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Sorting, Logistics and Secondary Use of Solid Household Waste in Ukraine on the Way to European Integration

Tokarchuk Dina, Pryshliak Natalia, Yaremchuk Natalia, Berezyuk Sergiy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

207--220

EN

The study is aimed at solving the problem that has arisen in Ukraine in the field of household waste management, namely the generation, accumulation, storage, processing and disposal of waste. This issue is of particular importance for the population of each country, which is explained by the extremely negative impact of waste and landfields on the health and quality of life of the population, as well as the ecological situation of the respective territories. The purpose of the study is to improve the sorting, logistics and secondary use of solid household waste in Ukraine by adapting the waste management system in Ukraine to EU requirements. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that the volumes of waste generation are quite significant in different countries, their morphological composition varies depending on the level of economic development of countries, the level of application of advanced technologies, etc. The authors’ logically ordered scheme of domestic waste management in Ukraine showed a number of shortcomings: lack of deep separation of waste and practically no motivation to use solid waste for energy. As a result of the research, the authors suggested using eight containers for sorting household waste, which will become the basis for its further efficient use as a secondary resource. The authors proposed a system for improving the logistics chain of waste management, in particular, proposed vacuum transportation of sorted waste to processing lines, which will ensure the environmental friendliness of useful disposal processes. An analysis of the experience of the secondary use of solid waste in different countries showed the prevalence of energy utilization of waste, the current level of which in Ukraine is insignificant. In connection with the invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, the volumes of waste generation of all types increased. There is an urgent need to use the bioenergy potential of waste in connection with the energy crisis caused by hostilities and fuel shortages. The concept of sustainable development of the field of solid waste management, which is based on economic, social, ecological and energy effects, with the interaction of which the phenomenon of synergy takes place, is substantiated.

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Analysis of the Composition of Household Waste from the Community within the Framework of a Waste Prevention and Reduction Strategy

Nizar Muhammad, Munir Erman, Munawar Edi, Irvan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

91--103

EN

Waste management requires reliable waste generation. The generation of waste and the amount of waste estimated based on facts are the factors that can influence it. The ways to reduce the environmental impacts on waste management include planned prevention by processing methods based on the waste features that are processed at designated locations. Factors such as behaviour, culture, energy sources, economic development and climate have impact on the composition of waste. The composition has a great effect on the need for collecting a lot of waste or less from the collection and disposition of waste. The purpose of this study was to analyse and find the main obstacles regarding the composition of waste under warm climate conditions. The results of this study allow the main contents of planned waste management to be established. This also includes advising all residents about how to minimise waste, a recycling scheme that is expanded on the roadside and relationships with stakeholders.

3

Composition of the Separated Green Waste in Rural and Urban Area

Báreková Anna, Tátošová Lucia, Kišš Vladimír, Kováčová Martina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

234--239

EN

The municipalities in Slovakia have a duty to separate biodegradable municipal waste (BDMW) from family houses. This duty can be achieved by home composting or by collection of green waste in bio-bins, which are regularly emptied by a collection company. The collected waste is recycled in a composting plant. The conducted research was focused on identifying the composition of the collected green waste and comparing the environmental behaviour of residents in villages and towns. The analyses conducted showed that the separated BDMW from the urban population has a higher rate of contamination, but a lower rate of compostable kitchen waste compared to the residents in villages.

4

Analysis of Changes in Municipal Waste Management at the County Level

Przydatek G., Kochanek A., Basta M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 1

72--80

EN

The objective of the study was to identify system changes in waste management, including qualitative and quantitative changes in the Łososina Dolna County between 2012 and 2014, taking into account eleven waste streams in the period before and after the introduction of these changes on the level of the county. Differences in the county’s tasks with respect to municipal waste management, which became clear after the changes, were shown along with their impact on the effectiveness of the assigned tasks related to taking over the obligations of waste collection by property owners. On this basis, a 10% growth in the quantity of collected municipal waste was noticed after the changes, as well as a 4% growth in recycled materials, in particular plastic. A drop on the level of 8.5% in the collected mixed municipal waste was considered favourable; however, a drop in the share of glass waste amounting to 5.28% and was considered as negative. In spite of the introduced changes in the municipal waste stream, the share of non-segregated waste of over 67.55% remained significant. The year of changes was characterised by relatively low value of waste accumulation index on the level of 0.26 kg∙ M-1∙day-1. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of municipal waste management in the Łososina Dolna County in comparison to system changes in waste management introduced at the end of the first and the beginning of the second half of 2013.

5

The pilot study of characteristics of household waste generated in suburban parts of rural areas

Steinhoff-Wrześniewska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 2

92--100

EN

The subject of the studies were waste generated in suburban households, in 3-bag system. The sum of wastes generated during the four analyzed seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter – 1 year), in the households under study, per 1 person, amounted to 170,3 kg (in wet mass basis). For 1 person, most domestic waste was generated in autumn – 45,5 kg per capita and the least in winter – 39,0 kg per capita. The analysis performed of sieved composition (size fraction) showed that fractions: >100 mm, 40–100 mm, 20–40 mm constituted totally 80% of the mass of wastes (average in a year). The lowest fraction (<10 mm), whose significant part constitutes ashes, varied depending on the season of year: from 3.5% to 12.8%. In the morphological composition of the households analyzed (on average in 4 seasons), biowastes totally formed over 53% of the whole mass of wastes. A significant part of waste generated were also glass waste (10,7% average per year) and disposable nappies (8,3% average per year). The analysis of basic chemical components of biowastes showed that in case of utilizing them for production of compost, it would be necessary to modify (correct) the ratios C/N and C/P. Analysis of the chemical composition showed that the biowastes were characterized by very high moisture content and neutral pH.

6

O selektywnej zbiórce odpadów komunalnych na przykładzie wybranych gmin w Polsce

Kwaśniowski S., Orzeł A., Zając M., Zając P.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

3593--3601

PL

Opisano zebrane dane literaturowe dotyczące problemów ekologistycznych w Polsce po zmianie przepisów w 2013 r. Zebrano i opracowano w postaci tabel i wykresów dostępne dane z dokumentów GUS i UE. Następnie przedstawiono zebrane w toku prowadzonych badań dane z wybranych gmin, z terenu Polski. Badania miały na celu zweryfikowanie danych statystycznych z rzeczywistymi w kontekście prowadzenia współpracy z przemysłem B+R. Ilość odpadów segregowanych i odzyskiwanych w sposób systematyczny rośnie. Wskaźnik ten zazwyczaj podaje się w przeliczeniu na mieszkańca – i tak w Polsce wynosił on za 2013 rok 320 kg/miesiąc/mieszkaniec wybranej gminy.

EN

Described collected literature data on problems ekologistycznych in Poland after the change in legislation in 2013 were collected and compiled in the form of tables and graphs available data from the Central Statistical Office documents and the EU. Then presents collected during the research data of the selected municipalities from Polish. The study aimed to verify the statistical data in the context of the actual conduct of collaboration with industry R & D. The amount of waste sorted and recycled in a systematic way to grow. This ratio is usually administered per capita - and so he was in Poland for 2013 years 320 kg / month / resident of the municipality.

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Wstępna ocena podstawowych właściwości nawozowych odpadów kuchennych

Czop M., Królikowska D., Kubik M., Sidura P.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2012

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Vol. 14, nr 4

95--102

PL

Odpady komunalne zawsze stanowiły i nadal stanowią duży problem. Konieczne jest znalezienie takich sposobów ich zagospodarowania, aby nie stanowiły zagrożenia dla zdrowia ludzi i środowiska, a z drugiej strony mogły być źródłem potencjalnych surowców wtórnych. Istotnym wymogiem znowelizowanej Ustawy o odpadach jest uwzględnienie w planach gospodarki odpadami potrzeby maksymalnego odzysku odpadów komunalnych, w tym ich recyklingu, oraz sukcesywnego ograniczania ilości składowanych odpadów. Szczególną uwagę w przyszłych planach należy zwrócić na redukcję odpadów biodegradowalnych, które obecnie są kierowane w głównej mierze na składowiska. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań odpadów biodegradowalnych pochodzących z typowego gospodarstwa domowego, pod kątem możliwości ich optymalnego zagospodarowania. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że odpady kuchenne zawierają znaczące z punktu widzenia nawozowego zawartości składników organicznych.

EN

Municipal waste has caused created a big problem for city authorities. It was necessary to find such ways of their management, as to avoid threat for the human health and environment and to provide a source of possible feedstock. An important requirement for the amended Act on Wastes is that the waste management plans should provide for the necessity to recycle waste to the maximum degree, process it, neutralize and successively limit its stored amounts. Particular attention shall be paid to the reduction of biodegraded waste from typical household by finding options for their best disposal.

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System gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w UE. Cz. IV

Urbaniak W., Jesiak K., Domaszewicz A.

Recykling

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2010

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nr 10

36-38

PL

W ramach cyklu omawiającego gospodarkę odpadami komunalnymi w krajach Unii Europejskiej warto przyjrzeć się niektórym aspektom funkcjonowania systemu brytyjskiego. W stosunkowo krótkim czasie nastąpiło tam wyraźne przewartościowanie podstawowych kierunków zagospodarowania odpadów.

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The analysis of the problem of handling with solid household waste

Sevcikova H.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Budownictwo / Politechnika Śląska

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2007

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z. 112

315-321

EN

The waste, his beginning and possibilities of disposal are one of the biggest problems of current society. The conception of waste disposal should solve not only reduction of waste production and provide their ecological disposal but also a little bit neglected transport of the waste. There are different ways how to transport garbage. The method used for transport depends on type of waste and of course on the way of its disposal. In this work will be introduced various ways of transporting solid waste from households and from residential area. The systems of waste handling are described with their advantages and disadvantages. The point of the paper is mainly to motivate readers to think about waste transport.

PL

Mnogość źródeł powstawania oraz możliwości utylizacji odpadów są obecnie jednym z największych problemów współczesnego społeczeństwa. Odpowiednia koncepcja utylizacji odpadów powinna być oparta nie tylko na redukcji ich produkcji oraz możliwościach naturalnego rozkładu, ale także uwzględniać odpowiednie metody ich transportu, co jest często zaniedbywane. Wyróżnić można różne rodzaje transportu śmieci. Zastosowana metoda zależy od rodzaju odpadów oraz oczywiście od sposobu ich utylizacji. W referacie zostaną przedstawione różne metody transportu odpadów stałych, powstałych w gospodarstwach domowych i obszarach mieszkalnych. Opisane zostały także systemy przeładunku odpadów wraz z ich wadami i zaletami. Głównym celem referatu jest wzbudzenie świadomości istotności doboru odpowiedniego rodzaju transportu odpadów.