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Śladami islandzkiej wyprawy Profesora Walerego Goetla : szlak geoturystyczny w Krainie Lodu i Ognia

Wiewiórska Karolina, Stępień Karolina, Esmund Marta, Madej Kacper, Polak Dominik, Salwa Wiktor, Domalik Dawid, Kowal-Kasprzyk Justyna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 7

358--371

EN

The Geotourism Students' Scientific Club from AGH University of Science and Technology celebrated the Year of Walery Goetel by setting out on an expedition to Iceland in his footsteps. Professor Walery Goetel (1889-1972) went down in history as an outstanding and versatile geologist, creator of sozology and one of the most famous rectors of AGH. He was also an advocate for nature conservation, national parks and tourism. In 1927, Walery Goetel and his brother - writer Ferdynand - went on an expedition to Iceland. The island, known as “Land of Ice and Fire”, is one of the most geologically significant and interesting places in the world. The expedition let him collect valuable observations, samples and photographs. The journey, mainly through the western part of Iceland, was described by Ferdynand in the book “Island in the cloudy north” (1928). We followed this expedition 95 years later and we would like to propose the “Walery Goetel's memorial geotourist trail”. On the proposed route, there are 19 points visited by Professor, 10 of them we distinguished as particular attractive in terms of geotourism. In addition, we suggest 13 other points worth visiting, which are not mentioned in the book, but are located in the area of the trail, and we assess them as having significant geotouristic potential. The length of the trail is 770 km, and it is worth spending at least 5days to cover it by car. The trail includes such famous geotouristic attractions as the Geysir geothermal area, Gullfoss waterfall and Thingvellir National Park with Almannagjá gorge and Öxarárfoss waterfall, as well as less popular, but geologically important places. In the book “Island in the cloudy north” there are many regrets about the failure of Iceland to use its natural potential. The trail that we propose allows one to see how much is has changed in this respect over 100 years. We can assume that if the Professor visited modern Iceland, he would appreciate how this country implements the ideas of sozology. We hope that the trail we propose shows not only the beauty and geological uniqueness of Iceland, but also brings the ideas of Professor Walery Goetel closer.

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Produkt geoturystyczny jako narzędzie geoedukacyjne i metoda promocji dziedzictwa geologicznego Polski

Miśkiewicz Krzysztof

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 6

314--320

EN

Geoproducts are innovative, redesigned or traditional goods and services inspired by geodiversity. They contribute to the promotion of the regional geological heritage, didactic and tourist offer and sustainable development, in particular within the UNESCO geoparks. The aim of the study is to present the concept of a geotourism product, the essence of which is inanimate nature and geotouristic travel motives. Various possibilities of geoeducational use of such goods and services are presented with national examples divided into categories along with their producers. Attention is drawn to the factors determining the success of geotourism products and proposed coordination of activities in the field of their development in Poland.

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Potencjał geoturystyczny wybranych obiektów Ojcowskiego Parku Narodowego i jego otuliny

Dzięgiel Maciej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 3

113--131

EN

In this paper, two scenic caves, five selected karst rock forms, and five rock outcrops situated in the Ojców National Park and its protected zone area are the subject of comparative research, considered as very essential examples of geotouristic potential. Most of their karst forms differ between each other. These include Łokietek and Ciemna (Dark) cave, Kraków Gate, Rękawica and Igła Deotymy rock-cliff at Ojców, Duży Pochylec rock-cliff in Skała, and Maczuga Herkulesa rocky tower at Pieskowa Skała. Apart from them, outcrops of Quaternary calcareous tufa and rock falls at Ojców, an abrasion surface cutting Upper Jurassic limestones and covered with Cretaceous limestones and marls, Pleistocene loess at Januszowice, and the Duże Skałki (Big Rocks) former quarry of Upper Jurassic limestone at Czajowice were also studied. All of them are situated in the Silesian-Kraków Monocline. The caves, rock-cliffs and Maczuga Herkulesa rocky tower developed in the Upper Jurassic Oxfordian massive limestone. Their karst forms are diverse and picturesque. The other objects selected for research are also very interesting and important examples, displaying products of very complex geological processes. The comparative geotouristic potential evaluation of all 12 objects was made to meet tourists', educators' and investors' expectations and needs to increase their geotouristic development level. The statistical data of the annual number of visitors at the described two caves is also discussed. In general, interest in them as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly until today. They have become very widely known in Poland. Moreover, the Łokietek Cave, Kraków Gate rock-cliff and Maczuga Herkulesa rocky tower have become very popular worldwide.

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Potencjał geoturystyczny wybranych obiektów Dłubniańskiego Parku Krajobrazowego i jego otuliny

Dzięgiel Maciej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 8

403--417

EN

The paper presents comparative research on three selected karst rock forms and six rock exposures situated in the Dłubnia Landscape Park and its protected zone area, considered as very essential examples of geotouristic potential. Most of them display their karst forms different from each other. These include three rock-cliffs in the Ostrysznia Gorge and one in the Dłubnia valley in Imbramowice. Two of them host very short caves. The study also covers exposures of Upper Jurassic limestones in the Dłubnia valley in Imbramowice and Iwanowice, Quaternary slope deposits in Glanów, and Pleistocene loess in Damice. All of them are situated in the Silesian-Kraków Monocline. The rock-cliffs with their caves developed in the Upper Jurassic Oxfordian massive limestone. Their karst forms are diverse and picturesque. The other objects selected for research are also very interesting and important examples displaying products ofvery complex geological processes. The comparative geotouristic potential evaluation of all nine objects was made to meet the expectations and needs of tourists, educators and investors, to increase their geotouristic development level. In general, interest in them as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly up until today. They have become widely known in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area.

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Geodziedzictwo regionu Alta (północna Norwegia)

Huber Miłosz, Alenga David, Iakovleva Olga

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 5

286--291

EN

Interesting landscape forms associated with glacial activity occur in the Alta region, in Northern Norway. They attract tourists who want to visit Nordcapp - the northernmost place in Europe that can be reached by car. This area is located within the Scandinavian Mountains, which form a series of nappes containing metamorphosed rock complexes with numerous intrusions. The Alta-Kvænangen and Repparfjord tectonic windows with outcrops of Proterozoic and Archaic rocks occur there. The analysed formations, in the vicinity of Alta, are associated with more than two billion years of history of the development of the geology of this area. They are the basis of numerous geomorphological forms and can complement tourist attractions. This article is devoted to the discussion of the rocks forming the tectonic windows in the Alta, Kvalsund region, and the metamorphic formations of the Hammerfest region, a complex of igneous rocks of Mager ay Island, as well.

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Ogólnopolskie Forum GEO-PRODUKT : projekt integracji działań z zakresu udostępnienia i promocji dziedzictwa geologicznego Polski

Miśkiewicz Krzysztof, Poros Michał

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 8

568--570

EN

Products and services inspired by geodiversity are referred to as geoproducts and most often constitute an element of the sustainable development of UNESCO's global geoparks. In 2015 an informal group of designers and manufacturers of geotourism products was created in Poland, which is reflected in the annual meetings called the GEO-PRODUKT Forum. The aim of the project is to integrate the activities of scientific bodies, local authorities, non-governmental organisations, tourist and other communities to disseminate knowledge in the field of Earth sciences, to popularize geological and mining heritage of Polish territory, as well as to develop geotourism and geoparks.

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Jaskinia Raj jako obiekt geoturystyczny : z perspektywy półwiecza

Wróblewski Paweł, Wróblewski Tymoteusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 12

853--863

EN

Developed in the Devonian limestones the Raj (Paradise) Cave, with the rich dripstone attire, located near the city of Kielce, was the first cave in Poland to be opened to the public in a modern way 50 years ago and thus the first geotouristic site in the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) region. Unrestricted exploration soon after its discovery led to the destruction of some speleothems. That is why the cave entrance was closed and a decision to protect the cave by its commercialization was made. Archaeological excavations and geological and palaeontological investigations of the Pleistocene cave sediments were carried out duringthe preparation ofthe tourist route. Transforming the cave into a show cave allowed maintaining its intrinsic (scientific) and extrinsic (aesthetic) values. However, tourism has also put a negative impact on the cave (mechanical damages of the speleothems, lampenflora, contaminations). Therefore, the authors consider whether protection and public access represent two contrasting or rather complementary concepts and from this perspective make an attempt to assess the 50 years of geotourism in Raj Cave.

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Głazy narzutowe z okolic Przedborza jako obiekty geodziedzictwa oraz ich znaczenie w geologii czwartorzędu i geoturystyki

Górska-Zabielska Maria, Wieczorek Dariusz, Zabielski Ryszard, Stoiński Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 1

34--49

EN

The Przedbórz region in the Przedborska Upland (central Poland) is characterized by an above-average presence of erratic boulders. They have never been the subject of separate studies before. The aim of this article is to indicate their large population in central Poland and to characterize the traces of the impact of various morphogenetic processes on their current size and shape. The authors indicate the Scandinavian source areas of some of the studied erratic boulders. The article also highlights the scientific, educational, social and aesthetic function of erratic boulders, which should be used when planning the sustainable development of the region. In peripheral tourist areas, geotourism is an effective tool for economic growth. The erratic boulders discussed in the article, which are unique objects of natural heritage, have great potential to revive this branch of nature tourism.

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Characterisation of potholes formed on bedrock sandstones at Loei Dun, Phetchabun Geopark, Thailand

Singtuen Vimoltip, Junjuer Thitaree

Geologos

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2022

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Vol. 28, No. 1

39--50

EN

Phetchabun National Geopark comprises varied geosites; one of the fluvial bedrock landforms distinguished here is Loei Dun. This shows many potholes in Mesozoic sandstone of the Nam Phong Formation (Khorat Group). A genetic study of the occurrence of the Loei Dun potholes lends it a higher geoheritage value. For the present study we did fieldwork and carried out petrographical and geotechnical analyses so as to classify and characterise the potholes and consider geotourism potentials. Petrographically, the bedrock sandstone is a lithic arenite which consists of 82-96 percent very fine to coarse, well-sorted subangular sand with low sphericity and calcite cementation. Our geotechnical analysis of the bedrock sandstone suggests that pothole occurrence may be linked to low rock strength and slake durability index with high rock absorption and porosity at Loei Dun. Field studies confirmed the impact of other factors such as joints/faults, fluvial conditions and biological weathering. There are five types of pothole, viz., simple ones, potholes with external furrows, compound potholes, breached potholes and lateral ones. The present study adds educational value to the Loei Dun geosite at Phetchabun Geoparks and cultural and economic aspects can be further strengthened through the development of geotourism in the area.

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Wybrane formy rzeźby terenu w sudeckiej części Geoparku Kraina Wygasłych Wulkanów (pd.-zach. Polska)

Migoń Piotr

Landform Analysis

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2021

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Vol. 40

7--35

PL

Obszar Geoparku Kraina Wygasłych Wulkanów obejmuje część górską (sudecką) i przedgórską. W granicach geoparku znajdują się część Gór Kaczawskich, mających cechy gór niskich oraz część Pogórza Kaczawskiego. Mimo niewielkich wysokości bezwzględnych, rzeźba terenu jest różnorodna pod względem morfologicznym i genetycznym, a zróżnicowanie w dużej mierze nawiązuje do złożonej budowy geologicznej obszaru. Wyróżniające się zespoły form to wzniesienia i grzbiety twardzielcowe, zbudowane ze skał wulkanicznych wieku permskiego i kenozoicznego oraz elementy rzeźby krawędziowej (kuesty) rozwiniętej na permskich i mezozoicznych skałach osadowych. Wśród wzniesień zbudowanych z bazaltów część ma charakter neków. Do odpornościowego zróżnicowania podłoża nawiązują także przełomy rzeczne. Georóżnorodność obszaru uzupełniają formy skałkowe i odziedziczone formy środowiska peryglacjalnego, osuwiska, formy krasowe, przełomy rzeczne związane z reorganizacją sieci odwodnienia po zaniku lądolodu skandynawskiego oraz formy antropogeniczne, głównie związane z działalnością górniczą. Liczne miejsca wyróżniające się pod względem rzeźby mają charakter geostanowisk i są zagospodarowane geoturystycznie lub planowane do takiego zagospodarowania w przyszłości.

EN

The area of Land of Extinct Volcanoes Geopark can be divided into a mountainous (located in the Sudetes Mountains) and a fore-mountain part. Within the former are the low-altitude range of the Kaczawskie Mountains and the hilly land of the Kaczawskie Foothills. Despite their low altitude, morphology is very diverse in terms of both appearance and origin, reflecting to a large extent the complex geological structure of the region. The most distinctive landforms include lithologically-controlled hills and ridges built of Permian and Cenozoic volcanic rocks, as well as cuesta landforms developed on Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Among basaltic hills many are necks. Variable rock resistance is also reflected by the occurrence of fluvial gorges. Further components of regional geodiversity are tors and crags, inherited periglacial landforms, landslides, karst phenomena, water gaps caused by drainage reorganization during Scandinavian ice-sheet decay, and anthropic landforms caused by mining activities. Numerous localities of geomorphological significance may play a role of geosites and are either already developed as local geotourist destinations or planned to be developed in the future.

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Dziedzictwo geomorfologiczne Geoparku Świętokrzyskiego i jego znaczenie dla geoturystyki

Poros Michał, Urban Jan, Ludwikowska-Kędzia Małgorzata

Landform Analysis

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2021

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Vol. 40

71--107

PL

Geopark Świętokrzyski to pierwszy Światowy Geopark UNESCO funkcjonujący w całości na terytorium Polski. Geopark położony jest w południowo-zachodniej części Gór Świętokrzyskich, na obszarze charakteryzującym się zróżnicowaną budową geologiczną, która odzwierciedla się także w specyfice rzeźby terenu. Ewolucja morfologiczna tego obszaru uwarunkowana została głównie zróżnicowaną budową litologiczną i strukturalną podłoża podczwartorzędowego oraz oddziaływaniem różnych procesów morfogenetycznych wynikających ze zmian klimatycznych zachodzących w kenozoiku. Obecne ukształtowanie terenu Geoparku stanowi wypadkową wszystkich tych uwarunkowań oraz antropopresji związanej m.in. z dawną i współczesną eksploatacją surowców mineralnych. W granicach Geoparku Świętokrzyskiego modelowym obszarem, na którym można obserwować te zależności jest Chęcińsko-Kielecki Park Krajobrazowy. Dziedzictwo geomorfologiczne rozumiane jako część dziedzictwa geologicznego związanego z formami ukształtowania terenu, decyduje o wysokim potencjale geoturystycznym tego obszaru. Praktyczne wykorzystanie tego potencjału dla zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego obszaru objętego granicami Geoparku jest przedmiotem działań realizowanych przez samorządy lokalne we współpracy z instytucjami naukowymi, organizacjami pozarządowymi oraz organami administracji publicznej.

EN

The Świętokrzyski Geopark is the first UNESCO Global Geopark in operation situated entirely on the territory of Poland. The location of the geopark in the south-western part of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains makes it an area of exceptional geodiversity, which is also reflected in the specificity of the relief. The morphological evolution of this area was conditioned mainly by the diverse lithological and structural features of the Quaternary substrate and the impact of various morphogenetic processes resulting from climatic changes taking place in the Cenozoic. The current topography of the Geopark is the resultant of all these conditions and anthropopressure related to the past and present exploitation of mineral resources. Within the Świętokrzyski Geopark, a model area where these relationships can be observed is the Chęciny-Kielce Landscape Park. The geomorphological heritage, understood as part of the geological heritage related to the land relief, determines the high geotouristic potential of this area. The practical use of this potential for the sustainable socio-economic development of the area covered by the Geopark is the subject of activities carried out by local authorities in cooperation with scientific institutions, non-governmental organizations and public administration bodies.

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The geotouristic potential of the scenic underground routes in the “Wieliczka” and “Bochnia” Salt Mines (Carpathian Foredeep)

Dzięgiel Maciej

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2021

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nr 3-4 (66-67)

17--45

EN

In this article, five scenic underground routes of historical salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia towns were the subject of comparative research, considered as very essential examples of geotouristic potential. In the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, there are Touristic and Miners’ Routes, and in the “Bochnia” mine, there is a Multimedia Touristic route, as well as two Miners’: Natural and Historical ones. The routes lead through the parts of old mines. These salt deposits are a part of the Miocene evaporitic formations, as a fragment of the Carpathian Foredeep. A comparative geotouristic potential evaluation of all these routes was made to meet tourists’, educators’ and investors’ expectations and needs to raise their geotouristic development level. The statistical data of the annual number of visitors for the last few years at the described routes were also discussed. In general, interest in these routes has been growing, as the popularity of the industrial heritage in the “Wieliczka” and “Bochnia” Salt Mines has been regularly developing. They have become very widely known in Poland and around the world.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie porównawczej potencjału geoturystycznego pięciu tras podziemnych zabytkowych kopalń soli w Wieliczce i Bochni. Dwie z nich (turystyczna i górnicza) znajdują się w Wieliczce, a trzy pozostałe (multimedialna turystyczna i dwie górnicze: historyczna i przyrodnicza) w Bochni. Prowadzą one fragmentami dawnych wyrobisk kopalnianych. Opisywane złoża solne mają postać ewaporatowej formacji powstałej w miocenie, wchodzącej w skład zapadliska przedkarpackiego. Ocena porównawcza potencjału geoturystycznego poszczególnych tras została dokonana z uwzględnieniem potrzeb turystów, nauczycieli i inwestorów. Wzięto pod uwagę także dane statystyczne dotyczące frekwencji turystów w omawianych obiektach dla kilku ostatnich lat. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, zainteresowanie opisywanymi trasami podziemnymi systematycznie wzrasta do chwili obecnej, co jest skutkiem zwiększającej się z biegiem czasu popularności dziedzictwa przemysłowego w Wieliczce i Bochni, zarówno w Polsce, jak i na całym świecie.

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Residual rocky forms in the landscape of the Outer Carpathians (Silesian Beskid Mts, Poland) – geotourist and sedimentological case study

Strzeboński Piotr

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2021

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nr 1-2 (64-65)

3--22

EN

This study investigated residual landforms developed within of the flysch bedrock in the Outer Western Carpathians as sand-stone-to-conglomeratic tors. The studied relic rocky forms are locally exposed on the valley slopes in the top and plateau parts of the Sile-sian Beskid Mts. The cognitive values of such relic landforms, especially in the context of their morphogenetic traits and shaping of their macro- and microrelief, are well known and described. In contrast to epigenetic processes, the sedimentological aspect of the origin of such siliciclastic rocky deposits is still subject to different approaches in terms of terminology and interpretation. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the conditions of environmental settings and character of the sediment transport and deposition processes from gravity flows, and to present a depositional system model for such a variety of flysch deposits. This study also attempts to present geotourist and geoed-ucational attractiveness of the tors against the background of regional geodiversity, geoheritage, and geoprotection. The results yielded a synthetic morpho-litho-sedimentological and geotouristic specification of the rocky forms analysed. The residual rocky landforms are polygenic geomorphological elements developed as a consequence of multistage and different scale of morph-forming activity operating on the basis of litho-sedimentological and tectonic assumptions under the influence of denudation processes.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu są ostańcowe formy terenu rozwinięte na bazie fliszowego podłoża skalnego w zachodnich Karpatach ze-wnętrznych jako skałki od piaskowcowych do zlepieńcowych. Omówione ostańcowe formy skałkowe lokalnie eksponowane są na stokach dolinnych w przyszczytowych i wierzchowinowych partiach Beskidu Śląskiego. Walory poznawcze, jakie ze sobą niosą, w szczególności w kontekście morfogenetycznym oraz kształtowania ich makro- i mikroreliefu, są dobrze poznane i opisane. W przeciwieństwie do procesów epigenetycznych aspekt sedymentologiczny pochodzenia takich silikoklastycznych utworów skałkowych jest natomiast nadal przedmiotem dociekań zarówno w kwestii terminologicznej, jak i interpretacyjnej. Celem badawczym artykułu jest zatem próba przybliżenia warunków środowiskowych ustawień, natury procesów transportu i depozycji osadów ze spływów grawitacyjnych oraz modelu systemu depozycyjnego takiej odmiany utworów fliszowych. Zamierzeniem autora było także przedstawienie geoturystycznej i geoedukacyjnej atrakcyjności ska-łek na tle regionalnej georóżnorodności, geodziedzictwa i ich geoochrony. W rezultacie przedstawiono w ujęciu syntetycznym specyfikację morfologiczną, litologiczną, sedymentologiczną i geoturystyczną badanych form skałkowych. Ostańcowe skałkowe formy terenu stanowią poligeniczne elementy geomorfologiczne rozwinięte w następstwie wieloetapowej i różnoskalowej działalności rzeźbotwórczej zachodzącej w utworach o określonych uwarunkowaniach litologiczno-sedymentologicznych i tektonicznych za pośrednictwem procesów denudacji.

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Inventory of geotouristic routes along the southern hills of the Kathmandu Valley

Acharya Manjari, Paudyal Kabi Raj

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2021

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nr 3-4 (66-67)

47--61

EN

An inventory map of geotouristic sites was prepared on the scale of 1 : 25 000 along the Chandragiri-Chitlang Range, southwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley of central Nepal. From the ridges and peaks of the Chandragiri-Chitlang range, visitors can witness breathtaking views of the surrounding hills, modern buildings, and ancient temples of the Kathmandu Valley from a distance. The objective of the study was to explore the geotouristic sites around the Kathmandu Valley. For this purpose, all the available information related to geology, environment, geography, culture, religion, and other touristic components was reviewed thoroughly, and extensive fieldwork was carried out with the purpose of geological mapping and data collection. The Chandragiri-Chitlang range is a renowned place and open book not only for geologists but also for the nature lover, climbers, trekkers, photographers, videographers, cultural tourists, biologists, and ayurvedic and it has a great prospect for tourism due to its geomorphological variation, unique geological features, beautiful natural scene, unique trekking trails, culture, biodiversity, adventurous way, heritage, and historical sites. Major geotouristic sites, which attract tourists throughout the year in this range are the lush green Chandragiri Hill, Chandragiri Temple with children’s playground and exciting recreational equipment, snowfall, on the winter season, Chitlang Homestay, Chobhar Hill, Taudaha natural pond, Pharping Hill, Champadevi Temple, Gupteshwor cave, Chobhar cave, Thankot, and Matatirtha Temple, etc. Geologically, the study area comprises the lower four geological units of the Phulchoki Group of the Kathmandu Complex from older to younger sequences i.e. the Tistung Formation, the Sopyang Formation, the Chandragiri Limestone, and the Chitlang Formation along with alluvial fan deposits and Kathmandu Lake sediments. The basin of Kathmandu is filled with the lacustrine-fluvial deposits of ancient lakes followed by river deposits. The Chandragiri Thrust, Chitlang Syncline, Kirtipur Anticline are the major regional-scale geological structures within the study area. Unique oldfashioned footrail attracts tourists and increased the charm of traveling in this place. The homestays in Chitlang village, joyful of culture and environment, provide a tranquil retreat away from the bustling crowds of Kathmandu. Preparation of a tourist guidebook and planning and development from the perspective of a geotouristic approach is recommended after this research. Reconstruction and establishment of trekking foot trails and tourist information centers based on currently available natural and human resources without investing high costs can be carried out for sustainable tourism development in this range.

15

The power of colour in geoheritage studies and marketing: some tentative reflections

Ruban Dmitry A., Mikhailenko Anna V., Yashalova Natalia N.

Geologos

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2021

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Vol. 27, No. 1

57--65

EN

Colour is a common physical property in exposures of unique geological objects, but is only marginally addressed in geoheritage literature. We here present our point of view on how this feature can be treated in geoheritage studies, with the general aim at setting up a broad discussion. Three functions of colour in geoheritage are outlined, namely geological interpretation (e.g., compositional and genetic peculiarities of sedimentary rocks), higher visibility due to colour contrast and aesthetic attractiveness to geotourists. Assessment of colour at geosites is challenging, especially because of uncertain colour nomenclatures. We propose to focus on colour identification, calculation of the number of colours, qualitative evaluation of colour contrast and comparison of colours of a given geological object to its landscape context. Geoheritage colours may have different meanings to geosite visitors, and colour-emotion associations revealed by national and international studies are important to trace these meanings.

16

Eksploracja podziemnego kompleksu produkcyjnego z okresu II wojny światowej w Bolkowie – przykład destrukcyjnego wpływu nieformalnych prac poszukiwawczych na stan obiektów historycznych

Kotarska Izabela, Madziarz Maciej, Stolarczyk Tomasz

Cuprum : czasopismo naukowo-techniczne górnictwa rud

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2021

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nr 1-2

29--48

PL

W artykule przedstawiono historię powojennej eksploracji historycznego, budowanego w latach 1943-1944 podziemnego kompleksu produkcyjnego, zlokalizowanego w masywie Wzgórza Ryszarda w miejscowości Bolków na Dolnym Śląsku. Zaprezentowano historię i przyczyny powstania tej budowli podziemnej, jej związki z produkcją o przeznaczeniu militarnym oraz obecny stan zachowania. Zwrócono uwagę na destrukcyjny wpływ nieformalnych, amatorskich poszukiwań – podejmowanych zwykle w celu pozyskania ukrytych w domniemaniu w podziemiach dóbr („skarbów”) na stan historycznych budowli podziemnych oraz podkreślono konieczność podjęcia działań mających na celu rzeczywistą ochronę tego rodzaju miejsc oraz ich potencjalnej zawartości.

EN

The paper presents the history of post-war exploration of a historical, underground production complex built the years 1943-44, located in the massif of Ryszard's Hill in Bolków in Lower Silesia.The history and reasons for the creation of this underground structure, its connection with production for military purposes and the current state of preservation were presented. Attention was drawn to the destructive influence of informal, non-professional prospecting – usually undertaken in order to find allegedly hidden underground goods ("treasures") on the condition of historical underground structures. The necessity of taking action to actually protect such places and their potential contents was stressed.

17

Nowe obiekty geoturystyczne na południowym Podlasiu

Górska-Zabielska Maria

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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vol. 68, nr 2

91-–99

EN

In 2018 the Łuków commune in southern Podlasie became enriched by eight small lapidaries as a result of local self-government initiative. They play a didactic and aesthetic function of biker-friendly spaces along bicyce routes. The article discusses 25 erratic boulders, indicating their Scandinavian provenance and micro-morphology features that are a record ofenvironments in which the erratic boulders were staying during their transport. A special attention has been given to the geotourist significance of these stone objects.

18

Geopark Owadów-Brzezinki : niezwykłe stanowisko paleontologiczne udostępnione geoturystycznie

Błażejowski Błażej, Gieszcz Piotr, Siuda Robert, Tyborowski Daniel, Wierzbowski Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 1

45--49

EN

The Owadów-Brzezinki Geopark, located in the western margin of the Holy Cross Mountains in Slawno community (Łódź Voivodeship), was established in June 2019 in close vicinity of the Owadów-Brzezinki quarry. The geopark consists of palaeontological museum, educational trail and panoramic viewing platform, located along the quarry edge. The palaeontological museum exhibits unique fossils of marine and terrestrial organisms that were excavated in the quarry during the last six years. Among the most important fossils, which can be seen there are: horseshoe crabs, crustaceans, ammonites, insects, actinopterygian fish, turtles, ichthyosaurs, crocodylomorphs and pterosaurs. In addition to the original fossils, the museum presents life-size reconstructions of animals that inhabited the local seas and islands in the Late Jurassic, and plates illustating palaeogeographical and paleoenvironmental history of this site. Thanks to many important palaeontological and palaeobiological discoveries, this geopark has great geotourist and educational potential. The geopark’s design was drawn upon similar palaeontological museums such as the Jura Museum Eichstätt in the Solnhofen region and the Hauff Museum in the Holzmaden in Germany.

19

Działania Muzeum Geologicznego Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego prowadzone w celu wykorzystania edukacyjnego i ochrony starych kamieniołomów

Krzeczyńska Monika, Wierzbowski Andrzej, Woźniak Paweł, Świło Marlena, Chećko Agnieszka

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 3

187--193

EN

The pits that left after exploitation of solid rock minerals are extremely interesting geological objects. They contain records of ancient processes that led to the exposure of rock formations, allowing the timing of these processes. The data obtained from abandoned quarries can be used for scientific studies, but it can also be applied in all activities aimed at popularizing knowledge about a biotic nature. Therefore, these localities should be under legal protection or at least secured against devastation, which often faces considerable difficulties. The Geological Museum has undertaken actions aiming at the protection of abandoned quarries, most often in the form of projects dedicated to geotourism management and creating geotourist trails. These projects are a chance to save important geosites from devastation, overgrowing by vegetation, or fading into oblivion. The article presents case studies of successfully managed old quarries, as well as failed attempts.

20

Rola obiektów pogórniczych z obszaru Geoparku Przedgórze Sudeckie w edukacji geologicznej i geoturystyce

Szadkowska Katarzyna, Szadkowski Mateusz

Hereditas Minariorum

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2020

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Vol. 6

77--79

PL

Różnorodność geologiczna terenu Geoparku Przedgórze Sudeckie i wielowiekowe tradycje górnicze tego obszaru mają przełożenie na widoczne do dzisiaj pozostałości dawnej działalności górniczej w postaci nieczynnych kamieniołomów, starych sztolni czy hałd. Obiekty te mają ogromny potencjał geoedukacyjny i geoturystyczny oraz mogą przyczynić się zarówno do popularyzacji wiedzy geologicznej, jak i rozwoju gospodarczego regionu.

EN

The geological diversity of the Sudetic Foreland Geopark area and its centuries-old mining traditions have a reflection in the remnants of former mining activities, in the form of abandoned quarries, old adits and post-mining heaps, which are still visible today. These objects have great geoeducational and geotouristic potential and can contribute to both the popularization of geological knowledge and the economic development of the region.