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1

Annual, seasonal and spatial differences in the growth rate of Baltic cod larvae and early juveniles in relation to zooplankton biomass fluctuations in 2006-2014

Spich Katarzyna, Fey Dariusz Piotr

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 4

399--419

EN

It is an acknowledged theory that a faster growth rate, determined by various environmental drivers, may boost the survival of larval and juvenile fish. In this study we examined the differences in the growth rate of larval and juvenile cod (age 2 – 136 d; SL: 4.1 – 39.2 mm) between the years 2006 and 2014, sub-areas of the Baltic Sea (Bornholm Basin, BB; Słupsk Furrow, SF; Gdansk Basin, GB), and seasons (spring and summer). The average growth rate for all specimens was 0.25 mm/d, with significantly lower values between 2012 and 2014 than between 2006 and 2011. A reduction in zooplankton biomass, especially the large zooplankton fraction, was observed after the 2006–2008 period, which was related to the prevailing temperature conditions in the surface layers. The reduction in zooplankton biomass was accompanied by changes in the structure of zooplankton: less T. longicornis, C. hamatus, and Pseudocalanus spp., and more Acartia spp. The results suggest that the inter-annual differences observed in zooplankton biomass and structure are likely responsible for the observed reduction in the growth rate of cod larvae between 2012 and 2014 compared to the years between 2006 and 2011. The growth rate reduction could be one of the reasons for the decline in the recruitment of eastern Baltic cod between the years 2013 and 2015, after the high recruitment years of the period 2011-2012.

2

Assessment of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal efficiency from different types of wastewater using microalgae cultures

Nezbrytska Inna, Shamanskyi Sergii, Pavliukh Lesia, Kharchenko Galina

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 1

45--52

EN

The efficiency of ammonium nitrogen (N-NH4+) and phosphate (P-PO43-) removal from wastewater with different loads of these nutrients was evaluated using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Сhlоrорhуtа) and Oscillatoria neglecta (Суаnорhуtа/Cyanoprokaryota). In addition, functional characteristics of the microalgae under the studied conditions were determined. It was demonstrated that Ch. reinhardtii is resistant to a wide range of concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Microalgae actively participate in the removal of N-NH4+ from wastewater (removal efficiency of 49–63%, depending on the initial concentration). At the same time, Ch. reinhardtii showed low levels of P-PO43- removal (7-18%) from the aquatic environment. O. neglecta, unlike Ch. reinhardtii, is sensitive to excessively high concentrations of N-NH4+ (90-140 mg l−1) and P-PO43- (26-90 mg l−1). However, it is characterized by high removal efficiency for both forms of nitrogen (60–61%) and phosphorus (43–55%) at their initial concentrations of 30–50 mg l-1 and 7–14 mg l-1, respectively. Therefore, O. neglecta is best suited for use in wastewater post-treatment

3

Reducing Nitrate and Phosphate Concentrations in Shrimp Wastewater Aquaculture Using Gelidium corneum

Indraswari Nabila, Adharini Ratih Ida

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

137--144

EN

Shrimp culture wastewater contains residual feed and shrimp metabolism. Shrimp wastewater if not managed properly will be harmful to the long term viability of the farming itself and threatens environmental sustainability. This study aims to determine the potential and effectiveness of Gelidium corneum with different densities as a biofilter for vaname shrimp culture waste. This study used a completely randomized design method consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications using different density treatments, namely T1 (1 gL-1); T2 (2 gL-1); and T3 (3 gL-1) in an aquarium volume of 30 L. The parameters observed included the concentration of nitrate, phosphate, temperature, TDS, TSS, salinity, DO, pH. Absorption effectiveness and growth of G. corneum were measured at the beginning and end of the study. G. corneum is able to reduce the concentration of phosphate in water is higher than lowering the content of nitrate. G. corneum with a density of 1 gL-1 showed the best performance in absorbing nitrate by 8% on day 15. While the 2 gL-1 treatment was able to reduce the phosphate concentration by 92% in 25 days. Absorption of Total Nitrogen content in the thallus obtained in the treatment of 2 gL-1 was 32% and total phosphate was 58% for 25 days. Therefore G. corneum can be used as a candidate for commodity in Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA).

4

U-Th ages and facies properties of Edremit travertines and tufas, Van, Eastern Anatolia : implications for the neotectonics of the region

Yeşilova Çetin, Güngör Yeşilova Pelin, Açlan Mustafa, Yu Tsai-Luen, Shen Chuan-Chou

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 28

EN

Travertine formation is one of the most important archives of active tectonics in a region and provides information about climate, water temperature and quantity, and biological activity. The Edremit travertines and tufas extend over nearly 160 km2 within the boundaries of the Edremit area to the east of Lake Van (eastern Turkey), and yield important evidence towards understanding the neotectonics of the region. The Edremit travertines and tufas were studied throughout their full stratigraphic extent, the factors controlling the formation of these deposits were examined, and the succession was sampled for U/Th analysis. Travertine formation was found to occur from 542-29.7 ka, with two different tufa formation periods: from 29.7-5.8 ka and 5.8-2.08 ka. Pauses in travertine formation (palaeosols) were identified from 510-470 ka, 289-269 ka and 91-34 ka. Our study showed that climate parameters affected the formation of tufa, while the Edremit travertines developed under the control of tectonism. The Van Fault is directly associated with travertine development and its age was identified as 542 ka or older. Since the Gürpιnar Fault, one of the most important faults in the region, is effective in shaping the southern slope of the travertines and limiting the movement of the Van Fault, its age should be younger than 542.4 ka. The Elmalιk Fault played an active role in the formation of the Edremit tufas and is proposed to be 29.7 ka in age, from stratigraphic relationships in the region.

5

First data of age, condition, growth rate and diet of invasive Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) in the Pomeranian Bay, Poland

Rybczyk Agnieszka, Czerniejewski Przemysław, Keszka Sławomir, Janowicz Mariola, Brysiewicz Adam, Wawrzyniak Wawrzyniec

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 47

142--149

EN

Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)) is an invasive species in the Oder River. In this study, age of 147 fish was determined using scales and otoliths, and the Fraser-Lee back-calculation method was used for population structure and theoretical length growth rates with 3 mathematical models of growth: von Bertalanffy, Ford–Walford and 2nd degree polynomial. Fish condition was determined using Fulton, Le Cren and Clark equations. Average total length and weight of fish was 162.00 mm and 83.00 g, respectively. Males were more abundant than females, representing 70% of the fish caught, and achieved greater total lengths and weights. Age 2+ dominated females and 3+ males age groups. Of the three mathematical models used to estimate fish growth, the 2nd degree polynomial model had the best fit to back-calculated lengths. Males had slightly higher growth rates than females in the first two years of life but comparable in subsequent years. The diet consisted of various benthic organisms that varied with fish age. The most frequently occurring food component was Dreissena polymorpha, which accounted for approximately 70% in the diet of fish with a body length greater than 191 mm.

6

Nutritional value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) harvested in different maturity stages

Wróbel Barbara, Zielewicz Waldemar

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 64, nr 4

14--19

EN

During the years 2014-2015, herbage samples of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) variety Chlumecky and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) variety Leo were harvested at weekly intervals on 9 occasions from late April to late June. Effects of legume plant species and date of harvest on crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (ADL) and dry matter digestibility (DDM) were studied. Regardless of the date of harvest birdsfoot trefoil contained more crude protein, NDF and ADF fraction than red clover. Red clover contained more WSC. Crude protein concentration and DDM declined and WSC, NDF, ADF and ADL increased with advancing maturity of both legume species. But the rate of NDF increase with maturity in red clover was slower.

PL

W latach 2014-2015, co tydzień, dziewięciokrotnie, od końca kwietnia do końca czerwca, pobierano próbki roślin dwóch gatunków: koniczyny łąkowej (Trifolium pratense L.) odmiany Chlumecky i komonicy zwyczajnej (Lotus corniculatus L.) odmiany Leo. Badano wpływ gatunku rośliny bobowatej i terminu zbioru na zawartość białka ogólnego (CP), cukrów rozpuszczalnych (WSC), neutralnego włókna detergentowego (NDF), kwaśnego włókna detergentowego (ADF), lignin (ADL) i strawność suchej masy (DDM). Niezależnie od terminu zbioru komonica zwyczajna zawierała więcej białka ogólnego oraz frakcji włókna NDF i ADF niż koniczyna łąkowa. Koniczyna łąkowa zawierała więcej cukrów rozpuszczalnych. Wraz z postępem faz rozwojowych obu gatunków roślin zawartość białka ogólnego i strawność suchej masy malała, a zawartość WSC, NDF, ADF i ADL rosła. Jednak tempo wzrostu zawartości NDF w koniczynie łąkowej było mniejsze.

7

Studies on Pesticides Mixture Degradation by White Rot Fungi

Gouma Sofia, Papadaki Anastasia A., Markakis George, Magan Naresh, Goumas Dimitris

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 2

16--26

EN

The capacity of five white rot fungi species to degrade linuron, metribuzin and chlorpyrifos when applied both as single pesticides and mixed together in different concentrations on nutritionally poor media was investigated. Our results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus coccineus, Phlebiopsis gigatea and Τrametes versicolor showed a remarkable tolerance to the pesticides, in all media tested. The EC50 values presented a noticeable difference in the mixtures as compared with the individual ones. The minimum growth rate in the mixture was obtained by P. ostreatus whereas P. coccineus appeared to be more efficient than the rest fungal isolates, when cultivated in the soil extract medium. P. coccineus, P. gigantea and T. versicolor produce high levels of polyphenol oxidase, but only T. versicolor was capable of decomposing linuron when combined with metribuzin and chlorpyrifos.

8

The Continuous Growth of Bulk Si by Temperature Gradient Zone Melting Method

Li Jiayan, Wang Liang, Hao Jianjie, Ni Ping, Tan Yi

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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Vol. 64, iss. 1

271--278

EN

Temperature gradient zone melting (TGZM) method was used to obtain bulk Si continuously for the efficient separation and purification of primary Si from the Si-Al alloy in this work. The effects of alloy thickness, temperature gradient and holding time in TGZM purification technology were investigated. Finally, the continuous growth of bulk Si without eutectic inclusions was obtained. The results showed that the growth rate of bulk Si was independent of the liquid zone thickness. When the temperature gradient was changed from 2.48 K/mm to 3.97 K/mm, the growth rate of bulk Si was enhanced from 7.9×10-5 mm/s to 2.47×10-4 mm/s, which was increased by about 3 times. The bulk Si could grow continuously and the growth rate was decreased with the increase of holding time from 1 h to 5 h. Meanwhile, low refining temperature was beneficial to the removal of impurities. With a precipitation temperature of 1460 K and a temperature gradient of 2.48 K/mm, the removal rates of Fe, P and B were 99.8%, 94.0% and 63.6%, respectively.

9

Management and Marketing in Tourism – Prospective Development of the Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava

Matuskova S., Pawliczek A., Cervinka M.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2018

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R. 20, nr 2

207--212

EN

The paper deals with the prospective development of the Leoš Janaček Airport Ostrava. Three scenario variants have been taken into account concerning the expected growth rate increases for the passenger throughput figures predicted up to the year 2020. The scenario variant developments were subject of modelling based on growth rate averages calculated from the empirical data of the period 1998–2013.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono perspektywy rozwoju lotniska im. Leoša Janačka w Ostrawie. Uwzględniono trzy scenariusze rozwoju o różnych oczekiwanych stopach wzrostu ilości pasażerów. Warianty scenariuszy były przedmiotem modelowania opartego na średnich stopach wzrostu obliczonych na bazie danych z lat 1998–2013.

10

The effect of the magnetic field on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a couple-stress fluid

Chavaraddi K. B., Awati V. B., Nandeppanavar M. M., Gouder P. M.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 23, no. 3

611--622

EN

In this study we examine the effect of the magnetic field parameter on the growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in a couple stress fluids. A simple theory based on fully developed flow approximations is used to derive the dispersion relation for the growth rate of the RTI. The general dispersion relation obtained using perturbation equations with appropriate boundary conditions will be reduced for the special cases of propagation and the condition of instability and stability will be obtained. In solving the problem of the R-T instability the appropriate boundary conditions will be applied. The couple-stress parameter is found to be stabilizing and the influence of the various parameters involved in the problem on the interface stability is thoroughly analyzed. The new results will be obtained by plotting the curves between the dimensionless growth rate and the dimensionless wave number for various physical parameters involved in the problem (viz. the magnetic field, couple-stress, porosity, etc.) in the problem. It is found that the magnetic field and couple-stress have a stabilization effect whereas the buoyancy force (surface tension) has a destabilization effect on the RT instability in the presence of porous media.

11

Stem quality of Quercus cerris trees from Kosovo for the sawmilling industry

Bajrakatri A., Pimenta R., Pinto T., Miranda I., Knapic S., Nunes L., Pereira H.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2018

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vol. 61, nr 201

57--69

EN

Quercus cerris is an important species in the forests of Kosovo with a potential high economic value, although there is little information on the stem quality for the saw-milling industry. This study brings data on wood properties, particularly on heartwood, sapwood and bark development within Q. cerris trees grown in two sites in Kosovo, where mature trees were felled, and discs taken at different stem height levels. The average radial growth rate was 1.21 and 1.76 mm yr-1 for both sites. Heartwood decreased from the tree base upwards with a proportion of 53% and 43% until 5 m of height in the two sites. The radial width of sapwood was higher at the stem base (on average 44 mm) and afterwards approximately constant at 32 mm. The taper was low at an average 3.3 mm m-1 between 3.3 and 7.3 m of height. Bark represented on average 16.4% of the total stem cross-section and contained a substantial proportion of rhytidome (51% of the total bark area proportion at stem base and 41% at 9.3 m). Q. cerris in Kosovo showed good potential as a timber species for the supply of stem wood to the saw-milling industry, allowing good yields of heartwood-only sawn wood components. The bark should also be considered for complementary valorization.

12

Temperature Effect on the Growth Rate and Physical Characteristics of SnO2 Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition

Kim D., Kim D. H., Riu D.-H., Choi B. J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 2

1061--1064

EN

Among the various thin film coating techniques, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has features of good controllability of the thickness, excellent step-coverage in 3-dimensional object even in the sub-nm thickness range at the relatively low deposition temperature. In this study, SnO2 thin films were grown by ALD in the variation of substrate temperatures from 150 to 250°C. Even such a low temperature may influence on the growth kinetics of the ALD reaction and thus the physical characteristics of thin films, such as crystallinity, film density and optical band gap, etc. We observed the decrease of the growth rate with increasing substrate temperature, at the same time, the density of the film was decreased with increasing temperature. Steric hindrance effect of the precursor molecule was attributed to the inverse relationship of the growth temperature and growth rate as well as the film density. Optical indirect band gap energy (~3.6 eV) of the ALD-grown amorphous SnO2 films grown at 150°C was similar with that of the literature value, while slightly lower band gap energy (~3.4 eV) was acquired at the films grown at higher temperature.

13

Interpopulation Variation in Growth and Life-History Traits of the Non-Native Juvenile Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758), in Cooling Water of a Power Plant in the Lower Stretch of the Oder River, Poland

Domagała J., Czerniejewski P., Pilecka-Rapacz M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2017

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Tom 19

96--121

EN

Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, Linnaeus (1758) is a non-native fish species, which the largest population in Poland inhabits warm canal of a “Dolna Odra” Power Plant. Until now, the growth in length and weight and changes the gonad’s maturity of adults individual of this species were carried out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high water temperature on the seasonal changes in the length, weight, condition, and the number of sclerites, with particular emphasis on length (S0) at which in this species the scales start forming. The research material included 341 pumpkinseed individuals in age 0+ (305 ind.) and 1+ (36 ind.) caught during monthly catches (electrofishing). The fish was weighted (W, g) to the nearest 0.1 g, measured (TL, SL, mm) and their conditions was determined by the coefficient Fulton (K). In addition, number of sclerites (S) on scales and the time of setting up the annual ring were determinated. The biggest monthly increases in mean length - SL (more than 0.5 cm/month) and increases of mean weight W (above 0.7 g / month) in the fish were recorded in the months of highest thermals water (July, August) (ANOVA, p <0.001). The decrease of water temperature in the warm channel in the autumn and winter months, resulted in reduction of monthly growth of fish. Analysis of regression between length (SL) and the length of the scale radius (Po) took the form of a linear function: SL = 1.5813 + 3.1424 * Po (R = 0.91029, p = 0.0000) and showed that the length at which in this species the scales start forming is 1,58cm. Number of sclerites (S) on scales of juvenile pumpkinseed has grown at an annual cycle of 8.20 ± 0.78 (in June) to 27.37 ± 5.18 (in May of the following year). In April and May the fish were recorded already formed on scales a year ring and respectively 1.38 ± 0.55 and 3.40 ± 1.02 sclerites of the second year of life. Moreover, the number of sclerites (S) on pumpkinseed’s scales proportionally increased to the length of this species according to the formula: S = -0.8441 + 5.0880 * SL (R = 0.95682, p <0.001).

PL

Bass słoneczny Lepomis gibbosus, Linnaeus (1758) jest gatunkiem nierodzimym, którego najliczniejsza populacja w Polsce zasiedla kanał ciepły elektrowni "Dolna Odra". Dotychczas na osobnikach dorosłych tego gatunku przeprowadzono analizy wzrostu długości i masy oraz zmian dojrzałości gonad. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena wpływu podwyższonej termiki wody na wielkość sezonowych zmian długości, masy i kondycji oraz liczby sklerytów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem długości (S0) przy której zakłada się łuska. Materiał do badań stanowiły osobniki młodociane w wieku 0+ (305 szt.) i 1+ (36 sztuk.) złowione podczas prowadzenia comiesięcznych elektropołowów. Ryby ważono (W, g) z dokładnością do 0,1g, zmierzono (TL, SL, mm) oraz określano ich kondycje za pomocą współczynnika Fultona (K). Ponadto na łuskach oszacowano liczbę sklerytów oraz termin zawiązywania się pierścienia rocznego. Największe miesięczne przyrosty długości SL (powyżej 0,5cm/miesiąc) oraz masy jednostkowej W (powyżej 0,7 g/miesiąc) u badanych ryb zanotowano w miesiącach o najwyższej termice wody (lipiec, sierpień) (ANOVA, p<0,001). Spadek temperatury wody w kanale ciepłym, w miesiącach jesienno- zimowych, powodował zmniejszanie się przyrostów miesięcznych ryb. Analiza regresji pomiędzy długością (SL) a długością promienia oralnego łuski (Po) przybrała postać funkcji liniowej: SL = 1,5813 + 3,1424*Po (R = 0,91029, p = 0,0000) i wykazała, iż długość przy której zakłada sie łuska u tego gatunku wynosi 1,58cm. Liczba sklerytów (S) na łuskach młodocianego bassa slonecznego wzrastała w cyklu rocznym od 8,20 szt. ±0,78 (w czerwcu) do 27,37 szt. ±5,18 (w maju następnego roku). W kwietniu i w maju u ryb zanotowano założony już pierścień roczny i odpowiednio średnio 1,38 szt. ±0,55 oraz 3,40 szt. ±1,02 sklerytów drugiego roku życia. Ponadto stwierdzono, że liczba sklerytów (S) na łusce bassa słonecznego rośnie proporcjonalnie do wzrostu długości tego gatunku zgodnie ze wzorem: S = -0,8441 + 5,0880*SL (R = 0,95682, p<0,001).

14

Biological characteristics of spawning population of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) from Lake Chłop (Międzyrzecz District)

Golski J., Runowski S., Grzelak M., Andrzejewski W., Mazurkiewicz J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 62, nr 3

117--123

EN

Results presented in this study were collected within the framework of a project aiming at the determination of potential for vendace colonisation and production in lakes of western Poland and as such they are a continuation of previously published studies. The objective of studies carried out in 2011 was to investigate the most important biological traits of the population of the vendace from Lake Chłop lying in the Lubuskie Lakeland and to compare the results to the literature data, including those from the previously described Lake Śremskie. To achieve the objective of the research the following parameters were studied: sex structure, growth rate, fish condition, fertility as well as biometric and meristic traits of the studied vendance. At the same time, the most important physicochemical water indices were determined to provide a characteristic of the environmental conditions. The status of water was classified as moderate, with the deterioration of the water status caused by the low oxygen saturation of the hypolimnion and high contents of chlorophyll a. The vendace from the investigated water body may be classified to the fish group of very good growth rate and condition, only slightly inferior to the vendace from Lake Śremskie. In the third year of life this species reaches on average the total length of 22.0 cm, while Fulton’s index of fish condition ranged from 0.68 to 1.10 with a mean value of 0.82. We need to stress here markedly lower fecundity of the vendace population from Lake Chłop in comparison to the population from Lake Śremskie. Considering the quantitative traits, the fish population of Lake Chłop differs non-significantly regarding the body depth in the populations with a good growth rate described by Bernatowicz. The meristic traits of the studied population do not significantly deviate from the values reported by other researchers, except for filtration processes.

PL

Przedstawione w pracy wyniki zgromadzono w ramach projektu, mającego na celu rozpoznanie możliwości bytowania i produkcji sielawy w jeziorach zachodniej Polski, są zatem kontynuacją opublikowanych wcześniej badań. Celem przeprowadzonych w 2011 roku badań było poznanie najważniejszych parametrów biologicznych populacji sielawy z jeziora Chłop, leżącego na Pojezierzu Lubuskim oraz porównanie uzyskanych wyników do danych literaturowych, w tym do wyników z opisywanego wcześniej jeziora Śremskiego. Aby zrealizować cel badań określono strukturę płci, wiek, tempo wzrostu, kondycję, płodność, a także cechy populacyjne (mierzalne i policzalne) badanych sielaw. Równocześnie oznaczono najważ- niejsze wskaźniki fizykochemiczne oraz biologiczne wody, pozwalające scharakteryzować warunki środowiskowe. Stan ekologiczny wód jeziora uznano jako umiarkowany, parametrami zaniżającymi ocenę były niskie nasycenie hypolimnionu tlenem oraz wysoka zawartość chlorofilu a. Sielawa z badanego zbiornika należy do grupy o bardzo dobrym wzroście i kondycji, nieznacznie tylko ustępując sielawie z jeziora Śremskiego. W trzecim roku życia osiąga średnio 22,0 cm długości całkowitej, wartość wskaźnika kondycji Fultona dla całej próby wahała się od 0,68 do 1,1, przy średniej 0,82. Uwagę zwraca znacznie niższa płodność sielawy z jeziora Chłop, w stosunku do populacji z jeziora Śremskiego. Pod względem cech mierzalnych badana populacja nieznacznie różni się pod względem wygrzbiecenia od innych populacji o bardzo dobrym wzroście, opisanych przez Bernatowicza. Cechy policzalne badanej populacji nie odstają od wartości podanych przez innych badaczy, z wyjątkiem liczby wyrostków filtracyjnych.

15

Application of a Logistic Function to Describe the Growth of Fodder Galega

Rymuza K., Bombik A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 1

125--131

EN

It was attempted in the paper to describe the growth of oriental goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) growth by means of a logistic function. The studies demonstrated that the function describes empirical data well as the coefficients of determination obtained ranged between 97 to 98%, depending on the growing season. The estimated function parameters indicate that both the plant height and growth rate were conditioned by thermal conditions and moisture during the growing season. Plants had the longest stems in the year 2010 (127.9 cm), and the shortest in 2008 (105.9 cm). The maximum growth rate ranged from 2.12 to 3.97 cm per day in, respectively, 2009 and 2008. Also the inflection point, the point at which plants grew the fastest, depended on the conditions of the growing season.

16

Mode I and mode II fatigue crack growth resistance characteristics of high tempered 65G steel

Lenkovskiy T. M., Kulyk V. V., Duriagina Z. A., Kovalchuk R. A., Topilnytskyy V. H., Vira V. V., Tepla T. L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 84, nr 1

34--41

EN

Purpose: To investigate the fatigue crack growth at normal tension and transverse shear of 65G steel with the high tempered martensite microstructure and to build an appropriate fatigue crack growth rate curves. To determine the main and auxiliary fatigue crack growth resistance characteristics, which are necessary for machine parts life-time estimation at rolling contact fatigue conditions. Design/methodology/approach: For determination of fatigue crack growth resistance at normal tension a standard compact specimens with edge crack were tested using a hydraulic testing machine and fatigue testing at transverse shear were performed on the I-beam specimens with the edge longitudinal crack using the original testing setup. For crack growth measurement an optical cathetometer B-630 was used. The crack growth rate V was calculated as crack length increment during loading cycles. The stress intensity factor range K was determined by dependence "K = (1 – R)Kmax accordingly to the standard test methods. To establish crack faces friction factor at transverse shear fragments of fractured beam specimen containing crack faces were cut out and tested as a friction pair according to Amontons Coulomb's law. On the base of test results the fatigue crack growth rate curves in logarithmic coordinates "K vs. V were built. These graphical dependencies for normal tension and transverse shear were used for determination of fatigue crack growth resistance characteristics: fatigue threshold "Kth, fracture toughness "Kfc, "K1-2 and "K2-3 which indicates the beginning and the end of middle-amplitude region of curve, "K*, parameters C and n of Paris’s equation. Metallographic and fractographic analyses were performed on the scanning electronic microscope Zeiss EVO 40XVP. Findings: Empirical dependences of the stress intensity factor range on fatigue crack growth rate at normal tension and transverse shear of 65G steel with the high tempered martensite microstructure are obtained. Based on these graphical dependencies the fatigue thresholds and fracture toughness as well as the parameters of Paris’s equation are determined. Research limitations/implications: The fatigue crack growth on 65G steel under low-, medium- and high-amplitude cyclic loading at normal tension and transverse shear was investigated. The fatigue crack growth rate values for a wide range of stress intensity factor are estimated. On the base of fractographical analysis the features of fracture of high tempered martensite in 65G steel at transverse shear are studied. It is shown that the transverse shear crack faces friction factor for high tempered martensite structure is less than for low tempered martensite. Practical implications: Using the fatigue crack growth resistance characteristics of 65G steel at normal tension and transverse shear and related fatigue crack growth rate curves it is possible to predict the life-time of machine parts made of steels with high tempered martensite structure, working at rolling contact fatigue conditions. Originality/value: Complete fatigue crack growth rate curves of 65G steel with tempered martensite structure at normal tension and transverse shear are built and the fatigue crack growth resistance characteristics for both modes of fracture are determined for the first time.

17

Growth Rate, Age and Size Structure of the Alien Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758) Population from a Heated-water Discharge Canal of a Power Plant in the Lower Stretch of the Oder River, Poland

Domagała J., Czerniejewski P., Pilecka-Rapacz M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2016

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Tom 18, cz. 1

273--290

EN

In 2010-2013, 1077 pumpkinseed individuals were caught using an electric pulse device and subjected to population studies aimed to determine their sex, length and age structure, as well as biological studies assessing fish growth rate and condition. Moreover, an annual cycle of seasonal changes in these parameters was demonstrated. In the sex structure of the population, males prevailed over females, constituting 57.38% and 33.43%, respectively, while individuals of unspecified sex were 9.19% (including 3.9% of juvenile individuals). The mean total length (TL) of the caught fish was 162.62 mm, with the mean weight per individual of 83.21 g. Among the caught fish, males represented 70.07% and females represented 29.93%. As regards the age structure, most individuals belonged to the groups aged 3+ and 4+, which together constituted 58.31% of the fish. The mean weight per individual of the caught pumpkinseed was 41.65 g (SD = 24.81), with a total length of 11.98 cm (SD = 2.97). The largest annual increments in the length of the investigated fish were observed in the first year of life (5.87 cm), with increments nearly 3 times lower in the following years. The growth rate of the pumpkinseed was significantly higher in comparison to the populations inhabiting other European waters and was similar to the fast-growing populations occurring in the natural range of occurrence. The probable factor allowing the higher growth rate of the pumpkinseed in the Warm Canal is water temperature much higher than that in natural waters.

PL

Bass słoneczny jest gatunkiem obcym w wodach Europy, a występowanie populacji jest punktowe i ograniczone tylko do wód o korzystnych warunkach środowiskowych dla tego gatunku. W Polsce rozsiedlony jest w wodach kanału ciepłego elektrowni Dolna Odra, o termice wody znacznie wyższej niż w wodach naturalnych. W latach 2010-2013, przy pomocy elektrycznego urządzenia impulsowego, do badań złowiono 1077 bassów słonecznych, które poddano badaniom populacyjnym określając struktury płci, długości i wieku oraz biologicznych, oceniając tempo wzrostu długości i kondycję ryb. Ponadto wskazano sezonowe zmiany tych parametrów w cyklu rocznym. W strukturze płci dominowały samce, stanowiące 57,38%, samice stanowiły 33,43%, natomiast osobniki z nieoznaczoną płcią 9,19%, w tym osobniki juwenilne 3,9 %. Średnia długość całkowita (TL) złowionych ryb wyniosła 162,62 mm, przy średniej masie jednostkowej 83,21 g. Wśród złowionych ryb dominowały samce stanowiące 70,07% ryb, samice stanowiły 29,93%, W strukturze wieku ryb najwięcej osobników stwierdzono w grupach wieku 3+ i 4+, które stanowiły łącznie 58,31% ryb. Średnia masa jednostkowa złowionych bassów wyniosła 41,65 g (SD = 24,81), przy długości całkowitej 11,98 cm (SD = 2,97). Największe roczne przyrosty długości u badanych ryb zanotowano w pierwszym roku życia (5,87cm), podczas gdy w kolejnych przyrosty były blisko 3 krotnie niższe. Tempo wzrostu długości bassów słonecznych było zdecydowanie wyższe w porównaniu do populacji zamieszkujących inne wody Europy i zbliżone do szybkorosnących populacji występujących w naturalnym zasięgu występowania. Prawdopodobnie czynnikiem warunkującym szybki wzrost bassów z wód kanału ciepłego jest woda o podwyższonej termice w stosunku do wód naturalnych.

18

Prawa własności i tempo ich zmian

Staniek Z.

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2016

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Nr 1

156--164

PL

Wiązki praw własności stanowią jedną z podstawowych instytucji formalnych. Ich waga wynika z pełnionych funkcji w gospodarce, zwłaszcza funkcji motywacyjno -bodźcowej. Ekonomiczny charakter praw własności ulega stałym zmianom. Znajduje to wyraz w transferach praw własności zachodzących na rynkach odpowiednio regulowanych przez państwo. Procesy prywatyzacji przebiegają zawsze w konkretnych warunkach gospodarowania, przy odpowiednich proporcjach sektora prywatnego i publicznego. Przy zbyt dużym udziale sektora publicznego istnieje potrzeba transferów praw własności do sektora prywatnego, co dokonuje się w warunkach istnienia rynku prywatyzacyjnego. Rynek ten charakteryzują relacje popytowo-podażowe i kształtowanie cen prywatyzowanego majątku. W praktyce prywatyzacyjnej siły rynkowe ograniczone są działaniami instytucji odpowiedzialnych za prywatyzację (często działających w sposób nieskoordynowany), które kierują się różnego rodzaju interesami. Interes publiczny (interes Skarbu Państwa) rozumiany jako imperium czy dominium wymaga zapewnienia optymalnego tempa zmian praw własności. Tempo to prowadzi do realnych zmian w prywatyzowanych przedsiębiorstwach, do zwiększania ich konkurencyjności i tym samym sprzyjania konkurencyjności całej gospodarki narodowej. W dłuższym czasie wpływa na zwiększenie tempa wzrostu gospodarczego.

EN

Bundles of property rights are one of the basic formal institutions. Their importance results from the function that they play in economy, especially the motivational and incentive function. The economical character of property rights undergoes permanent changes. This is reflected in the transfers of property rights which take place in markets and which are suitably regulated by the State. The processes of privatisation always proceed in specific conditions of management, with appropriate proportions of the private and public sector. With a large share of the public sector there is a need of property rights transfers to the private sector, which takes place in the conditions of the existence of the privatisation market. This market is characerised by supply-demand relations and the price formation of the privatised property. In privatisation practice the market forces are limited by the actions of institutions responsible for privatisation (often acting in an uncoordinated way) which are guided by different types of interests. Public interest (the State Treasury’s interest) understood as empire or dominum requires ensuring an optimal pace of changes of property rights. This pace leads to substantial changes in privatised enterprises, increasing their competetiveness and thereby favouring the competetiveness of the whole national economy. In the long run this influences the growth rate of economic growth.

19

Biological characteristics of spawning population of vendace (Coregonus albula L.) from Lake Śremskie (Międzychód District)

Runowski S., Golski J., Grzelak M., Andrzejewski W., Mazurkiewicz J., Murawski M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 61, nr 4

136--142

EN

The objective of studies carried out in 2011 was to investigate the most important biological traits of the spawning population of the vendace from Lake Lake Śremskie lying in the Międzychód-Sieraków Lakeland and to compare the results to the literature data. The biological material was obtained in the autumn, immediately before spawning. To achieve the objective of the research the following features were studied: sex structure, growth rate, fish condition, fertility as well as biometric and meristic traits of the studied vendance. At the same time, the most important physico-chemical water indices were determined to provide a characteristic of the environmental conditions. On the basis of physical and chemical indicators the status of water was classified as good. The vendace from the investigated water body may be classified to the group of very good growth rate (significantly above the average), reaching in the third year of life on average the total length of 22.4 cm. Fulton’s index of fish condition ranged from 0.78 to 1.25 with a mean value of 0.89. The mean absolute fertility was 12714 eggs, while relative fertility was 11994 eggs per 100 g of body mass. Considering the quantitative traits, the fish population of Lake Śremskie differs non-significantly regarding the greatest and the smallest body height from the populations with a good growth rate described by Bernatowicz. The meristic traits of the studied population do not significantly deviate from the values reported by other researchers, except for filtration processes.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych w 2011 roku badań było poznanie najważniejszych parametrów biologicznych populacji sielawy z jeziora Śremskiego, leżącego na pojezierzu Międzychodzko-Sierakowskim oraz porównanie uzyskanych wyników do danych literaturowych. Materiał biologiczny pozyskano w okresie jesiennym, tuż przed rozpoczęciem tarła. Aby zrealizować cel badań określono strukturę płci, wiek, tempo wzrostu, kondycję, płodność, a także cechy populacyjne (mierzalne i policzalne) badanych sielaw. Równocześnie oznaczono najważniejsze wskaźniki fizykochemiczne wody, pozwalające scharakteryzować warunki środowiskowe jeziora. Na podstawie wskaźników fizykochemicznych stan wód zbiornika uznano jako dobry. Sielawa z badanego zbiornika należy do grupy o bardzo dobrym wzroście (znacznie powyżej średniej krajowej), osiągając w trzecim roku życia średnio 22,4 cm długości całkowitej. Wartość wskaźnika kondycji Fultona wahała się od 0,78 do 1,25, przy średniej 0,89. Średnia płodność absolutna wyniosła 12714 szt. jaj, natomiast płodność względna 11994 szt. jaj na 100 g masy ciała. Biorąc pod uwagę cechy mierzalne populacja śremska nieznacznie różni się pod względem wysokości ciała od innych populacji o dobrym wzroście, opisanych przez Bernatowicza. Cechy policzalne badanej populacji nie odstają od wartości podanych przez innych badaczy, z wyjątkiem liczby wyrostków filtracyjnych.

20

The situation on the credit market versus the rate of economic growth in chosen countries of East-Central Europe

Mikołajczak P., Skikiewicz R.

Ekonomia i Zarządzanie

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2016

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Vol. 8, no. 1

62--70

EN

The article concerns the comparative analysis concerning credit market situation on the background of economic growth changes in Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Hungary. The main objective of this article is to identify the similarities and differences in the economic situation of the whole economies and credits market conditions in individual countries. This relationship has been verified for each country. To determine the strength of the relationship between the dynamics of changes in the value of credits and GDP, Pearson correlation analysis was used. The basis of the analysis presented in the article was data from central banks, Central Statistical Office and Eurostat. Time horizon under investigation covered the period of 2004-2013. The results of analysis indicate that both the economic condition of entire economies, as well as the situation in the credit market remained diverse in all analyzed countries. Among the most significant similarities there was found that changes in the rate of economic growth in the analyzed countries remained at a moderate depending on the dynamics of changes in the credit market. Although the analyzed countries experienced a financial crisis, not all of them recorded a negative growth rate of GDP and credits.