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1

Elektrownia Jądrowa Cernavoda – rumuńskie doświadczenia z technologią CANDU

Nowicki Jacek

Energetyka

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2021

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nr 1

26--41

PL

W Rumunii pracuje jedyna na kontynencie europejskim Elektrownia Jądrowa Cernavoda (rum. Centrala Nucleară de la Cernavodă) wykorzystująca kanadyjską technologię reaktorów energetycznych CANDU 6. W reaktorach tego typu paliwem jest niewzbogacony uran, zaś chłodziwem i moderatorem ciężka woda. EJ Cernavoda pokrywa około 20% zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną w krajowym systemie elektroenergetycznym Rumunii, przyczyniając się do redukcji emisji CO2 o około 10 milionów ton rocznie. Obecnie w elektrowni pracują dwa bloki jądrowe, każdy o mocy elektrycznej 706 MW, uruchomione kolejno w latach 1996 i 2007. Pierwotne plany przewidywały budowę jeszcze trzech kolejnych jednostek, z których w przyszłości ostatecznie powstać mają jeszcze dwie. W artykule opisano historię powstania EJ Cernavoda i jej dotychczasową eksploatację. Obszernie scharakteryzowano kanadyjską technologię reaktorów energetycznych CANDU.

EN

Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant (Centrala Nucleară de la Cernavodă) in Romania – using the Canadian technology of power reactors CANDU 6 – is the only one of this type working on the European continent. In such reactors the fuel is natural uranium and heavy water works as the coolant and the moderator. NPP Cernavoda covers about 20% of electric energy demand in the Romanian national power system, contributing to the CO2 emission reduction by around 10 million tonnes per year. At present, there are two nuclear units (of 706 MW capacity each) working in the plant, commissioned in the years 1996 and 2007 respectively. It was originally planned to build three more units but finally it was decided to build only two in the future. Presented is the history of how the NPP Cernavoda originated and its up to now conducted operation. Described is extensively the Canadian technology of CANDU power reactors.

2

Content of selected heavy metals in water and riverbed sediments of the Utrata River

Wojtkowska M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 37, nr 3

55-62

EN

The results of study of heavy metals content in water, suspended solids and bottom sediments of the Útrata River have been presented. The highest concentrations were observed for the dissolved form of Pb (0.35 mg/dm 3). All heavy metals under investigation were present in suspended solids (over 90%). Remarkable amount have also been found in sediments [mg/kg] Zn - 174, Cu - 76, Pb - 49, and Cd - 2.5. Water extracts showed lower concentrations, while EDTA extraction was several times more efficient (over 26%).

3

Numerical study on extraction of tritium generated in HMR by way of system composed of EXEL-process and thermal diffusion column cascade

Shimizu M., Takeshita K.

Nukleonika

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2002

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Vol. 47,suppl.1

89-93

EN

A new tritium extraction system composed of a trickle-bed hydrogen/water isotopic exchange column using a hydrophobic Pt-catalyst combined with an SPE-water electrolyser (EXEL-process) and a thermal diffusion column cascade was proposed for the removal of tritium from heavy water irradiated in HMR ((Heavy Water Moderated Power Reactor), volume of heavy water = 140 m3 and mean neutron flux = 5×1013 n/cm2s). Numerical study on the extraction of tritium from the heavy water was carried out and the dimensions of proposed system were determined under the conditions that the concentration of tritium in the heavy water was kept less than 2.5 Ci/lHW. The calculation results indicated that the proposed system was designed practically.