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1

Implementacja oprogramowania geoinformacyjnego QGIS do tworzenia analiz przestrzennych

Furmanek Aleksander Filip

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2023

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Z. 12

47--59

PL

Niezwykły rozwój technologiczny współczesnego świata ma różne oblicza. Niewątpliwie jednym z ważniejszych z nich jest szeroko rozumiana informatyka. Jej różnorakie zastosowania od kilku dziesięcioleci są stopniowo coraz bardziej obecne w praktyce architektonicznej i urbanistycznej. W obszarze środowiska zbudowanego, równolegle z popularnymi platformami CAD i BIM, rozwijane są także inne projekty, m.in. aplikacje związane z systemem informacji geograficznej (GIS). Jednym z nich jest QGIS. Czy może być on przydatny w procesie tworzenia sztuki, np. architektury i urbanistyki? Obecnie program ten dynamicznie jest rozwijany i oferuje rozliczne narzędzia mogące mieć zastosowanie w planowaniu przestrzennym, zarządzaniu przestrzenią, w pracy geografów, przyrodników, a być może także urbanistów i architektów.

EN

The remarkable technological development of the modern world has many faces. Undoubtedly, one of the more important ones is broadly understood computer science. Its various applications have been increasingly present in architectural and town planning practice for several decades. In the area of the built environment, other projects are being developed in parallel with popular CAD and BIM platforms, including geographic information system (GIS) related applications. One of them is QGIS. Can it be helpful in the process of creating art, e.g. architecture and urban planning? Currently, this program is dynamically developed and offers numerous tools that can be used in spatial planning, spatial management, in the work of geographers, naturalists, and perhaps also urban planners, landscape architects, or ordinary architects.

2

Urban Heat Island Index Change Detection Based on Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index: A Case Study

Mas'uddin, Karlinasari Lina, Pertiwi Setyo, Erizal

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

91--107

EN

Climate change is a matter of considerable global importance, as evidenced by the increased urban surface temperatures in developed and undeveloped areas. Hence, this study aims to analyze the threshold and index of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon within the urban region of Bima City, located in Indonesia. The study was undertaken by utilizing sequential data from 2016, 2019, and 2022 obtained from the Google Earth Engine portal. The analysis focused on the assessment of UHI by examining land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). Algorithms that operate on a single channel are employed to compute the land surface temperature. The findings indicate that the LST peaked in 2016 at 32.54 which rose to 35.08 in 2019 and increased to 39.18 in 2022. This implies a progressive rise in the LST of Bima City as time progresses. Moreover, it was observed that LST exhibited a positive correlation with the NDBI while displaying a negative correlation with the NDVI. The urban heat island phenomenon has been observed to possess the capacity to elevate ambient air temperatures in urban regions by as much as 3 when compared to suburban areas. In addition to considering both developed and undeveloped regions, it is important to acknowledge the observed changes in the UHI threshold in Bima City. Specifically, the UHI threshold has exhibited an upward trend, rising from 26.73 in 2016 to 29.57 in 2019 and 31.21 in 2022.

3

Assessment of Soil Degradation Based on Soil Properties and Spatial Analysis in Dryland Farming

Kartini Ni Luh, Saifulloh Moh, Trigunasih Ni Made, Narka I. Wayan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

368--375

EN

Dryland farming, managed intensively, with the input of chemical fertilizers exceeding the dose threshold, can cause soil degradation. Degraded soil affects low environmental carrying capacity and soil and water conservation. Researchers conduct soil tests on agricultural land to address this issue, especially those that apply a continuous cropping system. This study aimed to examine soil properties to determine the conditions of soil degradation in dryland farming. The method integrates spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), field surveys, and laboratory soil samples analysis. The spatial data used to map the potential for soil degradation includes land use, slope, rainfall, and soil type. Integrating spatial and laboratory data, such as soil physical, chemical, and biological properties results in soil degradation status conditions representing the actual conditions in the field. This study found that there were three classes of soil degradation successively, namely mild, moderate, and high. There are two statuses of soil degradation, including non-degraded and light soil degradation status. The soils with a mild degree of degradation are due to the limiting factors of permeability, fractional composition, and total porosity. Some actions that can be taken include planning soil degradation prevention measures by utilizing soil degradation potential maps that have been made for areas with high soil degradation potential. For the sites with a status of soil degradation, efforts are made to start carrying out soil improvement actions in accordance with conservation principles to reduce the soil degradation that occurs. Moreover, organic matter is added to degraded and potentially degraded soils to increase the stability of soil aggregates and water-carrying capacity.

4

Dane a informacje w BIM

Borkowski Andrzej Szymon

Izolacje

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2023

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T. 28, nr 7/8

130--133

PL

Proces inwestycyjno-budowlany w Polsce przechodzi głęboką cyfryzację. W wielu fazach i na różnych etapach tego procesu wykorzystuje się BIM. W przestrzeni naukowej i biznesowej często mówi się o „modelu informacyjnym budynku”. Słyszy się frazy typu „potoki danych”, „faszerowanie informacją”, „strukturyzowane dane”, „otwarte standardy wymiany danych” itd. W wielu przypadkach pojęcia „dane” i „informacje” stosuje się zamiennie, nie zastanawiając się nad ich znaczeniem w kontekście BIM. Przez to są mylone i czasami prowadzą do błędów poznawczych czy problemów w komunikacji. Niezależnie od roli (projektant, inwestor, producent) znajomość obu pojęć i związanych z nimi standardów jest niezbędna tam, gdzie w procesach pojawia się BIM. W artykule dokonano głębokiego przeglądu literatury pod kątem stosowania i znaczenia obu pojęć. Przedstawiono je w konkretnym studium przypadku w celu lepszego zrozumienia ich definicji. W artykule podkreślono też znaczenie norm i standardów, które wyraźnie wskazują jak pracować z danymi i informacjami w BIM.

EN

The investment and construction process in Poland is undergoing a profound digitalisation. BIM is being used in many phases and at various stages of this process. In both the academic and business spheres, the term ‘building information model’ is often used. We can hear the phrases ‘data pipelines’, ‘information stuffing’, ‘structured data’, ‘open data exchange standards’, etc. In many cases, the terms ‘data’ and ‘information’ are used interchangeably without considering their meaning in the context of BIM. This confusion sometimes leads to cognitive errors or communication problems. Regardless of the role of the individuals involved in processes where BIM is used (be it designer, developer, or manufacturer), clear understanding of both concepts and the associated standards is essential. In this article, an in-depth review of the literature regarding the application and significance of both terms is carried out. They are presented in a specific case study to enhance the understanding of their definitions. The importance of norms and standards is also emphasized, as they provide clear guidance on how to work with data and information in the context of BIM.

5

Geospatial Study on Forest Fire Disasters – A GIS Approach

Rao Gudikandhula Narasimha, Rao Peddada Jagadeeswara, Duvvuru Rajesh, Beulah Kondapalli, Rathnala Prasanthi, Lydia E. Laxmi, Balakrishna Bangaru, Motru Vijaya Raju

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

302--311

EN

The science and technology is reaching to greater heights in recent decades, that the scientists are also not antici-pated that it would change the facet of human life. However, disasters are challenging scientific community and its intensity and numbers of events are increasing in recent years. Disasters are classified into two types, i.e., natural and man-made. Ancient human beings were used fire to cook their food. Once they were habituated to eat cooked food, their digestive system started working properly which resulted in wise thinking. One of the most risky fiascos is fire. Notwithstanding its immediate risk on living souls’, fire consumes woods. Trees that are giving oxygen to people, in this way, trees are viewed as lungs for solid life. Consistently, huge number of rapidly spreading fires happening all around the world they consume forested lands, causing unfriendly environmental and social effects. Early admonition and prompt reactions are the main available resources to battle such kind of calamities. This exploration work centers guileless techniques which are utilized to recognize forest fire susceptibility index (FFSI) and fire examination in Greater Visakhapatnam municipal corporation.

6

Evaluation the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Indices SAVI and MSAVI for Bristol City, United Kingdom Using Landsat 8-OLI Through Geospatial Technology

Kareem Hayder H., Attaee Muammar H., Omran Zainab Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

89--97

EN

Soil moisture is highly variable in space and time; moreover, it has nonlinear effects on a wide variety of environmental systems. Understanding the multiple hydrological processes, developing more accurate models of those processes, and applying those models to conservation planning all benefit greatly from a better characterization of temporal and geographic variability in soil moisture. Vegetation indices (VIs) are used to assess vegetative coverings objectively and subjectively through spectral observations. The spectral responses of vegetated areas are influenced by many factors, including vegetation and soil brightness, environmental influences, soil color, and moisture. This research looked into the soil adjusted indices SAVI and MSAVI for the city of Bristol in the United Kingdom and assessed them. The Landsat 8 OLI of the research area was downloaded, whereas Bands 4 and 5 were processed in a geographic information system (GIS) to provide SAVI and MSAVI. The obtained values for the SAVI index are between -0.557 and 0.425, and the obtained values for the MSAVI index are between -1.183 and 0.441. The MSAVI is able to extract a thicker layer of vegetation than the SAVI. Similarly, MSAVI has revealed more non-vegetated locations compared to those extracted by SAVI. Since the MSAVI index provides reliable signals of land cover, it should be used in research applications. Technically, the work presented the GIS functionality of a raster calculator for processing Landsat 8 OLI data, and regionally, it added to the studies of Bristol City.

7

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Berrechid Aquifer, Central Morocco, Using Multivariate Statistics and Water Quality Indices

Moukhliss Mohammed, Taleb Abdslam, Ouallali Abdessalam, Spalevic Velibor, Mazigh Nouhaila, El Fathi Badr, Souabi Salah

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

187--199

EN

Groundwater salinity is a serious problem for water quality in the irrigated parts of arid and semi-arid regions, especially in the aquifers of Berrechid, Morocco. This study used a variety of techniques, including the Water Quality Index (WQI) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate the quality of the groundwater for irrigation and domestic use in the Berrechid region in central Morocco. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater for irrigation and human consumption. The collection and analysis of twenty-two samples for ions was carried out, including, EC, Cl-, NO3-, NH4+, NO2-, Ca2+, Mg2+, pH, SO42-, Na+, K+, CO3-, HCO3-, and Mn2+. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to classify the water quality vis: excellent, good, average, poor and very poor. The research area’s water quality index (WQI) ranges from 43.89 to 439.34, with around 40.90% of samples having excellent water quality, 45.45% having poor water quality, 4.54% showing extremely bad water quality, and 9.09% having unsuitable quality for human consumption. The principal component analysis reveals that the average concentration of cations in groundwater was Na+> Mg2+> Ca2+> K+> Mn2+> NH4+, whereas the concentration of anions was Cl-> HCO3-> SO42-> NO3-> NO2-> CO32-. The correlation matrix was created and analyzed to determine its significance in groundwater quality assessment. The primary sources of pollution are household waste, exposed septic tanks, landfill leachate, and excessive fertilizer usage in agriculture and industrial operations. The current analysis demonstrates that the deteriorating groundwater quality in the region needs pre-consumption treatment and contamination risk prevention.

8

Evaluation of soil rocky desertification in Karst region based on deep belief network

Lu Guan-Yao, Xu Dan, Meng Yue

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 2

167--173

EN

Dynamic features from remote sensing photos may be successfully extracted using deep learning and symmetric network structure, which can then be used to direct them to carry out accurate classification. The DBN model can more effectively extract features from photos since it uses unsupervised learning. It can be reduced to the many symmetric Restricted Boltmann Machines (RBM) training problem. In this paper, a soil rocky desertification (RD) assessment model based on a deep belief network (DBN) is created in light of the complicated influencing aspects of Karst RD risk assessment encompassing several geographical elements. The model builds upon the conventional RBM framework and incorporates the influence layer of related elements as an auxiliary requirement for retrieving Geographic Information System (GIS) score data. Then, in order to forecast the level of soil rocky desertification, it learns the features of many elements. The experimental results show that the proposed model proposed in this paper has better prediction performance and faster convergence speed, and its classification results for different degrees of RD are more consistent with the actual risk assessment results.

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Mapping of impervious surfaces with the use of remote sensing imagery: Support Vector Machines classification and GIS-based approach

Sobieraj Janusz, Fernández Marín Marcos, Metelski Dominik

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 3

129--146

EN

This study focuses on the problem of mapping impervious surfaces in urban areas and aims to use remote sensing data and orthophotos to accurately classify and map these surfaces. Impervious surface indices and green space assessments are widely used in land use and urban planning to evaluate the urban environment. Local governments also rely on impervious surface mapping to calculate stormwater fees and effectively manage stormwater runoff. However, accurately determining the size of impervious surfaces is a significant challenge. This study proposes the use of the Support Vector Machines (SVM) method, a pattern recognition approach that is increasingly used in solving engineering problems, to classify impervious surfaces. The research results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SVM method in accurately estimating impervious surfaces, as evidenced by a high overall accuracy of over 90% (indicated by the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient). A case study of the “Parkowo-Leśne” housing estate in Warsaw, which covers an area of 200,000 m², shows the successful application of the method. In practice, the remote sensing imagery and SVM method allowed accurate calculation of the area of the surface classes studied. The permeable surface represented about 67.4% of the total complex and the impervious surface corresponded to the remaining 32.6%. These results have implications for stormwater management, pollutant control, flood control, emergency management, and the establishment of stormwater fees for individual properties. The use of remote sensing data and the SVM method provides a valuable approach for mapping impervious surfaces and improving urban land use management.

PL

Niniejsze badanie koncentruje się na problemie wyznaczania powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych na obszarach miejskich i ma na celu wykorzystanie danych teledetekcyjnych i ortofotomap do dokładnej klasyfikacji i wizualizacji tych powierzchni. Wskaźniki powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych i oceny terenów zielonych są szeroko stosowane w planowaniu przestrzennym i urbanistycznym do oceny środowiska miejskiego. Władze lokalne polegają również na oszacowaniu wielkości powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych w celu obliczania opłat za wodę deszczową i skutecznego zarządzania odpływem wody deszczowej. Jednak dokładne określenie wielkości nieprzepuszczalnych powierzchni jest poważnym wyzwaniem. W niniejszym badaniu zaproponowano wykorzystanie metody Support Vector Machines (SVM), podejścia opartego na rozpoznawaniu wzorców, które jest coraz częściej stosowane w rozwiązywaniu problemów inżynieryjnych, do klasyfikacji powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych. Wyniki badań pokazują skuteczność metody SVM w dokładnym szacowaniu powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych, o czym świadczy wysoka ogólna precyzja wynosząca ponad 90% ( na co wskazuje współczynnik Kappa Cohena). Studium przypadku osiedla „Parkowo-Leśne” w Warszawie o powierzchni 200 000 m² pokazuje skuteczne zastosowanie metody. Wyniki wskazują, że powierzchnie przepuszczalne stanowiły około 67,4% całego kompleksu, podczas gdy powierzchnie nieprzepuszczalne stanowiły pozostałe 32,6%. Wyniki te mogą mieć wpływ na zarządzanie wodami opadowymi, kontrolę zanieczyszczeń, zapobieganie powodziom, zarządzanie kryzysowe i ustalanie opłat za wodę opadową dla poszczególnych nieruchomości. Wykorzystanie danych teledetekcyjnych i metody SVM zapewnia cenne podejście do wizualizacji powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych i poprawy zarządzania użytkowaniem gruntów miejskich.

10

Research on landslide hazard assessment in data‑deficient areas: a case study of Tumen City, China

Li Xia, Cheng Jiulong, Yu Dehao, Han Yangchun

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 4

1763--1774

EN

With the development of economy, the urbanization process is accelerated and the infrastructure construction is increased, which leads to the widespread occurrence of landslides in mountain areas all over the world. However, due to the complex geological environment or some other reasons, the lack of landslide-related data in some mountainous areas makes it more difficult to predict landslides. At the same time, the existing models have different prediction effects in different regions, and it is difficult for a single model to objectively and accurately evaluate landslide hazard. The purpose of this research is to complete the landslide hazard assessment (LHA) in data-deficient areas by proposed a combination model with help of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology. Firstly, 146 landslides and 10 LHA conditioning factors in Tumen City were obtained by using RS, GIS and field investigation. To increase the amount of model training data, 386 landslides (including 146 landslides in Tumen City) in some areas of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture with similar landslide conditions to Tumen City were obtained. Secondly, three combination models for LHA are proposed, which make full use of the effective information provided by logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM), and the evaluation effect and applicability of the three combination models are discussed. Finally, the three combination models and three single models of logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) are analyzed and compared through the overall accuracy (OA), confusion matrix and landslide density. The results show that it can effectively complete the landslide hazard assessment in data-deficient areas with help of RS and GIS, and the three combination models proposed in this research are superior to the other three single models, and the evaluation effect of the LA-SVM combination model is the best.

11

Research on garden landscape reconstruction based on geographic information system under the background of deep learning

Cui Ying

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 3

1491--1513

EN

In the context of deep learning, this paper combines the arbitration mechanism to propose a GAN (Arbi-DCGAN) model based on the arbitration mechanism. First, the network structure of the proposed improved algorithm is composed of generator, discriminator and arbitrator. Then, the generator and the discriminator will conduct adversarial training according to the training plan and strengthen the ability of generating images and distinguishing the authenticity of the images according to the characteristics learned from the data set. Secondly, the arbitrator is composed of the generator, discriminator and measurement score computation module that have undergone the previous adversarial training. The arbitrator will feed back the results of the metric generator and discriminator adversarial training to the training plan. Finally, a winning limit is added to the network structure to improve the stability of model training, and the Circle loss function is used to replace the BCE loss function, which makes the model optimization process more flexible and the convergence state more clear. On the basis of geographic information system, this paper uses 325 meticulously annotated sample plans to establish a data set for deep learning, and trains the Arbi-DCGAN model to achieve the task of extracting land plots of different land types in the plan, as well as from the plane color block map to the color texture. The rendering and generation of the map complete the reconstruction task of the garden landscape. In addition, we further evaluate the results of the model's reconstruction of the garden landscape from the aspects of image quality, correct standardization and color expression. The training model has the potential to be applied to land type analysis and plane rendering in landscape architecture cases, helping designers improve the efficiency of analysis and drawing.

12

Remote sensing and multi criterion analysis for identifying suitable rainwater harvesting areas

Debebe Yalembrhan, Otterpohl Ralf, Islam Zubairul

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 2

855--872

EN

Water scarcity and soil erosion are the main constraints small holder farmers are facing in Tigray, the northern most part of Ethiopia. Both very high and very low precipitation can cause a damage to agriculture which is the case in semi-arid regions like Tigray. While too little rainfall cannot support the growth of crops resulting in crop failure, the short but intense rainfall also causes a runoff thereby washing away essential soil nutrients. Installation of different micro/macro-catchment rainwater harvesting can address both water scarcity and soil erosion if they are properly designed prior to construction. This research was intended to develop a methodology for identifying suitable rainwater harvesting (rwh) sites by using weighted overlay analysis. It also utilizes Ahp (analytical hierarchy process) as effective multi-criterion decision-making tool in eastern Tigray at Kilte Awlaelo district on an area of 1001 km2 . This method was chosen because it is simple to use, cost effective, flexible and widely adopted. Physical, hydrological, climate and socio-economic aspects were taken into account during criteria selection. The result indicated four suitability classes with 8.74% highly suitable areas (85.25 km2 ), 56% suitable areas (550.75 km2 ), 30.8% moderately suitable areas (303.2 km2 ) and 4.46% less suitable areas (43.87 km2 ). The produced rwh suitability map was also validated by both ground truth on google earth pro and a field trip to the study site. In situ and ex situ rwh including bench terraces, wells, and enclosure areas were identified during the field visit that verified the suitability model. Finally, depending on weight and scale of criteria and sub-criteria that matched to each identified suitable areas, different micro-catchment and macro-catchment techniques of water harvesting are recommended. This methodology can be utilized as decision-making tool for rwh practitioners, local and foreign organizations working on soil water conservation programmes and policy-makers during their early planning stages.

13

Delineating groundwater potential zones using an integrated geospatial and geophysical approach in Phuentsholing, Bhutan

Gyeltshen Sangay, Kannaujiya Suresh, Chhetri Indra Kumar, Chauhan Prakash

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 1

341--357

EN

Groundwater can serve as an alternative measure to solve the scarcity in perennial water sources. In this perspective, a study has been carried out in Phuentsholing, Bhutan, for demarcating the most probable zone for groundwater source by an integrated application of geospatial and geophysical survey. The seven contributing factors (i.e. geology, geomorphology, drainage, landuse landcover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lineament, and slope are evaluated. Subsequently, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also carried out to normalize the weightage and rank of the individual factors, which are further overlaid using the Weighted Index Overlay (WIO) algorithm. The resultant groundwater potential was categorized into: extremely high (0.7%), high (54%), moderate (12.5%), low (21%), and extremely low (12%) potential zones. Each of this category is further validated by Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES-3) using Schlumberger electrode configuration and identified the most probable groundwater exploration zones towards the south-western parts of the study area. Thus, the study emphasizes on significant role of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) in aggregation with the geophysical and statistical measures to delineate the most probable location for groundwater resources in the Himalayan region.

14

Land Use/Land Cover change detection in the wetlands. A case study: Al-Aba Oasis, west of Ras Tanura, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Chouari Walid

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 53

229--237

EN

In addition to unthinking anthropogenic meddling with the subtle ecological balance, the territories of Al-Aba Oasis are witnessing various Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes. Comprehending LULC is a central facet of upholding a sustainable, friendly, and fit environment. This paper presents a spatiotemporal study of land use and land cover trends in the wetlands of Al-Aba Oasis, an ecologically sensitive area in the west of Ras Tanura in the east of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study area faces several environmental problems, including the rise in groundwater levels, expansion of agricultural land, urban expansion, and anthropogenic interference with the ecological balance. In this paper, a verified representation of the changes in each LULC class has been made using satellite images. Remote sensing imagery is helpful for studying temporal changes in LULC and providing environmental monitoring data. We analysed Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2 imagery for 1985, 2000, and 2021. The overall precision besides the kappa coefficient for precision assessment indicates the relevance of the LULC classification. LULC map products were overlaid and interpreted based on post-classification change detection methods. The LULC aspects were classified into six classes: water body, waterlogged area, sabkha soil, sandy area, cultivated area, and built-up area. The results prove that from 2001 to 2021, the extension of the built-up area (2.6%) and agricultural land (6.85%) is directly proportional to the population growth (36.5% between 1992 and 2004) and the sabkhas are subject to constant metamorphosis under the joint influence of urban and agricultural land expansion. 100 samples were collected for the years 1986, 2001, and 2021 to assess the accuracy. We reviewed the outcomes of this study by evaluating the accuracy (77, 81, and 84% for 1986, 2001, and 2021 respectively) and comparing the field truth using a GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor. The results of this study are useful in the development of environmental policies during the development of sustainable territorial development programmes of the oasis.

15

Assessment of soil erosion using the GIS-based erosion potential method in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed, Northeast Algeria

Zeghmar Amer, Marouf Nadir, Mokhtari Elhadj

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

133--144

EN

Soil erosion is an important factor that should be considered when planning renewable natural resource projects, effects of which can be measured by modelling techniques. Therefore, disintegration models determine soil loss intensity and support soil conservation practices. This study estimates soil loss rates by water erosion using the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed located in Northeast Algeria. The area is north to south sub-humid to semi-arid, receives irregular rainfall, and has steep slopes and low vegetation cover which makes it very vulnerable to erosion. The main factors in the EPM (soil erodibility, soil protection, slope, temperature, and rainfall) were evaluated using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and data provided by remote sensing technologies. The erosion intensity coefficient Z was 0.60, which indicates medium erosion intensity. While the results showed the average annual soil erosion of 17.92 Mg∙ha-1∙y -1, maximum and minimum losses are 190.50 Mg∙ha-1∙y-1 and 0.21 Mg∙ha-1∙y-1, respectively. The EPM model shows satisfactory results compared to some studies done in the basin, where the obtained results can be used for more appropriate management of land and water resources, sustainable planning, and environmental protection.

16

Assessment of Biotope Suitability of Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria) in the Region of Hoggar (Southern Algerian Sahara)

Boultif Meriem, Boulghobra Nouar, Bakroune Nourelhouda, Deghiche-Diab Nacima

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

171--180

EN

Upsurges of desert locusts can cause heavy economic and agricultural losses and threaten the food security of millions of people over dozens of countries. Therefore, monitoring and spatial delimitation of their habitats are necessary for biological control studies and sampling, especially on large surfaces. This study aimed to assess and map suitable biotopes for desert locusts in southern Algeria, through a GIS tool, by integrating multicriteria analysis (Analytical Hierarchy Process) as a decision-making tool for preventive methods, biological control and research. The result is a resolution map, classified into four different zones according to pixel values. The results revealed that 28.51% of the study area is an unsuitable biotope for desert locusts, 35.92% is a survival biotope, 19.5% is a suitable biotope mainly for breeding and eggs lying and 16.05% is highly suitable for desert locust gregarization and concentration. This study offers a simplified mapping procedure to assess locust habitats for decision-making and studies in large areas.

17

AHP and GIS-Based Site Selection for a Sanitary Landfill: Case of Settat Province, Morocco

Benezzine Ghizlane, Zouhri Abdeljalil, Koulali Yahya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

1--13

EN

In Morocco, solid household waste is often disposed of in open air in unsuitable sites, causing adverse effects on humans and the environment. In the province of Settat, there are eight uncontrolled landfills. The present study aimed to determine the most suitable sites from an environmental and economic point of view to ensure good management on a regional scale. The investigation involved a combination of a multi-criteria method (the AHP analytical hierarchy process) and a GIS geographic information system (ArcGIS) with ten criteria: distance from the ground water, water surfaces, drilling, settlements, forests, roads, highway, land use, slope, and elevation. The suitability map showed that about 18.5% of the study area is suitable for installing a sanitary landfill.

18

Network analyses with the use of spatial databases

Budkowski Szczepan

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 3

93--102

EN

An analysis is the process of browsing and searching for specific information from an entire dataset. The simplest analysis that can be performed on the data is visual analysis. However, it does not provide absolute certainty as to correctness and quality. A more advanced way of selecting required data is computer-based analysis. Analytical operations are performed on the data entered into the computer. The user defines the query, and the program performs calculations and displays the answer on the monitor screen. The aim of this publication is to conduct network analyses with the use of spatial databases. Besides focusing on the analysis as the leading research method, the paper also adopts this method to analyze the literature on the subject. In addition, the paper points to the complementary roles of the raster model and the vector model, emphasizing their coexistence. The paper shows a variety of applications of GIS analyses, from simple buffers around selected areas, through selection, and the intersection of layers, to network analyses. The high degree of advancement of GIS tools allows to build advanced models in which analyses that go beyond the original application of the collected databases can be run.

19

Use of GIS, Remote Sensing and Analytical Hierarchy Process for Groundwater Potential Assessment in an Arid Region – A Case Study

Jari Abdessamad, Bachaoui El Mostafa, Jellouli Amine, El Harti Abderrazak, Khaddari Achraf, El Jazouli Aafaf

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

234--255

EN

This research aims to evaluate the groundwater potentiality in the arid region “Telmzoun” located in the south of Morocco using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model of multi-criteria analysis in conjunction with geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. The used methodology to generate the groundwater potential map starts with the preparation of thematic layers of different factors influencing the existence of groundwater, such as precipitation, lithology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, slope, in addition to the proximity of the hydrographic network. Groundwater potential map was prepared using relative weights derived from the AHP. The results were mapped on ArcGIS 10.2 and validated using the existing borehole data and the ROC curve. The accuracy of the generated map reached over 70%. It represents five classes of groundwater potential that are as follows: very high potential areas consisting of 10.5% (2.14 km2), high potential representing a rate of 27.2% (5.53 km2), moderate potential areas consisting of 30% (6.06 km2), low potential 20.5% (4.17 km2) and very low potential areas showing a rate of 11.8% (2.40 km2) of the total study area. The results obtained are satisfactory and consist of a guide map to be used effectively in direct future groundwater exploration campaigns and to minimize various field costs.

20

Quantification and Evaluation of Water Erosion by RUSLE/GIS Approach in the Ykem Watershed (Western Morocco)

Aoufa Mohameden, Baghdad Bouamar, El Hadi Hassan, Chakiri Saïd, Hamoud Ahmed, Zoraa Noura, Zerdeb Mohammed Amine, Moussa Karima

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

42--53

EN

The Water erosion of soils considered the main cause of soil degradation in Morocco. Soil erosion not only reduces agricultural productivity but also reduces water availability, and negatively contributes to the quality of drinking water sources. Consequently, the assessment of soil erosion risk has become the objective of several researches at the Moroccan level. It is in this context the purpose of this study is to assess the soil erosion risk using a Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) / Geographic Information System (GIS) approach at the scale of the watershed of the Oued Ykem (western Morocco). (GIS) techniques were adopted to process the data obtained at the watershed scale, of reasonable spatial resolution (30 m) for the application of the RUSLE model. The latter is a multiplication of the five factors of erosion: the rainfall erosivity (R), the soil erodibility (K), the slope length and steepness (LS), the cover and management and the support practice (P). Each of these factors has been expressed as a thematic map. The Oued Ykem watershed is an elongated coastal basin with an area of 516 km2. It is part of the Atlantic coastal basins of western Morocco. It is located southwest of the city of Rabat. Oued Ykem is characterized by a semi-arid climate with oceanic influence. Rare and irregular rains, mostly stormy in nature, combined with deforestation, cause erosion and irregular flow. Its flow-rate increases during the winter. Extreme flows-rate can be recorded after exceptional and very intense showers upstream of the basin. The resulting soil loss map, with an average erosion rate varying from 0 to 54 t/ha/year, showed low erosion. Areas with a strong erosion rate exceeding 30 t/ ha/ year cover about 3.8 % of the basin area. The analysis of the erosion risk map, in comparison with the maps of the different factors in the equation, showed a clear and important influence of the vegetation cover on the soil erosion (C factor is from 0.03 to 0.9), followed by the topographic factor, especially the slope (LS factor varies from 0 to 56.71).