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1

Analysis of the market structure of long-distance transport vehicles in the context of retrofitting diesel engines with modern dual-fuel systems

Chojnowski Janusz, Karczewski Mirosław

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 1

13--17

EN

This work contains considerations on the structure of the road tractor market in Poland in the context of their types of fuel supply systems and the possibility of adapting modern dual-fuel solutions in them. The current injection solutions in most vehicles available on the market indicate the possibility of highly effective use of modern dual-fuel or RCCI fuel supply solutions.

2

Evaluation of the diesel engine feed by unified battlefield fuel F-34/F-35 mixed with biocomponents

Karczewski Mirosław

Combustion Engines

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2019

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R. 58, nr 3

240--246

EN

The problem of the military vehicles engines fuelling increases with the growth of the amount of vehicles in the armies. At the same time, another problem with fuel supply in modern engines is the use of bio component additives, which changes characteristics (quality) of the used fuels. Therefore, it is important to take actions to adapt engines to powering with fuels coming from renewable sources. The aim of the research was to evaluate the possibility of feeding the diesel engine (influence on the useful parameters and composition) with mixtures of the unified battlefield fuel F-34/F-35 with biocomponents in the form of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and RME. The tests were conducted during fuelling of the engine with six kinds of fuels: basic fuel (diesel oil), NATO code F-34/F-35 fuel, as well as fuel mixtures: F-34 and RME with different ratio and F-34/F-35 with bioethanol. In the result of the research it was concluded that the parameters of the G9T Renault engine with the common rail fuel system in terms of F-34 and RME consumption (using) decreased in comparison to diesel oil basic fuel. It is not possible to supply the engine with the mixture of ethyl alcohol and F-34 fuel - alcohol precipitation and obliteration of fuel system components.

3

Influence of the F-34 unified battlefield fuel with bio components on usable parameters of the IC engine

Karczewski M., Szczęch L.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 3

358--366

EN

The problem of the military vehicles engines fuelling increases with the growth of the amount of vehicles in the armies. At the same time, another problem with fuel supply in modern engines is the use of bio component additives, which changes characteristics (quality) of the used fuels. Therefore, it is important to take actions to adapt engines to powering with fuels coming from renewable sources. The aim of the research was to define the influence of an engine supplying fuel on work parameters and exhaust gases composition in the G9T Renault diesel engine. The tests were conducted during fuelling of the engine with six kinds of fuels: basic fuel (diesel oil), NATO code F-34 fuel, as well as fuel mixtures: F-34 and RME with different ratio. In the result of the research it was concluded that the parameters of the G9T Renault engine with the common rail fuel system in terms of F-34 and RME consumption (using) decreased in comparison to diesel oil basic fuel.

PL

Problemy zasilania silników pojazdów wojskowych narastają wraz ze wzrostem liczby pojazdów w armiach. Silniki tłokowe i turbinowe wykorzystują paliwa różniące się zakresem temperatury destylacji. Dodatkowym problemem przy zasilaniu współczesnych silników spalinowych jest konieczność stosowania biokomponentów, które mogą zmieniać właściwości paliw podstawowych i wpływać na pogorszenie przebiegu spalania. Dlatego też konieczne jest podejmowanie działań prowadzących do zbadania wpływu paliw pochodzących ze źródeł odnawialnych na parametry pracy silników. Celem badań było ocena wpływu zastosowanego paliwa na parametry użyteczne i skład spalin tłokowego silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym Renault G9T. Badania przeprowadzono podczas zasilania silnika sześcioma rodzajami paliwa: paliwem podstawowym, jakim był olej napędowy, paliwem lotniczym o kodzie NATO F-34, mieszaninami paliw: F-34 i estrów metylowych wyższych kwasów tłuszczowych oleju rzepakowego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że parametry silnika Renault G9T z wysokociśnieniowym układem wtrysku, zasilanego paliwem F-34 i biokomponentami uległy pogorszeniu w stosunku do podstawowego paliwa, jakim był olej napędowy, co może mieć znaczenie przy wykorzystaniu tego rodzaju paliw w silnikach pojazdów wojskowych.

4

Metodyka badania emisji z układu zasilania paliwem w rzeczywistych warunkach eksploatacji

Taubert S.

Transport Samochodowy

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2015

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z. 3

45--60

PL

Znajomość emisji zanieczyszczeń z transportu, w tym z pojazdów samochodowych, jest potrzebna w celu oceny zmniejszenia emisji zanieczyszczeń niezbędnego do spełnienia wymagań norm czystości powietrza, sporządzania ocen oddziaływania na środowisko inwestycji w zakresie ochrony środowiska i transportu, czy też oceny skuteczności podejmowanych w kraju działań dotyczących ograniczenia zanieczyszczenia środowiska przez transport. Do przeprowadzania takich ocen niezbędna jest znajomość wskaźników emisji. Jednym ze źródeł emisji zanieczyszczeń z pojazdów jest układ zasilania paliwem. Emisja z układu zasilania jest umownie dzielona na trzy rodzaje: - powstającą w wyniku dobowej zmiany temperatury otoczenia, - powstającą po zatrzymaniu częściowo lub całkowicie nagrzanego silnika samochodu, - powstającą podczas jazdy. W stosowanych metodykach CORINAIR i MEET emisja z układu zasilania wyznaczana jest jako suma określonej w oddzielnych, niezależnych testach emisji powstającej w w/wym. warunkach. Metoda ta jest słuszna tylko w przypadku nieużywania pojazdu w ciągu doby. W pozostałych przypadkach stosowanie tej metody prowadzi do zawyżania wartości emisji z układu zasilania w rzeczywistych warunkach eksploatacji. W artykule porównano wyniki badań emisji z układu zasilania w rzeczywistych warunkach eksploatacji otrzymane za pomocą metodyk zalecanych przez CORINAIR i MEET oraz metodyką opracowaną w ITS.

EN

The knowledge about the emissions from the transport, including motor vehicles, is needed to evaluate the emission reductions necessary to meet the requirements of air quality standards, preparation of environmental impact assessments of the investments into environmental protection and transport, or to evaluate the effectiveness of the country's actions to reduce environmental pollution from transport. To conduct such assessments it is necessary to know the emission indicators. One of the sources of emissions from vehicles is the fuel supply system. Emissions from the fuel supply are, by convention, divided into three types: - formed due to daily changes in ambient temperature, - arising after stopping, partially or fully, warmed-up car engine - produced during driving. In the CORINAIR and MEET methodologies used, the emission from the fuel supply system is determined as the sum of the, specified in separate independent tests, emissions occurring in the aforementioned conditions. This method is correct only in the case of the vehicle not being used in 24 hours. In other cases, the use of this method leads to an overstatement of the value of the emissions from the fuel supply system under real operating conditions. The article compares the results of the emissions tests from the fuel supply system under real operating conditions obtained using the methodology recommended by the CORINAIR and MEET and methodology developed at ITS.

5

Effect to the fuel system type on energy, economic and environmental indicators of the spark-ignition engine work

Ambrozik A., Ambrozik T., Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Jankowski R., Kowalczyk W.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 3

7--14

EN

The paper presents selected results of tests on the Fiat Panda I car powered by 1.2 dm3 spark ignition engine. The engine had production installed fuel system with the single-point petrol injection. To improve its in-service performance, the engine was fitted with the multi-point injection fuel system. The assessment of the indicators of the work of the engine, fitted with single-point, or alternatively, multi-point injection fuel system, was conducted on the basis of the tests performed on the MAHA chassis dynamometer. First, tests were run for single-point injection fuel system. Next, the same tests were performed when the engine was fitted with the multi-point injection fuel system. In the tests, engine power, torque, fuel consumption and the concentrations of the exhaust gas components were measured. The latter included carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide C02, hydrocarbons HC, nitrogen oxides NOx, and oxygen 02. AVL Digas 4000 exhaust gas analyser was used to take measurements of the concentrations of the basic components of the exhaust gas and of the excess air ratio %u03BB. The investigations were conducted by performing the inertia test and by using the dynamometer to determine the basic indicators of the engine operation. In the investigations, the crankshaft rotational speed ranged from 1500 to 6500 rpm with 500 rpm step. The experimental results made it possible to evaluate how the manner and site of fuel delivery affect the engine -work indicators.

6

Application of the theory of semi-markov processes to determine a limiting distribution of the process of changes of ability and inability states of fuel supply systems in heavy fuel diesel engines

Girtler J.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2013

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Vol. 8, no 1

39--48

EN

The paper presents applicability of the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine a limiting distribution of the process of changes of technical states of fuel systems for marine engines running on heavy fuel oils. The proposed study of this process includes the components of such fuel systems like: 1 - injectors, 2 - high pressure hoses, 3 - injection pumps, 4 - low pressure hoses, 5 – fine filters, 6 - coarse filters, 7 – fuel-feed pump, 8 – fuel heater and 9 – viscosistat with a viscometer. A semi-Markov state transition model consisting of ten states has been developed for such systems. Application of technical diagnostics has been pointed to be necessary to investigate the state transition process for the systems. The conclusions presented furthermore in the paper provide advantages which (according to the author) are of the most importance in the design and operation phases of fuel systems in marine diesel engines that run on heavy fuel oils.

7

Conversion of Fiat 0.9 MultiAir engine to multi - fuelling

Ambrozik A., Ambrozik T., Kurczyński D., Łagowski P.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 4

9--15

EN

The development of human civilisation has always been related to an increase in energy demand. The growth of transportation and an increase in the number of automobile vehicles in service produce a rising demand for fuel. Before piston IC engine is replaced with a different effective power source, it is necessary to use gaseous fuels on a larger scale than ever before. The natural resources of gaseous fuels are estimated to be much higher than crude oil reserves. Additionally, engines can run on biogas, i.e. gaseous renewable fuel. The use of gaseous fuels means lowering the harmful effect engines produce on the natural environment. Multi-fuelling, i.e. switching from one fuel to another, could be an advantageous feature of automobile combustion engine, both from the user’s standpoint and with respect to environmental concerns. Gaseous fuels have desirable properties that are especially suitable for fuel of spark ignition engines. The paper presents the engine test bench constructed at the Laboratory of Heat Engines of the Kielce University of Technology. The test stand comprises modern spark ignition engine Fiat 0.9 MultiAir and the eddy-current brake. At the test stand, the engine was converted to fuelling with three fuels, namely petrol, LPG gas blends and compressed natural gas (CNG). The engine could run alternatively on the three fuels mentioned above. The stand is equipped with an external unit to control the engine work, which makes it possible to extend the range of the engine investigations.

8

Analiza sposobów zapewnienia małej emisji (w tym metanu) z silników spalinowych zasilanych gazem ziemnym

Khatchiyan A. S., Kuznetsov V. E., Shishlov I. G.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2006

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R. 45, nr 2

58-66

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wolnossących i turbodoładowanych silników typu V zasilanych gazem ziemnym. W celu zmniejszenia emisji z tych silników opracowano i przebadano oryginalny system zasilania zapewniający dokładne sterowanie składem mieszanki gazowo-powietrznej w obu rzędach cylindrów. Stwierdzono, że zmniejszenie emisji związków toksycznych wymaga precyzyjnego sterowania składem mieszanki gazowo-powietrznej, zastosowania mieszanki ubogiej na obciążeniach częściowych, regulowanego turbodoładowania i odpowiedniego doboru reaktorów z palladową warstwą katalityczną.

EN

The results of research work on unsupercharged and turbocharged V-type engines with natural gas fuelling system have been presented in the paper. For lower emission the original gas supply system has been designed which ensures very proper control of air-fuel ratio in both cylinder banks. It was stated, that lowering the emission needs very precise control of gas-air ratio, application of lean mixture on partial loads, control of turbocharging and appropriate choice of converters with palladium catalytic coach.