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Zasady projektowania, wykonania i odbioru studni wierconych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem procedur w zakresie wykonania otworów-studni geotermalnych

Witek Wiesław

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2020

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R. 23, Nr 5 (259)

12--24

PL

W artykule autor omawia szeroko zagadnienia związane z wykonaniem otworu hydrogeologicznego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem realizacji wiercenia głębokiego otworu geotermalnego. Specyfika realizacji takiego projektu polega na pozyskaniu wody o wysokiej temperaturze często o wysokiej mineralizacji z przeznaczeniem do celów balneologicznych lub do celów komunalnych, czyli do celów grzewczych. Z treści artykułu wynika, że cały proces realizacji projektu geotermalnego składa się z wielu istotnych operacji, których profesjonalne wykonanie często przesądza o końcowym sukcesie. Jedną z najważniejszych operacji w wykonaniu studni geotermalnej jest zabieg właściwego zaprojektowania i zapuszczenia kolumny filtracyjnej oraz skuteczne wykonanie zabiegu żwirowania. Operacje te poprzedzone są wieloma badaniami i pomiarami wykonanymi podczas wiercenia otworu jak również po zakończeniu wiercenia. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono ogólne zagadnienia dotyczące kwestii geologiczno-złożowych i hydrogeologicznych, natomiast w drugiej części omówiono szczegółowo zasady i procedury, jakie powinny być stosowane w realizacji projektu geotermalnego. Całość artykułu podsumowano wykazem generalnych zasad, jakie powinny obowiązywać w procesie projektowo-wykonawczym studni geotermalnej z jednoczesnym wskazaniem na wypracowanie stosownych instrukcji lub wytycznych w tym zakresie. Całość artykułu jest opracowana na bazie powszechnie znanej literaturze przedmiotu oraz na bazie własnych doświadczeń autora w realizacji projektów hydrogeologicznych w kraju i za granicą. Całość artykułu jest zobrazowana kilkoma ilustracjami ze wskazaniem na najważniejsze kwestie złożowo-hydrogeologiczne oraz kwestie techniczne związane z zafiltrowaniem i wykonaniem zabiegu żwirowania.

EN

In the article the author discusses broadly the issues related to the drilling of a hydrogeological well with particular emphasis on the implementation of deep geothermal drilling. The specificity of such a project is to obtain water of high temperature, often of high mineralization for balneological or municipal purposes, i.e. for heating purposes. The content of the article shows that the whole process of geothermal project implementation consists of many important operations whose professional execution often determines the final success. One of the most important operations in the execution of a geothermal well is the procedure of proper design and setting of the screen column and effective execution of the gravel placement. These operations are preceded by many tests and measurements made during the drilling of the well and also after the completion of the drilling. The first part of the article presents general issues concerning geological and deposit and hydrogeological issues, while the second part discusses in detail the recommendations and procedures to be applied in the implementation of the geothermal project. The whole article is summarized with a list of general recommendations which should apply in the design and execution process of a geothermal well and at the same time indicate the development of appropriate instructions or guidelines in this respect. The whole article is prepared on the basis of commonly known literature on the subject and on the author’s own experience in the implementation of hydrogeological projects in Poland and abroad. The whole article is illustrated by several illustrations indicating the most important deposit-hydrogeological issues and technical issues related to screen and gravel placement.

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Drilling large diameter water wells in carbonate strata in the Lublin area

Macuda J., Macuda M.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2018

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Vol. 35, no. 1

31--39

EN

One of the most important sources of water for communal purposes in the Lublin area are the useful groundwater aquifers intaken with deep drilled wells. Such wells should be highly efficient and localized in a close vicinity of the local water supply network to lower the cost of transport. Large amounts of water can be produced by large diameter wells, where heavy duty pump aggregates can be installed. High rates of penetration cannot be obtained if the profile abounds in hardly drillable carbonate. This elongates the time of drilling and increases negative impact of mud on the near well zone of the aquifer. It also lowers hydraulic parameters of the well. To improve the efficiency of the wells, drillability tests with cogged bits were performed in carbonate rocks to optimize the mechanical parameters of drilling. Measurement sections, each 0.3 to 0.5 m long, were selected for the tests. Each section was drilled at constant rotational speed and weight of bit values. Prior to the drillability tests, the limits on the weight of bit and rotational speed of the bit were established, in line with the technological characteristic of rig Wirth B3A, strength of the string and of the cogged bit.

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Drilling large diameter intake wells with cutter bits in loose and weakly consolidated rocks

Macuda J., Macuda M.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2016

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Vol. 33, no. 1

23--30

EN

Most of the useful aquifers in Poland occur in the Quaternary and Tertiary horizons, which are deposited at a depth of tens to hundreds of meters. Owing to the need of providing large quantities of water for municipal and industrial purposes, the aquifers are more and more frequently opened with large diameter wells of various designs. Such wells are mostly drilled with the rotary method with reverse mud circulation with the use of various bits. The Quaternary and Tertiary strata abound in loose and weakly consolidated rocks therefore cutter bits are predominantly used. They allow for high rates of drilling and shorter time of drilling of the well. This significantly influences the negative influence of drilling mud on the near screen zone of the aquifer and better hydraulic properties of the well. Drillability tests were performed with cutter bits of 0.86 and 0.67 m diameter for providing high rates of drilling of large diameter intake wells in loose and weakly consolidated rocks. The research was made for measurement sections 0.5 to 1.0 m long, and each of them was drilled at con- stant rotational velocity and axial weight on bit. Prior to the drillability tests the limitation of weight on bit and rotational velocity of bit imposed by the technical characteristic of Prakla B50 rig, strength of the string and butter bit were established. Various regression models were analyzed for the sake of finding a dependence between drilling rate and axial weight on bit and rotational velocity of bit for particular macroscopically homogeneous layers. The best results were obtained for the exponent model illustrating the influence of axial weight on bit and rotational velocity of bit on the drilling rate, which has been proved by the calculated regression coefficients and statistical parameters.