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  1. 20 Logistyka
  2. 7 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin
  3. 7 TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
  4. 7 Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
  5. 6 Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
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  1. 4 Jerzyło P.
  2. 4 Kotowska I.
  3. 4 Semenov I. N.
  4. 3 Bodus-Olkowska I.
  5. 3 Kaup M.
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  1. 1 2023
  2. 1 2022
  3. 2 2020
  4. 5 2019
  5. 9 2018
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1
Content available remote Modernizacja śluzy na stopniu wodnym Januszkowice – betonowanie obiektów
Synowiec Katarzyna, Tałaj Michał, Golda Artur, Saferna Marcin
Inżynier Budownictwa
|
2023
|
nr 7-8
86--91
2
Content available The River Information System (RIS) as an Innovation in the Transport System
Niedzielski Piotr, Durajczyk Piotr
Safety & Defense
|
2022
|
2
53--61
EN
Inland shipping is one of the most neglected transport modes in Eastern Europe. Despite its indisputable advantages, such as the ability to transport goods of high weight and volume at the lowest unit transportation cost, low environmental impact and thus the lowest external costs, inland shipping does not play a significant role as a transport branch in many countries of the European Union. This is primarily due to the poor condition of the waterway infrastructure, the maintenance of which has not been properly financed for decades. In the public’s opinion, IWT is often considered an outdated form of transportation that does not meet the current needs of the transportation market. This article aims to indicate that the RIS system is an important tool for managing inland waterways and inland shipping. Therefore, it is also an important innovation which can redefine the role of IWT in the transport system. RIS can contribute to improving the logistic systems and transport safety. The literature analysis, descriptive statistics and taxonomic analysis were carried out to present the importance of the RIS system and its innovativeness. The study contributes to the discussion on the impact of modern information services and IT-tools on inland shipping and its role in modern transport systems. Inland waterborne transport is the missing mode, which could supplement the infrastructure deficits, and with the use of the RIS system, interconnect inland shipping into the transportation chains.
3
Content available Problems with positioning inland vessels on the Western Oder River section between the Długi and the Kolejowy Bridges in Szczecin
Kujawski Artur
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2020
|
nr 61 (133)
48--54
EN
The main aim of this article is to present a method to process Inland AIS (automatic identification system) data that is part of RIS (river information services), as well as to synthesize and visualize information obtained from it for further analysis. This article presents problems with imaging the position of inland navigation units in the immediate vicinity of the Długi and Kolejowy Bridges in Szczecin. The passing of 80 inland units on this section of the Western Oder River was analyzed. Data were obtained from the AIS message database and industrial cameras of the RIS Monitoring Centre at the Inland Navigation Office in Szczecin. 35 units were equipped with AIS messaging devices. This article analyzed the data after previous processing, which consisted of selecting appropriate research units and decoding AIS messages recorded in the VDM message type (VHF Data Link Message). Then, the acquired positions of inland navigation units on the map were visualized to calculate the number of errors and their location. The obtained data were used to illustrate the locations of interference during the operation of transmitter-receiver equipment that prevented determining the exact position of inland navigation units in the immediate vicinity of the above-mentioned bridges.
4
Content available Ocena użyteczności metody jakościowej szacowania popytu na przewozy ładunków żeglugą śródlądową na zapleczu portów morskich
Filina-Dawidowicz Ludmiła, Kotowska Izabela, Mańkowska Marta, Pluciński Michał
Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG
|
2020
|
nr 23(1)
76--86
PL
Znane metody prognozowania zapotrzebowania na transport towarów oparte są na danych szeregów czasowych, które nie zawsze są dostępne. Celem artykułu jest ocena użyteczności metody jakościowej szacowania popytu na przewozy ładunków żeglugą śródlądową na zapleczu portów morskich w przypadku niedostępności danych historycznych. Oceniana metoda obejmuje pięć etapów i opiera się na badaniu popytu, które przeprowadzono wśród gestorów ładunków. Weryfikację przeprowadzono na przykładzie Odrzańskiej Drogi Wodnej, analizując potencjalne operacje wykonywane w ramach żeglugi śródlądowej do/z portów morskich w Szczecinie i Świnoujściu, przy założeniu, że droga wodna została zmodernizowana do klasy żeglowności III. Uzyskane wyniki badań pozwoliły określić zalety i wady prognozowania opartego na badanej metodzie jakościowej, wskazując na jej użyteczność, i mogą być przydatne dla zarządów portów morskich, spedytorów, firm transportowych i instytucji rządowych podejmujących decyzje w zakresie rozwoju infrastruktury śródlądowych dróg wodnych.
EN
Known methods of forecasting the demand for goods transport are based on given time series, which are not always available. The article aims to assess the usefulness of the qualitative method of estimating the demand for cargo transport by inland waterways in seaports hinterland when historical data are unavailable. The assessed method consists of five stages and is based on a demand survey, which was carried out among cargo senders. The verification performed on the Oder Waterway example, analysing potential operations performed in inland shipping to/from seaports in Szczecin and Świnoujście, on the assumption that the Waterway has been modernized to navigability class III. Obtained research results allowed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of predicting using analysed qualitative method pointing to its usability and can be useful for seaports authorities, forwarders, transport companies and government institutions making decisions regarding the development of inland waterway infrastructure.
5
Content available The current state of inland navigation in Poland and its future development under European Union transport policy
Maruszczak Marianna
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2019
|
nr 60 (132)
47--55
EN
This article presents the activities of the European Union (EU) and Poland to develop inland waterways as an environmentally-friendly transport method. The paper presents positive aspects of transferring part of the load from other methods of transport, such as railways or cars, to inland vessels. It shows the level of development of inland navigation in the EU and indicates favorable natural conditions for doing so. The article addresses the issues of the insufficient state of waterway infrastructure in Poland and presents measures to improve it. It also identifies the main EU and government programs seeking to standardize a common transport space of the EU by developing inland navigation.
6
Content available Determinants of decisions on modal shift to inland shipping to serve hinterland seaports
Pluciński Michał
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2019
|
nr 58 (130)
113--120
EN
One of the major issues with freight carriage is choosing the ideal mode of transport. This is no different for transporting cargos in maritime trading, where the land section of the transport route may be accomplished by inland shipping, provided sufficient transport infrastructure exists. This article presents the results of a study on the demand for inland shipping to and from the seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście. The research study was carried out in 2017 by applying demoscopic methods. Interviews were conducted with major cargo shippers involved in maritime trading based within the Oder Waterway corridor who import/export over 10,000 tonnes of cargo per year. The interviews made it possible to obtain information on the most important factors considered by individual cargo shippers while organizing their transport processes. In addition to identifying the determinants themselves and to specify their nature, the study also indicated the positive and negative consequences of each determinant on the modal shift to inland shipping. The research in this study showed that a key role was played by determinants connected with the characteristics of carried cargoes, features of a given transport mode, and financial consequences of choosing a certain transport solution. An important factor was also the characteristics of the cargo shippers declaring the demand for transport, as well as changes in the cargo structure and the directional structure of foreign trade.
7
Content available Best practices in managing inland ports in Europe
Montwiłł Andrzej
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2019
|
nr 59 (131)
100--109
EN
Inland ports in Europe, having undergone transformation for several decades, have become multifunctional economic spaces. Currently, these are not only transport nodes in land-water traditional transport chains but today also supply the locations of intermodal terminals, distribution centers, service and production companies, or technology parks. Multifunctional inland ports also form part of the economic systems of cities and regions, contributing to their development. The aim of this article is to present the best practices in managing inland ports in Europe. In the article, using the results of research on inland waterway transport, it is pointed out what practices in managing inland ports have led, in many cases, to their increased importance in both multi-branch transport systems and the economic development of cities and regions. The study used literature on the subject, specific information on selected European inland ports, and development strategies for selected regions in Europe, including inland waterway transport. On the basis of the above, best practices leading to the long-term development of inland ports and maximizing the added value arising in their areas were determined.
8
Zmiana struktury transportu żeglugi śródlądowej w latach 2004-2014 na przykładzie skanalizowanego odcinka drogi wodnej E70 pomiędzy Bydgoszczą a Krzyżem
Rabant Hubert, Szatten Dawid, Babiński Zygmunt
Gospodarka Wodna
|
2019
|
Nr 5
21--24
PL
W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę ruchu jednostek pływających na zagospodarowanym hydrotechnicznie odcinku drogi wodnej E70 na terenie Polski w latach 2004-2014. Analiza zmienności wieloletniej wskazała na wzrost wykorzystania drogi wodnej, niemniej przejawia się to przede wszystkim w ruchu lokalnym, głównie turystycznym. Uzyskane wyniki odniesiono do obecnego stanu i perspektyw rozwoju polskich dróg wodnych.
EN
The article presents characteristics of the watercraft traffic on the developed hydrotechnical section of the E70 waterway in Poland in the period between 2004 and 2014. The long-term variability analysis pointed out to an increased use of the waterway, manifesting itself mainly through local, mostly tourist traffic. The obtained results were compared to the current situation of the Polish waterways and their growth perspectives.
9
Content available Inwestycje infrastrukturalne na Odrzańskiej Drodze Wodnej : szanse i wyzwania w perspektywie do roku 2030
Kaup Magdalena, Ignalewski Wojciech, Durajczyk Piotr
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2019
|
R. 20, nr 1-2
388--392
PL
Prezentowany artykuł dotyczy problematyki planowania inwestycji infrastrukturalnych na Odrzańskiej Drodze Wodnej. Przeanalizowano w nim źródła finansowania inwestycji infrastrukturalnych na ODW i podmioty odpowiedzialne za ich realizację. Przedstawiono czynniki dynamizujące i opóźniające realizację inwestycji infrastrukturalnych na ODW, a także zakres prac modernizacyjnych i remontowych na w perspektywach do roku 2020 i 2030.
EN
The presented article concerns the issues of planning infrastructure investments on the Oder Waterway. It analyzed the sources of financing infrastructural investments for ODW and the entities responsible for their implementation. It presents the factors stimulating and delaying the implementation of infrastructure investments at the ODW, as well as the scope of modernization and renovation works on prospects to 2020 and 2030.
10
Content available Wielofunkcyjne warstwowe materiały kompozytowe na kadłuby wybranych jednostek eksploatowanych w warunkach żeglugi śródlądowej
Grabian J., Ślączka W., Przetakiewicz W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika
|
2018
|
z. 90 [298], nr 3
297--308
PL
Artykuł przedstawia badania wstępne dotyczące wielowarstwowego materiału kompozytowego spełniającego postawione wymagania dotyczące budowy kadłubów wybranych jednostek pływających, przeznaczonych do żeglugi śródlądowej. Dokonano analizy i opisano warunki eksploatacyjne jednostek pływających śródlądowych, ze szczególnym naciskiem na bezpieczeństwo i koszty obsługi eksploatacyjnej jednostek. Zaproponowano sposób zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa użytkowania jednostki przez wprowadzenie wielowarstwowego materiału ograniczającego możliwości rozszczelnienia kadłuba w przypadku uderzenia o obiekty znajdujące się pod wodą. W celu badań porównawczych określono warunki przyjętej technologicznej próby zginania oraz wymagania dotyczące wielowarstwowych płyt próbnych. Wytworzono trój- i czterowarstwowe płyty próbne o grubości 14-30 mm, wykorzystując: kompozyty zawiesinowe na bazie żywicy epoksydowej zbrojone cząstkami ceramicznymi, kompozyty na bazie żywicy poliestrowej zbrojone uporządkowanym włóknem szklanym oraz piany metalowe na bazie aluminium oraz kompozytu aluminiowo-ceramicznego. Przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych badań dotyczących odporności płyt próbnych na zginanie w warunkach przyjętej próby technologicznej, a także odporności na ścieranie. Odniesiono się do możliwości wytwarzania tak skomponowanych materiałów warstwowych w warunkach znanej, szeroko stosowanej technologii formowania elementów kształtowych z kompozytów polimerowo-szklanych w formach negatywowych. Doprecyzowano typ śródlądowych obiektów pływających, wykazując zalety i celowość stosowania tych materiałów.
EN
The article presents the preliminary tests of a multilayer composite material that meets design requirements for hulls of some vessels intended for inland navigation. In the analysis and description of operating conditions of inland vessels a particular focus was put on the safety and operational costs of the vessels. The solution proposed to increase operational safety consists in introducing a multilayer material that limits the loss of hull integrity in the case a vessel hits an underwater object. For comparative studies, the conditions of the adopted technological bending test were defined along with requirements for multilayer test plates. Plates produced for the tests were three- and four-layered 14-30 mm thick plates made of three materials: epoxy resin-based suspension composites reinforced with ceramic particles, polyester resin-based composites reinforced with ordered fiberglass and metal foams based on aluminium and aluminium-ceramic epoxy. The preliminary research results include the resistanceof test plates to bending in the adopted technological test conditions and abrasive resistance. Particular reference was made to the manufacturing of so composed layered materials applying a known and widely used process of forming profiled elements of polymer-glass composites in negative moulds. The type of inland vessel was more precisely indicated, along with advantages and purpose of using the materials under consideration.
11
Content available The Use of Linguistic Variables and the FMEA Analysis in Risk Assessment in Inland Navigation
Skupień E., Tubis A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, no. 1
143--148
EN
The paper continues the study of the same authors, who previously proposed a method of risk assessment in inland navigation. In the literature there is a gap in the research area of a risk management of transportation systems, especially: inland navigation. The authors carried out interdisciplinary research and presented the results related to the identification of risk factors present in the systems of inland navigation. The paper presents inland navigation risk analysis, conducted using the linguistic variables and the FMEA method, taking into account technical, economic and social aspects. The aim of the article is to present a procedure for the assessment of risk in inland waterways transport, and carry out risk analysis for transport companies. In paper the proposal of behavior scenarios, methods of preventing and minimizing effects of pointed risks are shown.
12
Content available Logistic conditions of container transportation on the Oder Waterway
Kulczyk J., Tabaczek T.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, no. 1
135--141
EN
The paper contains the analysis of the possibility of container transportation on the Oder Waterway (the Gliwice Canal, the canalized stretch of the Oder River, and the regulated stretch of the Oder River), on the assumption that the waterway complies with conditions of class III European waterway. The analysis is based on the concept of modern motor cargo vessel, adjusted to hydraulic parameters of waterway. The vessel is designed for ballasting when passing under bridges. The amount of ballast water that enables transportation of two tiers of containers is given. The costs of waterborne transportation are compared to the costs of rail transportation of containers on selected shipping routes.
13
Content available Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Hybrid Electric-Propulsion Systems for Inland Barges
Łebkowski A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, no. 2
261--269
EN
The paper presents issues related to the possibility of using an electric propulsion system for inland craft, in this particular case self-propelled barges. Perspectives for development of inland water transport in Poland are presented. Historical engineering designs used in water transport at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are shown. The current status of stock used in inland navigation along with the condition of waterways available in Poland is presented. Energy consumption by inland craft using various configurations of propulsion systems is discussed, along with comparison of energy consumption during transport of goods using road transport, rail transport and inland waterway transport. In addition to the hybrid electric and diesel propulsion systems, the alternative is to use the electric rail mules for moving the barges.
14
Content available Assessment of the freight line calculation in the transport logistics system with sea and river sections
Boykov A. V., Kulapat D.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, no. 4
717--720
EN
The article presents the description of the transport logistics system for the carriage of goods on sea and inland waterways. The cargo line was calculated using sea and river transport routes and the calculation results were assessed. The coefficient of the circular voyage k r is given, which shows the need for the fleet in different types of vessels for the sea and inland water sections of the cargo line on condition that the vessels are equally loaded.
15
Content available remote Identyfikacja czynników wpływających na bezpieczeństwo eksploatacji statku na śródlądowej drodze wodnej w delcie Wisły
Jerzyło P., Wawrzyńska A.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport
|
2018
|
z. 121
115--124
PL
Każdego roku w Polsce, na śródlądowych drogach wodnych rejestrowane są przez Urzędy Żeglugi Śródlądowej, Państwową Straż Pożarną i Policję wypadki i incydenty, prowadzące zarówno do uszkodzenia infrastruktury jak i uszczerbku na zdrowiu. Poprawa poziomu bezpieczeństwa wymaga dogłębnej analizy i wyciągania wniosków z zaistniałych sytuacji awaryjnych. Istotną rzeczą jest identyfikacja i usystematyzowanie zagrożeń występujących w żegludze śródlądowej, co pozwoli na dobór skutecznych metod ich przeciwdziałania i podwyższenie poziomu bezpieczeństwa na akwenach ograniczonych. Celem pracy jest analiza toku postępowania przy przeprowadzaniu identyfikacji zagrożeń wpływających na bezpieczeństwo eksploatacji statku oraz analizy źródła i skutków wypadków i incydentów, jakie miały miejsce na śródlądowej drodze wodnej w delcie Wisły w ostatnich latach. Tok postępowania w rozwiązaniu postawionego problemu badawczego obejmuje trzy etapy: analizę stanu aktualnego, identyfikację zagrożeń i weryfikację modelu. Znajomość przyczyn i skutków zaistniałych wypadków w żegludze śródlądowej, może być użyta do tworzenia norm i procedur bezpieczeństwa, a także usprawniania ich funkcjonowania. Jest to bardzo pożądane, celem eliminacji podobnych niepożądanych zdarzeń w przyszłości. Jedną z metod pozwalającą na wykrycie i właściwą weryfikację źródeł, przebiegu i skutków zdarzeń zaistniałych w żegludze śródlądowej, jest analiza źródła przyczyn oraz skutków. Pozwala ona na wyodrębnienie czynników inicjujących oraz dalszą sekwencję zdarzeń, co w efekcie przyczynia się do poprawy poziomu bezpieczeństwa żeglugi.
EN
Every year in Poland, on the inland waterways, accidents and incidents are registered by the Offshore Shipping Offices, the State Fire Service and the Police. Improving the level of security requires indepth analysis and drawing conclusions from emerging emergency situations. It is important to identify and systematize the threats occurring in inland waterway, which will allow for the selection of effective methods of counteracting them and increasing the level of safety on restricted waters. The aim of the work is to analyze the course of proceedings when conducting the analysis of identification of threats affecting the safety of ship operation and analysis of the source and consequences of accidents and incidents that took place on the inland waterway in the Vistula delta in recent years. The course of action in solving the research problem posed involves three stages: an analysis of the current state, hazard identification and model verification. Knowledge of the causes and consequences of accidents in inland navigation may be used to create safety standards and procedures, as well as to improve their functioning. It is very desirable to eliminate similar adverse events in the future. One of the methods al-lowing for the detection and proper verification of sources, course and consequences of events occurring in inland navigation is the analysis of sources of causes and consequences. It allows the identification of initiating agents and a further sequence of events, which in turn contributes to the improvement of the level of navigational safety.
16
Content available The concepts of inland passenger transport in the Oder river basin
Kaup Magdalena, Łozowicka Dorota
New Trends in Production Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 1, Iss. 1
349--356
EN
This article presents the concepts of inland passenger transport: tourist and cruise in the basin of the Oder river. The first part describes the operating and technical parameters of the Oder and the present trends and directions in the development of inland waterway passenger services. Another part of the article contains an analysis of the results of the surveys carried out among respondents living in agglomerations lying on the Oder River. These studies have enabled the creation of two passenger transport concepts that enhance the competitiveness and attractiveness of inland waterway transport with respect to other modes of transport.
17
Content available remote Bezpieczeństwo transportu wodnego śródlądowego w Polsce
Ligęza K.
Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka
|
2018
|
nr 12
721--732, CD
PL
Śródlądowy transport wodny należy do najbardziej zrównoważonych gałęzi transportu, wywierając relatywnie niewielki wpływ na środowisko naturalne. Rozwój żeglugi śródlądowej w Polsce jest silnie związany ze stanem szlaków wodnych, bowiem to one decydują o efektywności oraz terminowości realizowanych przewozów. Układ i długość sieci śródlądowych szlaków wodnych w Polsce od lat utrzymuje się na zbliżonym poziomie. Dostosowanie wymiaru jednostek pływających i dróg wodnych jest głównym czynnikiem determinującym efektywność tego rodzaju transportu. Warunki nawigacyjne przekładają się bezpośrednio na podstawowe parametry konstrukcyjne taboru wykorzystywanego do przewozów w żegludze śródlądowej, w tym na stosunkowo małą ładowność barek, jak również na wielkość przewozów.
EN
Inland water transport is one of the most sustainable modes of transport, exerting a relatively small impact on the natural environment. The development of inland navigation in Poland is strongly related to the state of water routes, because they determine the efficiency and timeliness of transports. The layout and length of the inland waterway network in Poland has remained at a similar level for years. Adaptation of the dimension of vessels and waterways is the main factor determining the efficiency of this type of transport. The navigational conditions translate directly into the basic construction parameters of the rolling stock used for inland waterway transport, including the relatively low capacity of barges, as well as the volume of transport.
18
Content available Shipping safety management on Polish inland waterways
Jerzyło P., Rekowska P., Kujawski A.
Archives of Transport System Telematics
|
2018
|
Vol. 11, iss. 4
18--22
EN
Over the past years, the role of inland waterway transport has increased compared to other modes of transport. The increasing intensity of the inland vessel traffic significantly affects the safety of navigation. The article analyses the main causes of accidents and incidents that occurred on the Odra Waterway and Lower Vistula. The authors have classified those accidents and suggested possible directions for the development of inland waterway management in order to improve its efficiency. Navigationally critical areas in the lower section of the rivers Odra and Vistula have been indicated. These areas should be taken into account in long-term planning of the inland shipping development to ensure transport safety.
19
Content available Hazard identification methods
Orymowska J., Sobkowicz P.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
|
2017
|
z. 95
145--158
EN
This article presents the main hazards that occur in the context of inland navigation and their impact on the vessel. First, characteristics are extracted from the following methods with regard to identifying threats: involving steering gear damage to an inland vessel moving on a straight waterway. Next, a hazard identification model is presented, which is appropriate to a situation involving steering gear damage to an inland vessel moving on a straight fairway.
20
Content available Simplification methods for line and polygon features in mobile navigation systems for inland waters
Włodarczyk-Sielicka M., Bodus-Olkowska I.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2017
|
nr 50 (122)
105--111
EN
Mobile navigation for inland shipping is an example of a GIS system dedicated for recreational users using inland waterways. Developing this system is a primary purpose of the research project “Mobile Navigation for Inland Waters” funded by the National Centre for Research and Development under the program LIDER. System assumptions include the development of a dedicated model of mobile cartographic presentation, taking into account the generalization of data. This article is focused on simplification of line and polygon features, included in the spatial data model MODEF (MObinav Data Exchange Format), which is used in the created system. During the simplification of line features, the Douglas-Peucker algorithm was mainly implemented. During the simplification of polygon features, a simplification method was applied, maintaining the basic shape and size of the objects. A simplification tolerance parameter and a parameter determining the minimum area of the object was also used. In addition, objects within a certain distance were merged. A smoothing tool for the shape and size of buildings and the PEAK method (Polynomial Approximation with Exponential Kernel) were used as well. Furthermore, a selection tool was employed and features with minor importance to the user were deleted during navigation mode. Given the requirements of the future user of the system, a separate model simplification for each of the layers of the system was created; these models are combinations of the methods listed above. The overriding factor that has been taken into account during the research of simplification methods, was the limitation of the sharpness of human eyes. The study of generalization methods was carried out in ArcGIS software.
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