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1

Linia wody – szczególne miejsce arenalu południowego Bałtyku dla wolnożyjących nicieni

Taberska A., Rokicka-Praxmajer J.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 1

9--18

PL

Praca przedstawia charakterystykę strukturalną i funkcjonalną zespołów nematofauny, zasiedlających osady na linii wody w południowym Bałtyku. Wolnożyjące nicienie oznaczono do rodzaju oraz określono ich strukturę troficzną. Zagęszczenie nematofauny na badanych stanowiskach wahało się od 10,52 ± 9,82 osob./10 cm2 do 124,49 ± 76,39 osob./10 cm2. Najliczniej występowały nicienie z rodzaju Ascolaimus, stanowiąc od ok. 45% do 74% całkowitej liczebności nematofauny. Łącznie w okresie badań stwierdzono nematofaunę należącą do 7 rodzajów. Za zasadniczy element nematofauny zasiedlającej osady na linii wody uznano nicienie z rodzajów: Ascolaimus, Axonolaimus, Enoplolaimus i Daptonema. Pod względem funkcjonalnym dominowali nieselektywni osadożercy, osobniki z nieuzbrojoną torebką gębową, reprezentowane przez nicienie z rodzajów: Ascolaimus, Axonolaimus, Theristus i Daptonema.

EN

This paper presents the structural and functional characteristics of nematofauna assemblages inhabiting the sediments along the water line in the southern Baltic Sea. The nematodes were identified to the genus level and assigned to appropriate trophic group. The density of free-living nematoda varied from 10.52 ± 9.82 ind./10 cm2 to 124.49 ± 76.39 ind./10 cm2. Ascolaimus was the most abundantly represented genus, accounting for from 45% to 74% of the total number of nematofauna. A total of 7 nematode genera were identified. Ascolaimus, Axonolaimus, Enoplolaimus and Daptonema were considered essential elements of nematofauna. In terms of functionality, non-selective deposit feeders were predominant, individuals with unarmed buccal cavity, represented by nematodes of the genera Ascolaimus, Axonolaimus, Theristus and Daptonema.

2

Ground-Active Arthropod Recovery in Response to Size of Shrub Plantations in a Desertified Grassland Ecosystem

Liu R., Liu J., Zhao J., Xi W., Yang Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

410--422

EN

The ground-active arthropod diversity response to size of shrub plantations in desertified grassland ecosystems is largely unknown. In the study ground-active arthropods were collected by pitfall trapping beneath shrub canopy of very low, low, medium and high size, with adjacent mobile sandy land as a control. It was found that arthropod dominant taxa from mobile sandy land were significantly distinctive from those from plantations of different shrub size. A considerably lower Sørensen index (i.e., 0.25-0.48) was found between the arthropod communities from mobile sandy land and the canopy of either shrub size, than between those under low and medium/high shrub size (i.e., 0.62 to 0.69). The arthropod total abundance was significantly greater under the shrub canopy of very low size in comparison to that of low and medium shrub size and mobile sandy land, with the intermediate values under shrub canopy of high shrub size. Taxon richness and diversity of arthropod communities were distinctly lower under the shrub canopy of low size in comparison to very low, medium and high shrub size. The shrub size was found to have different effects on the density and richness distribution of arthropod trophic groups (i.e., predators, phytophagous, saprophagous, and omnivorous). It was concluded that shrub plantations could facilitate ground-active arthropod diversity recovery when they were afforested in mobile sandy land. There was a contrasting effect of shrub size on ground-active arthropod diversity recovery versus arthropod abundance when grazing was excluded.

3

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in topsoil and soil invertebrates from the Niepolomice Forest

Chrzan A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2016

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Vol. 23, nr 3

347--355

EN

The purpose of the research was to determine the respective contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu) in soil and extracted soil fauna in humid mixed coniferous forest (MHCF), fresh mixed coniferous forest (MFCF) and in fresh mixed forest (MFF) of Niepolomice Forest. The contents of heavy metals varied, depending on the forest type and trophic group. The highest values of cadmium, lead, and copper content were recorded in MFCF, while of nickel in MHCF. Analysis of variance and post-hoc Tuckey’s showed significant differences between the concentrations of Zn and other metals in invertebrates in different types of forest habitats. Bioconcentration factor shows that both soil saprophages and predacious invertebrates accumulated the largest amounts of Cd and smaller amounts of Zn, while the accumulation of remaining metals depended on the type of forest habitat. In fresh mixed coniferous forest predators accumulated heavy metals in the following order: Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu, in the case of saprohages it was: Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb.

PL

Celem badań było określenie zawartość metali ciężkich (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn i Cu) w glebie i wyekstrahowanej faunie glebowej w trzech typach siedliskowych lasu w Puszczy Niepołomickiej – w lesie mieszanym wilgotnym, borze mieszanym świeżym i borze mieszanym wilgotnym. Zawartość metali ciężkich uzależniona była od typu lasu i grupy troficznej. Najwieksze wartości kadmu, ołowiu i miedzi odnotowano w glebie w borze mieszanym świeżym BMśw, a niklu w borze mieszanym wilgotnym BMw. Wskaźnik biokoncentracji wskazuje, że zarówno saprofagi i drapieżne bezkręgowce glebowe w największej ilości kumulowały Cd, w mniejszej Zn, natomiast pozostałe metale kumulowane były w zależności od typu siedliskowego lasu. W borze mieszanym świeżym drapieżne kumulowały metale w kolejności Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu, a saprofagi Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb.

4

Bioakumulacja metali ciężkich w faunie glebowej w Puszczy Niepołomickiej

Chrzan A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2014

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Vol. 8, No. 2

481--487

PL

Celem badań było określenie zawartość metali ciężkich (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn i Cu) w glebie i wyekstrahowanej faunie glebowej w dwóch typach siedliskowych lasów w Puszczy Niepołomickiej, odległej o 20 km na wschód od centrum Krakowa. Próbki glebowe pobierano w III klasie wiekowej każdego typu drzewostanu obejmującą drzewa w wieku od 41 do 60 lat. Zbadano również liczebność i strukturę troficzną zespołów pedofauny. Zawartość metali ciężkich uzależniona była od typu lasu i grupy troficznej. Najwyższe wartości kadmu, ołowiu i miedzi odnotowano w glebie w borze mieszanym świeżym (BMśw), a niklu w borze mieszanym wilgotnym (BMw). Wskaźnik biokoncentracji wskazuje, że zarówno saprofagi, jak i drapieżne bezkręgowce glebowe w największej ilości kumulowały Cd, w mniejszej Zn, natomiast pozostałe metale kumulowane były w zależności od typu siedliskowego lasu. W borze mieszanym świeżym drapieżce kumulowały metale w kolejności Cd>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu, a saprofagi Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb.

EN

The purpose of the research was to determine the respective contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu) in soil and extracted soil fauna in two types of forest habitats of Niepolomice Forest distant about 20 km east of the Krakow centre. Soil samples were taken during autumn of 2011-2012 vegetation season in two stands of age category III (41 to 60 years). Also tested was the trophic structure of pedofauna assemblages. The contents of heavy metals varied, depending on the forest type and trophic group. The highest values of cadmium, lead, and copper content were recorded in fresh mixed broadleaved forest MFBF, while of nickel in moisture mixed coniferous forest MHCF. Bioconcentration factor shows that both soil saprophages and predacious invertebrates accumulated the largest amounts of Cd and smaller amounts of Zn, while the accumulation of remaining metals depended on the type of forest habitat. In fresh mixed coniferous forest predators accumulated heavy metals in the following order: Cd>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu, in the case of saprophages it was: Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb.

5

Nematode communities along the transect shelterbelt - ecotone - crop field

Dmowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

665-680

EN

The study was carried out in western Poland (Turew region) in two shelterbelts of different age (the younger - 6 years old and the older - 11 years old) planted cross croplands, in adjacent field and in the field located in deforested area (control field). Soil samples were taken twice: in the autumn and spring from the centre of each shelterbelt, from the ecotone, and in the field at a distance of 15 and 50 m from the edge of the shelterbelts. The density of nematode communities fluctuated unpredictably, in autumn it was very low and ranged from 276 to 641 x 10[^3] in spring it ranged from 388 to 1931 x 10[^3] individuals per 1 m[^2]. Most numerous trophic groups were: bacterivores, fungivores and obligate plant feeders, while facultative plant feeders, omnivores and predators achieved low level. The abundance of predators in older shelterbelt was significantly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) higher than that in the younger one and decreased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the field. The communities in shelterbelt and its ecotone were more diverse, which was reflected by the higher number of genera (19-31) and higher values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index H'(3.3 - 4.0), than those in the fields where the number of genera ranged from 15 to 25 and Shannon-Wiener diversity index H' ranged from 2.5 to 3.5. In the younger shelterbelt and in the control field the soil food-web assessed with indices derived from analysis of nematode communities was considered as composed mainly of basal components, i.e. cosmopolitan species feeding on bacteria and fungi occurring everywhere even in degraded environments. While the web in older shelterbelt was consisted mainly of enrichment components, i.e. bacteria feeding species of very short life cycle, with high food requirements which occur in the environment rich in bacteria. The values of Channel Index which informs about the predominant pathway of decomposition (through bacteria or fungi) showed that in majority of sites bacterial processes predominated. Only in the older shelterbelt the participation of fungal decomposition channel was higher (>50%) and increased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the centre of the field. The results of Correspondence Analysis showed that first two axis explained 40.3% of the variance. The generic composition of nematode communities in the 11 years old shelterbelt differed from that in the 6-years old shelterbelt. Nematode communities inhabiting the ecotone of younger shelterbelt were very similar to the communities in the shelterbelt, while the communities in ecotone of older shelterbelt differed from those in the shelterbelts. Nematode communities inhabiting the control field were similar to those inhabiting the field adjacent to younger shelterbelt.

6

Content of heavy metals in bodies of field ground beetles (Coleoptera, carabidae) with respect to selected ecological factors

Purchart L., Kula E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 2

305-314

EN

The concentration of heavy metals in the bodies of invertebrates is dependent on their physiological equipment and prevalent environmental factors. To verify the effect of some of these factors on the content of metals (Pb, Cd, In, Cu, Mn) we analysed and then tested (using RDA, t-test) ten species of field ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). A significant effect of Cu and Cd was discovered in terms of the sex; the males accumulated more Cu (27.520 mg kg[^-1]) than females (18.297 mg kg[^-1]) (P <0.01), which, on the contrary, accumulated more Cd (1.495 mg kg[^-1]) than males (0.663 mg kg[^-1]) (P <0.02). The content of all the metals differed significantly (P <0.03) according to the species, unambiguously showing species-specific models of accumulation. The effect of the feeding ecology was evident only on the essential elements; carnivores (Zn - 222.596 mg kg[^-1], Cu - 27.211 mg kg[^-1], Mn - 71.929 mg kg[^-1]) had a significantly (P <0.03) higher contents than omnivores (Zn - 168.198 mg kg[^-1], Cu - 21.116 mg kg[^-1], Mn - 58.452 mg kg[^-1]). Although there were differences (P <0.01) in the concentrations of Zn and Cu between the spring (Zn -163.749 mg kg[^-1], Cu - 19.998 mg kg[^-1]1) and autumn (Zn - 202.373 mg kg[^-1], Cu - 25.496 mg kg[^-1]) species, the effect of the type of reproduction is considered to be only partial. At the same time the time of sampling affected the Zn and Mn (P <0.02) content. An important positive correlation was determined between the contents of Cu-Zn, Mn-Zn and Mn-Cu.