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PL
Porównywano zastosowania dostępnych technik programowania obróbki numerycznej przedmiotów o powtarzających się elementach konstrukcji. Analizowano możliwości stosowania programowania parametrycznego w trybie programowania zorientowanego warsztatowo oraz pracy w środowisku systemu klasy CAM. Zwrócono uwagę na przejrzystość tworzonego programu w aspekcie możliwości jego edycji i korekty składni, formy zapisu programu w pamięci obrabiarki oraz czasochłonność realizacji przykładowej operacji obróbki.
EN
The application of available methods to NC programming for parts with replicate geometrical elements is comparatively analysed. The possibility for the use of parametric programming both in workshop operation mode and in the environment of CAM system were presented. The capability of editing generated program and syntax correction, the form of its input into machine memory as well as exemplary part program execution time are studied.
EN
In the intensive competitive environment of the global economy, the survival of even the most well-established the world manufacturers depends on the ability to improve continuously quality while reducing costs. The resulting higher productivity is the key to market leadership and gaining sustainable competitive advantage. This paper outlines a group technology and classification of products which improve productivity, quality, inventory management of a company and reduce production times.
3
Content available Cost conditions of mass customization manufacturing
EN
According to requirements of the market a great number of small companies are forced to offer a wide variety of products and to frequently respond to the market with customized solutions. High-variety production like mass customization is facing the challenge of effective variety management, which needs to deal with numerous variants of both product and process in order to accommodate diverse customer requirements. Large product portfolios allow customers to select products closely matching their needs, but it results in a larger costs. In the production of mass customization a very important issue is changeovers times. In spite of applying modern management techniques, setup time still plays an important part in the production cycle time. To shorten the production time, and therefore lower the cost, the methods of group technology (GT) are used. This paper presents a method of cost calculation taking into account manufacturing in organizational similar groups. The main purpose of this method is to identify the range of costs of elements produced in GT. The method was validated in conditions of high-variety production.
PL
Zgodnie z wymaganiami współczesnego rynku duża liczba małych przedsiębiorstw jest zmuszona do oferowania szerokiej gamy wyrobów i często oferuje rozwiązania dopasowane do potrzeb klienta. Wysoka różnorodność wyrobów (masowa kastomizacja) stoi przed wyzwaniem skutecznego zarządzania wytwarzaniem wielowariantowej oferty produktów dopasowanej do potrzeb klienta w oparciu o wariantowe procesy wytwarzania. Duże portfolio produktów pozwala ściśle dopasować wyrób do potrzeb odbiorcy, ale jednocześnie prowadzi do podwyższenia kosztów realizacji zamówień. W warunkach produkcji dopasowanej do potrzeb klienta bardzo ważnym zagadnieniem są czasy przezbrojeń. Pomimo stosowania nowoczesnego parku maszynowego, ze względu na ich ilość, czasy przezbrojeń nadal odgrywają ważną rolę. Poniższy artykuł przedstawia metody kalkulacji kosztów wytwarzania z uwzględnieniem dynamicznego grupowania w grupy organizacyjnie podobne. Głównym celem prezentowanej metody jest określenie zakresu kosztów produkowanych elementów w ramach GT. Metoda została zweryfikowana badaniami w warunkach produkcji wyrobów o wielu opcjach wykonania.
EN
In this paper the present state of grouping technology theory is discussed. Attention is paid to lack of publications on grouping methods based on linear operators instead of classical incidence matrices. A computation algorithm for generating three-dimensional groups has been proposed. Every group contains joined structures, working cells and final (output) structures. Operation of the algorithm has been compared with results gained from literature sources dealing with binary grouping. And, calculations based on real assembly sequencing of a set of ship hull sections, have been performed.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono propozycję wykorzystania analizy kosztów transportu wewnątrzzakładowego dla przedsiębiorstw małych, średnich i dużych. Zaproponowano rozmieszczenie stanowisk i transport wewnątrzzakładowy do potrzeb procesu produkcyjnego jednostkowego (centrum klasycznych obrabiarek), seryjnego (centrum frezarsko-tokarskie) i masowego (centrum frezarsko-tokarskie). Zaproponowano urządzenia i zaprojektowano ich rozmieszczenie oraz środki transportu.
EN
This article contain proposition of using analysis for production costs in-house for small, medium and large plants. Placement of the machines and in-house transport for needs of single production process (conventional machining process), serial (milling and turning center) and on a mass scale (center milling and turning) were presents. The device, designed their localization and internal transportation between them proposition was shown.
EN
The paper presents selected aspects of production management related to the product customization. Product customization leads to an exponentially increased number of product and process variants, which exaggerates the difficulties in manufacturing in make-to-order production systems. The direct consequence of product customization on production is evidenced by an exponentially increased number of process variants, such as diverse machines, tools, fixtures, setups, cycle times and labors. In the production of mass customization a very important issue is changeovers times. In spite of applying modern management techniques, setup time still plays an important part in the production cycle time. The case study includes the manufacture of roller shutters. This paper presents a method of cost calculation taking into account the manufacturing roller shutters in organizational similar groups. The main purpose of this method is to identify range of costs of elements. The method was validated in the conditions of best practice production for high-variety production.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia zarządzania produkcją związane z dostosowaniem wyrobów do potrzeb klienta. Zjawisko kastomizacji produkcji prowadzi do wzrostu różnorodności wyrobów finalnych. Powoduje więc zwiększenie stopnia złożoności problemów zarządzania produkcją. Bezpośrednią konsekwencją kastomizacji produkcji jest zwiększenie liczby wariantów procesu wytwarzania, tendencja do poszerzenia parku maszynowego, asortymentu narzędzi, oprzyrządowania oraz zwiększenia liczby przezbrojeń. Jednocześnie zwiększa się długość cyklu produkcyjnego oraz nakładów pracy. W produkcji masowej jednym z podstawowych czynników efektywności wytwarzania jest czas przezbrojeń. Omówiono zagadnienie dla produkcji rolet zewnętrznych. Przedstawiono metodę zmniejszania czasu przezbrojeń, obniżania kosztów wytwarzania przez tworzenie grup organizacyjnie podobnych. Metodę poddano weryfikacji w warunkach produkcji wielowariantowej w rzeczywistych warunkach produkcyjnych.
7
Content available remote Modularyzacja w projektowaniu procesów technologicznych
EN
This study shows that modular structure of technological processes lies in limiting a diversity of technological processes and equipment. It reduces a time production preparation to a considerable degree, facilitates production processes and has a positive influence on a quality and productivity.
EN
In contrast to the traditional manufacturing system, where the basic features are low product variety and mass production, recent manufacturing environment is characterized by shorter product life cycles, constantly diminishing batch sizes while the variety of product types and models continues to increase. In high-variety manufacturing , in spite of applying modern management techniques, setup time still plays an important part in the production cycle time. Product development teams use many methods and tools for design, test, and manufacture a new or improved product. Design for manufacturing methodologies are used to improve a product's manufacturability. For high-variety production the cumulative amount of setup time results from the number of changeovers. To shorten the production time and therefore cost the methods of group technology (GT) are used. This paper presents a method of increasing the manufacturability of elements produced in GT. The method was validated in the conditions of best practice production for high-variety production.
9
Content available remote Product family manufacturing based on dynamic classification
EN
According to requirements of the market a great number of small companies are forced to offer a wide variety of products and to frequently respond to the market with customized solutions. At the same time, the fast delivery of products is often key to winning orders. Recent developments in Information Technology have made product family manufacturing available for small companies. It is made possible by applying a class of software tools called product configurators which can be integrated with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. This paper presents production management based on dynamic classification. High-variety production like mass customization is facing the challenge of effective variety management, which needs to deal with numerous variants of both product and process in order to accommodate diverse customer requirements. In high-variety production, in spite of applying modern management techniques, setup time still plays an important part in the production cycle time. The problem is not single change over time, but is in the quantity of changeovers required. This observation inspired the author to prepare a method of setup time reduction through the appropriate arrangement of tasks in the operational production plan. The appropriate arrangement of tasks means considering the similarity of parts from the point of view of operation carried out. The similarity of parts facilitates setup time reduction, which translates into smaller lot sizes, reduced in-process inventories, shorter lead time and higher throughput. The presented method is one of the elements of a computer aided management system for high-variety production. The method was validated in the conditions of best practice for unit and small batch production.
10
Content available remote High-variety products manufacturing based on dynamic classification
EN
According to the requirements of the market, a great number of small companies are forced to offer a wide variety of products and to frequently respond to the market with customized solutions. This paper presents high-variety products manufacturing based on dynamic classification. High-variety production, like mass customization, is facing the challenge of effective variety management, which needs to deal with numerous variants of both product and process in order to accommodate diverse customer requirements. In high-variety production, in spite of applying modern techniques, setup time still plays an important part in the production cycle time. The problem is not single change over time, but is in the quantity of changeovers required. This observation inspired the author to prepare a method of setup time reduction through the appropriate arrangement of tasks in the operational production plan. The appropriate arrangement of tasks means considering the similarity of parts from the point of view of operations carried out. The similarity of parts facilitates setup time reduction, which translates into smaller lot sizes, reduced in-process inventories, shorter lead time and higher throughput. The method was validated in the conditions of best practice production for unit and small batch production.
PL
Wymagania współczesnego rynku przedsiębiorstwa determinują wytwarzanie wielowariantowych wyrobów dostosowanych do potrzeb użytkownika. W produkcji wielowariantowych produktów, pomimo zastosowania nowoczesnych metod zmniejszania czasu przezbrojenia, nadal odgrywa on znaczną rolę w cyklu produkcji. Problem dotyczy nie czasu pojedynczego przezbrojenia, ale liczby przezbrojeń. Stąd opracowano metodę skrócenia czasu przezbrojenia poprzez sekwencjonowanie zadań na poziomie operacyjnego planu produkcji. Zaproponowana metoda zakłada ustalenie podobieństwa zadań ze względu na wykonywaną operację przy użyciu wielostopniowej i dynamicznej klasyfikacji. Uwzględniono cechy konstrukcyjne, technologiczne oraz zmienne cechy organizacyjne wytwarzania. Metodę sprawdzono w praktyce produkcyjnej małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw.
11
Content available remote Dynamic classification of tasks in condition of unit and small batch production
EN
In the process of unit and small batch production a very important aspect is the amount of time from production setup to availability to the customer. In spite of applying modern management techniques, setup time still plays an important part in the production cycle time. In the examined companies the relationship between changeover time to processing time was significant. The above research inspired the author to prepare a method of setup time reduction through the appropriate arrangement of tasks in the operational production plan. The appropriate arrangement meant considering the similarity of parts from the point of view of carried out operation. The similarity of parts facilitates setup time reduction, which translate into smaller lot sizes, reduced in-process inventories, shorter lead time and higher throughput. The method was validated in conditions of the production practice for unit and small batch production. The presented method is one of the elements of a computer aided management system for small and medium enterprises (SME).
12
Content available remote A hybrid heuristic based clustering algorithm to design manufacturing cell
EN
The manufacturing cell formation problem consists of designing a subclass of machine cells and their corresponding part families with an objective to minimize the inter-cell and intracell moves of the items while enhancing the machine utilization. This paper demonstrates a hybrid heuristic algorithm namely HACCF (Heuristic based Agglomerative Clustering for Cell Formation) exploiting the centroid linkage clustering method and the Minkowski distance metric as dissimilarity coeffcient. An exhaustive heuristic technique is developed and combined with the proposed clustering method to form manufacturing cells. 15 widely practiced datasets are obtained from past literature and tested with the proposed technique. The computational results are exhibited using the grouping efficacy as performance measure for the abovementioned test problems. The proposed technique is shown to outperform the standard and published techniques such as ZODIAC, GRAFICS, TSP based genetic algorithm and simple genetic algorithm and attained 73.33% improved result by exceeding the solution quality on the test problems. Therefore the proposed technique could be extensively used and could be hybridized with intelligent approaches to obtain more improved result in the vicinity of future cellular manufacturing system.
EN
The paper considers the machine-part grouping problem, as equivalent to partitioning the set of machines and operations into subsets, corresponding to block diagonalisation with constraints. The attempts to solve the problem with clustering methods are outlined. The difficulties encountered are presented, related to (i) ambiguity of formulations; (ii) selection of criteria; and (iii) lack of effective algorithms. These are illustrated in more detail with a limited survey of similarity and distance definitions, and of criteria used, constituting the main body of the paper. The return is proposed to the basic paradigm of cluster analysis, as providing simple and fast algorithms, which, even if not yielding optimal solutions, can be controlled in a simple manner, and their solutions improved.
EN
In conditions of unit and small batch production a very important role is played by time of product availability for the customer. Despite using modern management techniques setup time still play an important role in the production cycle time. In the examined companies the relation between rearmament times to processing times is still high. The above researches inspired the author to prepare the method of setup times’ reduction through proper arrangement of tasks in the operational production plan. Optimization of the daily production plans is based on two-level division of scheduling and arranging tasks. The method was validated in conditions of the production practice for unit and small batch manufacturing. An example of arranging tasks for the laser cutter was given. The presented method is one of elements of the computer aided expert system for SME.
15
Content available remote Computer-aided CNC programming for the machining of non-typical parts
EN
In this paper the CNC programming techniques for the machining operation planning of parts about non-typical shape and requirements are introduced. Especially, if the Group Technology approach is used. A short review of programming methods for the group part programs was presented. Based on the examples from industry different approaches for solving this problem are presented. The tools of Computer Aided CNC programming was discussed as a indispensable element of the manufacturing processes planning.
PL
W pracy omówiono wybrane rodzaje projektowania programów sterujących (CNC) do obróbki elementów maszyn o nietypowych kształtach i wymaganiach, w szczególności w warunkach stosowania technologii grupowej. Przedstawiono ogólny opis metod projektowania grupowych programów sterujących. W oparciu o przykłady pokazano różne sposoby rozwiązania tego problemu. Uwagę szczególną zwrócono na narzędzia do komputerowego wspomagania projektowania programów sterujących jako niezbędnego elementu projektowania procesów wytwarzania.
PL
Kluczowym zagadnieniem podejmowanym w niniejszej pracy jest optymalizacja grupowania z wykorzystaniem analizy klasterowej.
EN
The key issue discussed in the article is the optimalisation of making group by using clatter analysis.
17
Content available remote Raster graphics in features recognition.
EN
Non-conventional approaches of process structure generating are presented in this paper. The point of departure in the method presented is a set of raster patterns of features and more specifically a binary bitmap of machining allowance. The aim is the construction of a method of classifying the machined forms on the basis of their shape, to one of the groups of a known machining operation structure. Three approaches to solve this task have been suggested. In the first one a neural network of the MADALINE type was used, in the second the hierarchical clustering method was used, in the third approach a method of generating fuzzy synthetic representatives of particular groups was developed. The results obtained were compared to the traditional methods based on calculating the Danielsson and Haralick shape coefficients.
PL
Omówiono pewne niekonwencjonalne metody generowania elementów struktury operacji obróbki, Podstawą tych metod jest zbiór rastrowych obrazów elementarnych form obrabianych, a ściślej -binarna bitmapa naddatku pod obróbkę. Celem pracy jest zbudowanie metody klasyfikującej obrabiane formy, na podstawie ich kształtu, do jednej z grup o znanej strukturze operacji obróbki. Rozważano trzy sposoby rozwiązania tego zadania. W pierwszym stosowano sieci neuronowe typu MADALINE, w drugim hierarchiczną metodę grupowania, w trzecim opracowano metodę generowania rozmytych, syntetycznych przedstawicieli poszczególnych grup. Uzyskane rezultaty porównano z wynikami tradycyjnych metod opartych na obliczaniu współczynników kształtu Danielssona lub Haralicka.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe moduły Systemu Technicznego Przygotowania Produkcji SYSKLASS umożliwiające obsługę sfery produkcyjnej z wymianą danych z systemem Microsoft Excel i Microsoft Project przez pliki tekstowe, różnego typu wydruki, zestawienia. Pozwala to na usprawnianie zarządzania działalnością Odlewni i stworzenie spójnego systemu zarządzania zbliżonego do wymagań standardu MRP.
EN
It present basic units of Technical Production Preparation systems SYSKLASS in paper, productive spheres enabling attendance with exchange with system Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Project data by text files, different type printouts, statements. It allows on improvement of management activity of Foundry and creation of system of compact management approximated for claims of standards MRP.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono bazy danych niezbędnych w procesie przygotowania dokumentacji konstrukcyjnej oraz technologicznej oprzyrządowania odlewniczego (modele, rdzennice) w aspekcie wykorzystania systemu komputerowego wspomagania procesów wytwarzania SYSKLASS w zakresie technicznego przygotowania produkcji jednostkowej i małoseryjnej odlewów.
EN
It present foundation in paper and capabilities classification of product line of foundry like patterns and core boxes on constructional and technologically similar groups to making use of computer aided planning and manufacturing system SYSKLASS in range of technical production preparation of piece and short-run production of casts. It present foundation in paper and construction of database of foundry instrumentation and method of presentation of data.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono możliwości klasyfikacji wyrobów odlewni (odlewy, modele, rdzennice) na grupy konstrukcyjnie i technologicznie podobne w aspekcie wykorzystania systemu komputerowego wspomagania procesów wytwarzania SYSKLASS w zakresie technicznego przygotowania produkcji jednostkowej i małoseryjnej odlewów.
EN
It present foundation in paper and capabilities classification of product line of foundry (casts, patterns, core boxes) on constructional and technologically similar groups to making use of computer aided planning and manufacturing system SYSKLASS in range of technical production preparation of piece and short-run producttion of casts.
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