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1

Industry 5.0 as a new concept of development within high volatility environment: about the industry 5.0 based on political and scientific studies

Gajdzik Bożena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 169

255--279

EN

Purpose: the aim of the paper is to present the frameworks of Industry 5.0 in a labile environment. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, the notion of a dynamic environment was used, due to the speed of the changes taking place in economies and society, which could be anticipated and proactive measures taken. The pandemic, whose impact was experienced worldwide, changed the environment, which took economies, societies and businesses by surprise. Such an unpredictable, unstable environment is called environmental volatility. Design/methodology/approach: After COVID-19 instability has prevailed in many areas of human activities and societies, as well as in businesses and economies. The strongly popularised, for more than a decade, the concept of Industry 4.0 was transformed. In the new reality more important there were socio-economic and environmental problems. In the new concept called Industry 5.0 three aspects are important: human factors, resilience and sustainability. The above-mentioned aspects were included by the European Commission in the document: “Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European Industry”. The document was published in January 2021. The idea of Industry 5.0 refers to the concept of Society 5.0 in the labile environment after the COVID-19. The paper was realized based on the SLR method. The author used the bibliometrics of scientific publications about Industry 5.0 available in the scientific database Scopus. Findings: This paper presents the policy assumptions of Industry 5.0 based on studies from the political documents and scientific papers. The first scientific publications on Industry 5.0 were registered in scientific databases in 2016. Originality/value The presented frameworks of the Industry 5.0 based on literature review complemented (expanded) the understanding of the European development policy presented in the document: Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry (European Commission, Brussels, Manuscript completed in January 2021).

2

Operational resilience regarding safety and security aspects of industrial automation and control systems

Kosmowski Kazimierz T.

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

|

2023

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023

99--116

EN

This chapter addresses selected issues concerning shaping resilience of the industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Such systems play nowadays a key role in safety and security of hazardous industrial installations and critical infrastructure networks due to a considerable attack surface. Productivity, safety, and security management is becoming now more and more challenging due to dynamic changes in business conditions, limited access to energy sources at accepted costs, adverse environment, pandemic consequences, difficulties in maintaining reliable and timely supply chains, etc. In situation of significant uncertainty and interrelated systems involved, a reasonable approach to achieve adopted goals is to elaborate a rational strategy of sustainable development to be combined with shaping resilience of relevant systems in life cycle. It concerns any organisation that governs for instance an industrial company and its manufacturing system, or a state institution responsible for critical infrastructure development. In this chapter shaping operational resilience of industrial control systems regarding basic functional safety and cybersecurity requirements is outlined.

3

Impact of psychological components of human factors on the probability of committing an error during ship handling in restricted waters

Hejmlich Andrzej

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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nr 72 (144)

42--47

EN

The paper presents a new approach to the evaluation of human factor (HF) influence on the risk of maritime accidents. This approach is based on a formal human–ship–environment system definition including the relationships between humans, technology, environment, and organization. Social and organizational factors have already been included in the International Maritime Organization regulations; however, the individual factors still need investigation. A combination of psychological studies and technical operations of sea-going ships has given a huge opportunity to use HF assessment in rule-making processes. The main scientific goal of the research presented in the paper was the development of a method to assess the influence of HF on the risk of maneuvering accidents in restricted waters. This method is based on research within the area of technical ship operation and the results of the psychological profile of operators. The proposed model is based on a quantitative HF model developed by an authorized psychologist comprising personality traits, vulnerability to stress, and risk approach. The investigations were carried out with a group of 32 experienced ship masters performing a complex maneuvering task on the Full Mission Ship Handling Simulator. The multidimensional dependencies between variables of the psychological profile and the risk of an accident resulting from maneuvering errors were implemented into the Sugeno fuzzy model. The developed model allows risk assessment to be conducted that depends on the selected personality profile features. These features can be measured using psychological questionnaires, and then the risk of an accident due to maneuvering error can be calculated for a captain or marine pilot in order to improve human resource management.

4

Towards strategic resilience of process plants and critical infrastructure regarding functional safety and cybersecurity requirements

Kosmowski Kazimierz T.

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

|

2022

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022

117--132

EN

This chapter addresses selected issues of strategic resilience of Industry 4.0 process installations and critical infrastructure systems that are designed and operated using converged technologies OT/IT/CT (operational technology/information technology/cloud technology) for effective business management in changing and uncertain environment. Two kinds of strategic resilience are distinguished: (I) the resilience concerning business processes to be evaluated and supported applying in industrial practice, e.g., a methodology of business continuity management (BCM), and (II) the resilience related to the safety and security technologies. Selected issues of these two areas of the overall resilience are discussed in relation to current references and reports. In area (II) the resilience of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) is emphasized that includes the requirements imposed on solutions of the functional safety (FS) and cybersecurity (CS) to be designed according to the defence in depth (DinD) concept using defined protection layers (PL). Responsible tasks in abnormal and accident situations are executed by the human operators that make use of an alarm system (AS) and its interface within overall human system interface (HSI). The human error probability (HEP) for relevant human operator behaviour type is evaluated using a human cognitive reliability (HCR) model. It is concluded that the resilience engineering (RE) concept is useful, but additional research effort is needed to develop integrated approaches and tools for supporting real engineering and organisational issues of strategic resilience.

5

Human resources quality improvement from the perspective of Kaizen practice

Minh Nguyen Dat, Quyen Nguven Thi Hanh

Management

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2022

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Vol. 26, no. 1

144--164

EN

Kaizen has long been known as an improvement philosophy that starts with small frequent changes to make larger changes in production. These changes come from the ideas and creative thinking of employees to ensure that the production conditions and processes are continuously improved. However, Kaizen not only helps motivate employees to think creatively with effective methods and skills, but it also helps them develop their capabilities, personality, and good work habits. The purpose of this paper is to show a new approach to human resources quality improvement through the Kaizen philosophy as a sustainable and active strategy to improve work performance. With analytical research on the relationship between Kaizen implementation, human resources quality improvement, and production efficiency and exploratory research on particular cases in manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam, the authors point out changes in production efficiency and human capacity before and after implementing improvement (Kaizen) projects. The paper finds significant changes of employee capability (Kaizen practitioners) after evaluating the human resource development process on the basis of six indicators of two groups (namely capacity development, personality development) and a set of criteria using a 5-point scale. In addition, the paper proposes a PDCA based framework with 12 contents corresponding to stages of the human resource development. This paper extends theories related to Lean Manufacturing or Kaizen, highlighting how philosophy of Kaizen has hard and soft impacts on the improvement of performance and human resources.

6

Effective learning from safety events reporting takes two: getting to the root & just culture

Carrera-Arce M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

|

Vol. 15 No. 4

775--780

EN

SAFEMODE is an EU-funded project under the Horizon 2020 programme. The project brings together experience from the whole safety value chain including manufacturers, service providers, regulators, academia, and small-medium enterprises. This paper focuses on two core aspects the project is addressing: 1) the systematic collection, analysis, and categorization of Human Factors (HF) data from maritime and aviation safety events, and 2) the development of a Just Culture framework for maritime to encourage reporting of safety events and learning from them, and at which respondents feel they are treated in a fair and just manner when reporting. Learning from safety events is only possible if root causes of accidents and incidents are properly and systematically identified, analysed, and categorized, and reporters know that reporting is a “safe” and beneficial practice. The implementation of these two outcomes as part of the institutionalization strategy of the project includes recommendations to industry guidance and practice and proposals to the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

7

Selected issues in universal design of yachts for people with disabilities

Branowski Bogdan, Zabłocki Marek, Kurczewski Przemysław, Walczak Andrzej

Polish Maritime Research

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2021

|

nr 3

4--15

EN

This paper presents the general principles of building a sailing yacht designed for people with multiple disabilities. Specific requirements for the crew on such vessels have been stressed. A lot of attention has been given to the possible disabilities of the design subjects and accessibility of the new yacht. The universal design method has been adopted to enable meeting ergonomic and rehabilitation requirements. We discuss selected stages of the design process: problem analysis, yacht construction and equipment. We discuss the influence of the type of disability on yacht use, in detail. Two tasks have been combined, that of a sailor with disabilities and that of a yacht. Both of them need to be taken into account in the socio-technical ‘sailor with disabilities - yacht’ system. A set of required yacht adaptations has been developed to meet the relationships in this system. Typical dangers in sailing on the Empatia 60 FD yacht are further enumerated. We provide a set of design rules for constructing dedicated yachts for the disabled and their practical use.

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An integrated shift schedule assessment and selection procedure for power & water plants in Kingdom of Bahrain

Abbas Hussain Abdali, Mannai Bader Darwish

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2021

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nr 1 (29)

33--43

EN

The continues increase in population and market globalization necessitated offering additional services and mass production strategy deployment. Consequently, a dramatic increase in research studies have been directed towards mitigating the shift schedule harmful physical, psychological, and social life effects on the workers. In addition, studies are currently conducted to determine the optimal shift schedule and shift rota, which is capable to incorporate human factors and applicable to the environment adopted in. In Kingdom of Bahrain there are no studies that investigate the effects of shift schedule on the operators, neither provide clear guidelines to select the appropriate shift schedule based on the environment adopted in. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to present the development of an effective shift schedule selection mechanism that considers the physical, psychological, and social life factors for Al-Dur Power and Water Plant in Kingdom of Bahrain. The research methodology adopted was based on survey and case study. The results of this research study concluded that the shift schedule selection procedure developed was capable to involve all the stakeholders associated in the shift schedule selection process. In addition, it based the assessment and decision on the work environment adopted in.

9

Impact of pilots’ tiredness on the outcome of psychological testing

Socha Vladimir, Hanakova Lenka, Freigang Michal, Kraus Jakub, Stojic Slobodan, Socha Lubos, Hanak Peter

Transport Problems

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2019

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T. 14, z. 2

55--67

EN

Presented work is primarily oriented on the experimental verification of the influence of fatigue on the psychological condition of the flying personnel, using psychological and performance tests. For the evaluation of a pilot performance, the 24 hours experiment was conducted. In total, eight subjects participated in the experimental measurements. Eight participants went through several tests, including simulator flights, to investigate the effects of the fatigue on the results of psychological measurements. Measurements included workload evaluation, using NASA task load evaluation concept and performance testing, using the so-called OR-test. Significant statistical differences between measurements performed during 24 hours were not found in the case of NASA task load Scores. In the case of OR-test, Friedman ANOVA and subsequent post-hoc analysis show that the greatest decrease in performance was observed in approximately 22 hours of wakefulness, i.e. approximately in half of the measuring process. The concept of 24-hour measurements for the quantification of fatigue is not commonly used yet as well as objectivization using performance testing. As the apparent effect of fatigue is mainly on performance testing results, it can be argued that this work could serve as a basis for further studies on fatigue. Also, it could serve as a support for introducing new pilots' psychological testing procedures in the future, which could contribute to current efforts to improve aviation safety.

10

Information systems development and usage with consideration of privacy and cyber security aspects

Jabłoński Janusz, Robak Silva

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

547--554

EN

One of the contemporary problems, and at the same time a challenge, with development und usage of supply chain Information Systems are the issues associated with privacy and cyber security, which emerged due to new requirements of legal regulations and directives. The human factor belongs to the biggest risks within these issues. Leak of information, phishing, unauthorized access are the main problems. Also vulnerability of the systems due to new information technologies is an important topic. In this paper we discuss development and usage of Information Systems with regard to the security aspects associated to the software development lifecycle. We present our approach on examples of a user authentication process in logistics.

11

Analysis of the correlation between personal factors and visiting locations with boosting technique

Song Ha Yoon, Yun JiSeon

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

743--746

EN

The paper analyzed the relationship between the person's fourteen characteristic factors and place to visit. The personal factors consist of personality, marital Status, final education, majors, religion, monthly income, commuting means and time, number of travel, use of SNS, time for SNS per day, life of culture. In addition, the analysis was done on which factors have the greatest impact. The analysis involved thirty-four participants and the boosting technique was used as a method of analysis. Personality data was obtained through the Big Five Factors (BFF), data for the rest of the factors were obtained through a self-created questionnaire. Location data was obtained through a Swarm application. For each location categories, the most effective factors were identified in this research.

12

Analysis of human operators and industrial robots performance and reliability

Gołda G., Kampa A., Paprocka I.

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2018

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Vol. 9, No. 1

24--33

EN

In the article problems related to human labor and factors affecting the increasing use of industrial robots are discussed. Since human factors affect the production processes stability, robots are preferred to apply. The application of robots is characterized by higher performance and reliability comparing to human labor. The problem is how to determine the real difference in work efficiency between human operator and robot. The aim of the study is to develop a method that allows clearly definition of productivity growth associated with the replacement of human labor by industrial robots. Another aim of the paper is how to model robotized and manual operated workstation in a computer simulation software. Analysis of the productivity and reliability of the hydraulic press workstation operated by the human operator or an industrial robot, are presented. Simulation models have been developed taking into account the availability and reliability of the machine, operator and robot. We apply OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) indicator to present how availability and reliability parameters influence over performance of the workstation, in the longer time. Simplified financial analysis is presented considering different labor costs in EU countries.

13

Modelling and Simulation Method for Production Process Automation in Steel Casting Foundry

Kampa A., Gołda G.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

47--52

EN

The problem of production flow in steel casting foundry is analysed in this paper. Because of increased demand and market competition, a reorganisation of the foundry process is required, including the elimination of manual labour and the implementation of automation and robotisation of certain processes. The problem is how to determine the real difference in work efficiency between human workers and robots. We show an analysis of the production efficiency of steel casting foundry operated by either human operators or industrial robots. This is a problem from the field of Operations Research for which the Discrete Event Simulation (DES) method is used. Three models are developed, including the foundry before and after automation when taking into consideration parameters of the availability of machines, operators and robots. We apply the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) indicator to present how the availability, performance and quality parameters influence the foundry’s productivity. In addition, stability of the simulation model was analysed. This approach allows for a better representation of real production processes and the obtained results can be used for further economic analysis.

14

Research opportunity: incorporation of human factors in order picking system models

Gajšek B., Vujica Herzog N., Butlewski M., Đukić G.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2017

|

Nr 72

46--61

EN

A key priority of the European Union’s employment strategy and Europe 2020 is to create more and better jobs in Europe, while improving their quality and ensuring better working conditions. In order picking “man-to-goods” workplaces automation still will not be rational in the near future. This is an example of a working environment where humans are still central actors and determine their effectiveness and efficiency. Order picking activities are labour-intensive and time-consuming. Researchers have developed models for planning order picking activities and increasing the efficiencies of such systems by suggesting different warehouse layouts, order picking routes or storage assignments. Developed models for planning order picking activities largely ignore workers’ characteristics, or human factors, suggesting that they cannot be substantiated, which leads to only partially realistic results. To fill this obvious gap the authors are trying, with an interdisciplinary approach, to find ways to incorporate human factors into order picking models and improve working conditions in order picking processes with a literature review and survey on employees’ perception of working conditions and health problems.

PL

Kluczowym priorytetem strategii zatrudnieniowej Unii Europejskiej i programu Europa 2020 jest stworzenie w Europie większej liczby lepszych miejsc pracy, przy jednoczesnej poprawie ich jakości oraz zapewnieniu lepszych warunków pracy. W przypadku stanowisk komplementacji zamówień (człowiek operujący różnymi towarami) wdrażanie automatyki nadal nie będzie racjonalne w najbliższej przyszłości. Jest to przykład środowiska pracy, w którym ludzie nadal są głównymi wykonawcami pracy oraz determinują skuteczność i efektywność całego systemu. Prace na stanowiskach komplementacji zamówień są pracoi czasochłonne. Dotychczas badacze opracowywali modele planowania zbierania zamówionych dóbr oraz zwiększenia efektywności takich systemów, sugerując różne układy magazynów, trasy kompletacji zamówień lub przydział miejsc składowania. Opracowane modele komplementacji zamówień w dużej mierze ignorowały charakterystyki pracowników lub szerzej – zagadnienia ergonomii, sugerując, że nie mogą one być skonkretyzowane, co doprowadziło do tego, że za pomocą tych modeli uzyskano tylko częściowo realne rezultaty. W celu wypełnienia tej oczywistej luki autorzy próbują za pomocą interdyscyplinarnego podejścia znaleźć sposób na inkorporację ergonomii do modelowania procesów komplementacji zamówień. W tym celu, chcąc uzyskać poprawę warunków pracy i optymalizację stanowisk kompletacji zamówień, w artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury tematu i badań wśród pracowników odnośnie do ich percepcji warunków pracy i problemów zdrowotnych.

15

Ergonomics contribution in maintainability

Teymourian K., Seneviratne D., Galar D.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2017

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nr 3 (25)

217--223

EN

The objective of this paper is to describe an ergonomics contribution in maintainability. The economical designs, inputs and training helps to increase the maintainability indicators for industrial devices. This analysis can be helpful, among other cases, to compare systems, to achieve a better design regarding maintainability requirements, to improve this maintainability under specific industrial environment and to foresee maintainability problems due to eventual changes in a device operation conditions. With this purpose, this work first introduces the notion of ergonomics and human factors, maintainability and the implementation of assessment of human postures, including some important postures to perform maintenance activities. A simulation approach is used to identify the critical posture of the maintenance personnel and implements the defined postures with minimal loads on the personnel who use the equipment in a practical scenario. The simulation inputs are given to the designers to improve the workplace/equipment in order to high level of maintainability. Finally, the work concludes summarizing the more significant aspects and suggesting future research.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opisanie wpływu ergonomii na łatwość konserwacji. Ekonomiczne wzorce, nakłady i szkolenia pomagają zwiększyć wskaźnik konserwacji urządzeń przemysłowych. Ta analiza może być pomocna, między innymi, do porównywania systemów w celu uzyskania lepszego projektu dotyczącego wymagań związanych z konserwacją, poprawy tej konserwacji w konkretnym środowisku przemysłowym oraz przewidywania problemów związanych z konserwacją, spowodowanych ewentualnymi zmianami warunków działania urządzenia. W tym celu praca ta na początku wprowadza pojęcie ergonomii i czynników ludzkich, łatwości konserwacji i wdrażania oceny pozycji ludzi, w tym kilka ważnych pozycji, w których przeprowadza się czynności konserwacyjne. Podejście symulacyjne jest wykorzystywane do identyfikacji krytycznej pozycji ciała personelu konserwacyjnego i wdrażania tych z minimalnym obciążeniem dla personelu, który wykorzystuje sprzęt w praktycznym scenariuszu. Dane wejściowe do symulacji są przekazywane projektantom aby poprawić miejsce pracy/wyposażenie w celu zapewnienia wysokiego poziomu konserwacji. Ostatecznie, niniejsze opracowanie kończą podsumowanie bardziej znaczących aspektów i sugestie dotyczące przyszłych badań.

16

Cognitive engineering and functional safety technology for reducing risks in hazardous plants

Kosmowski K.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2017

|

Vol. 8, No. 1

73--86

EN

Cognitive engineering is considered nowadays as interesting multidisciplinary domain that focuses on improving the relations between humans and the systems that are supervised and operated. The industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants are increasingly computerized and perform various safety functions. These are designed and implemented according to the functional safety concept. The objective is to maintain high performance / productivity and reduce various risks related to identified hazards and threats. An approach is proposed to apply selected cognitive engineering methods for verifying the design of the functional safety technology implemented in given hazardous plant in context of defined safety functions, operator interfaces, communication means and procedures. The methodology developed might be applied for functional safety management in life cycle of industrial hazardous plants and oil port terminals.

17

Protection of a control system of a technical object from negative influence of human factors by using steganographic methods

Afanasyeva O.

Journal of KONBiN

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2017

|

No. 43

301--312

EN

It is difficult to avoid influence of human factor on work of complex technical objects, so safety systems of technical objects have to contain tools of analysis and withstanding possible negative influences from the side of service personnel (SP). To withstand negative influence of human factors on work of a complex technical object, this paper proposes to use steganographic methods of hiding certain information. For that, information is hidden from some members of service personnel (SP), for which the corresponding information is negative. Besides, certain information is hidden from some SP members that can block its transfer in the system of controlling the management process. Methods of implementing the steganographic data concealment are to a great degree dependent on the type of a digital environment that is considered to be used. Introducing the information fragments in a graphic digital environment is performed so that they would be invisible in this environment. Thus, it is necessary for values of parameters that characterize the invisibility degree to be consistent with parameters used to describe the environment itself.

PL

Trudno uniknąć wpływu czynnika ludzkiego na funkcjonowanie złożonych technicznych obiektów, dlatego wszystkie systemy bezpieczeństwa obiektów technicznych powinni zawierać środki analizy i przeciwdziałania możliwemu negatywnemu wpływowi ze strony personelu obsługi (SP). W pracy zaproponowano zastosowanie steganograficznych metod ukrycia informacji pochodzących od poszczególnych członków grupy SP. Informacja ta jest ukryta przed pozostałymi członkami SP. Wprowadzenie w cyfrowe środowisko informacyjnych fragmentów odbywa się w taki sposób, aby w tym środowisku były one niewidoczne.

18

Analiza niezawodności człowieka-operatora w kontekście bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego

Piesik E., Kosmowski K. T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

|

2016

|

Nr 51

147--150

PL

Artykuł przedstawia niektóre kwestie analizy warstwowego systemu zabezpieczeń instalacji podwyższonego ryzyka z uwzględnieniem analizy niezawodności człowieka HRA (human reliability analysis). Działania człowieka operatora w odniesieniu do systemu operatorskiego HSI (human system interface), w tym systemu alarmowego i potencjalnych błędów człowieka mogą mieć istotny wpływ na wyniki analiz probabilistycznych w procesie weryfikacji poziomów nienaruszalności bezpieczeństwa SIL (safety integrity level). Wpływ ten może być analizowany przy użyciu wybranych metod HRA. W pracy przeanalizowano wpływ czynników ludzkich na prawdopodobieństwo błędu człowieka HEP (human error probability) korzystając z metod SPAR-H oraz HEART. Uzyskane wyniki HEP są analizowane dla wybranego scenariusza awaryjnego w kontekście rozwiązań bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego.

EN

The paper addresses some issues of the layer of protection analysis concerning an industrial hazardous plant taking into account results of the human reliability analysis (HRA). The functional safety analysis includes determining required safety integrity level (SIL) of safety functions proposed for hazards identified, based on the risk analysis results obtained and assessed regarding the risk criteria defined. The next step is to verify whether required SIL level is achieved using appropriate protection layers that include the safety instrumented system (SIS) of configuration considered in design to implement given safety function, using appropriate methods of probabilistic modelling. Human-operator activities in context of the humansystem interface - including the alarm system - and potential human errors, may have significant impact on the probabilistic results obtained. This impact is evaluated using appropriate HRA method or methods. In the paper the influence of human factors relevant to two HRA methods selected, i.e. HEART and SPAR-H, are evaluated. The results of the human error probability (HEP) obtained using these methods are discussed for an accident scenario considered.

19

Zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem a problem partycypacji pracowników w przedsiębiorstwie

Gembalska-Kwiecień A., Żurakowski Z.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2015

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z. 77

93--101

PL

W artykule zajęto się problemem partycypacji pracowników w systemie zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w przedsiębiorstwie. Przedstawiono zagadnienie partycypacji, a także wyniki badań empirycznych obrazujących badany problem. Pokazano także korzyści wynikające z partycypacji pracowników w systemie zarządzania bezpieczeństwem.

EN

This article dealt with the problem of employee involvement in a safety management system. The article describes the issue of participation, as well as empirical studies illustrating the above mentioned problem in a selected company. The benefits of the employee involvement in the safety management system are also shown.

20

Methodological issues of functional safety and reliability assessment of critical systems in industrial hazardous plants

Kosmowski K. T.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2015

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Vol. 6, No. 2

59--70

EN

The aim of this article is to identify and discuss some methodological issues that are of interest among functional safety specialists and experts after publication of the second edition of international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, including the design and implementing the safety-related functions of higher safety integrity levels and protection layers. The basic role of safety-related systems is to reduce effectively and to control in time the individual and/or societal risk with regard to its tolerable levels. These issues include: risk criteria, reliability data, probabilistic models of systems operating in high and/or low mode, dependent failures, human reliability analysis, security of programmable safety-related systems, and reducing uncertainty issues in decision making process applying the cost-benefit analysis. Selected aspects of these issues are discussed and some challenges requiring further research are indicated.