Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Optical-graphic studies of hydrogen additives’ effects on diesel fuel atomization parameters

Shalapko Denys

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

135--146

EN

This paper considers a promising method of enhancing the effectiveness of diesel engines. This method uses the addition of hydrogen in a small amount (up to 2% by mass). The hydrogen additive is added to the high-pressure fuel line before the injector. Based on the experimental findings, a reduction in the engine’s specific fuel consumption of up to 3% was achieved in comparison to the baseline configuration. A research study was conducted at the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding using a newly established experimental setup to assess the impact of hydrogen additives on primary fuel delivery, spray characteristics, and overall engine performance. Among the experiments conducted, one investigated fuel atomization parameters, focusing on how the presence of hydrogen in the fuel influenced the fuel jet’s characteristics. A high-speed camera with a high resolution was used to record the optical-graphic study to isolate and extract individual shots of the torch’s expansion, thus obtaining images devoid of ignition and flickering. After conducting image processing and constructing jet models, along with subsequent analysis, it becomes apparent that the addition of hydrogen to the primary fuel results in an enhancement of spray quality. The torch volume expanded by approximately 10% to 15%, while the jet length diminished by approximately 8% to 10%. Consequently, the average diameter of the atomized fuel droplets decreases by up to 10%, with the extent of reduction contingent upon the initial parameters and configurations.

2

Determination of fuel atomization quality in compression ignition engines using acoustic emission signal

Klyus Oleh, Rajewski Przemysław, Lebedevas Sergeus, Olszowski Sławomir

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 4

83--91

EN

The analysis of fuel injection processes in diesel engines showed the convergence of physical parameters affecting the mean diameter of the Sauter SMD (selected as a spray quality parameter) of the atomized fuel droplets and the parameters of the acoustic signal emission originating from the spring waves accompanying the atomization process. In experimental studies, the laser diffraction method was used to measure the atomization quality with the Malvern Spraytec device. For the acoustic signal recording and processing there was used the measurement set with a Fujicera 1045S sensor. The correlation between the values of the Sauter diameter and the energy of the acoustic signal has been obtained on the basis of which a method has been developed to assess the quality of fuel atomization in compression ignition engines by measuring the acoustic signal recorded during the fuel injection process.

3

Operational evaluation of atomization indicators for gasoline with admixtures of ethanol and butanol during Keep-Clean tests

Pielecha Ireneusz, Stępień Zbigniew

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 62, iss. 2

123--137

EN

The global policy of reducing road transport sector pollution requires the introduction of significantly modified already in use technologies and construction solutions. Currently, direct fuel injection technology is the best solution in terms of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of standard pollutants into the atmosphere, as well as further improving the engine performance. In terms of exhaust emissions, direct injection spark ignition engines are characterized by significantly higher exhaust emissions of particulate matter (approximately 10 times higher) compared to indirect fuel injection SI engines, they show a greater tendency to knocking combustion and are prone to the formation of harmful deposits on engine parts, including in the fuel injectors. The injector tips located in the combustion chamber are exposed to the direct influence of the very high pressure and temperature caused by the combusting fuel-air mixture, which contributes to the rapid formation of harmful deposits. Operation-based injectors contamination in spark ignition engines results in a reduction of the cross-sectional flow diameter of the injector, which then necessitates the extension of the injection time in order to maintain the fuel dose and the expected engine operating parameters. The tests were carried out on an engine dynamometer and an optical test stand for fuel atomization process. The presented research analyzes indicate the possibility of using admixtures that effectively reduce the likelihood of contamination. The paper presents a results analysis of engine tests performed in accordance with the CEC F-113-KC procedure. Additionally, the injectors were tested to conduct an analysis of the injected fuel stream’s geometric indicators. The range, surface area and speed of the injected fuel stream as well as the fuel distribution in the stream were determined based on an equivalent indicator. The obtained results indicated that ethanol and butanol admixtures of 10% (V/V) to gasoline did not significantly extend the fuel injection time as compared to the reference fuel. A further increase in the proportion of ethanol caused a significant deterioration of the fuel flow and the geometric indicators of the fuel spray.

4

Environmental Aspects of a Common Rail Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel/Diesel Blends

Lotko Wincenty, Smigins Ruslans, Tziourtzioumis Dimitrios, Górska Milena

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 5

192--201

EN

The purpose of the study was the research concerning the emissions of limited exhaust gas components of the AVL research engine equipped with Common Rail injection system, fuelled with different biodiesel blends and diesel fuel as reference. In details, the engine was powered with mixtures of rapeseed methyl esters (RME) with DF in the volumetric ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50. The tests were performed at: 1200, 1700 and 2200 rpm and the torque T = 5…35 Nm (step 5 Nm). The analysis of the obtained results showed that the emissions of hydrocarbons (HC) from the tested engine fuelled with biodiesel are lower than that of diesel fuel. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are also lower, except for low rotational speeds and low engine load T = 5…20 Nm. As for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, it is also lower than that for the diesel fuel, except for high engine loads, in the range above 25 Nm, for each rotation speed of the engine load characteristics. Moreover, in this research it was confirmed that emission of particulate matter (PM) is also slightly reduced for the engine fuelled with tested blends.

5

Unrepeatability of the Fuel Injection and Combustion Processes in the Diesel Engine Fuelled with Renewable Fuel

Lotko Wincenty

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 4

68--77

EN

Despite the fact that more than a hundred years have passed since the first design of the compression ignition (CI) engine appeared, its optimal design has not yet been achieved. It is still the subject of constant modernisation in order to meet the new expectations of users in terms of its dynamics, economy, and, in recent months, also ecology. The most effective fulfillment of these requirements is achieved through new solutions of the fuel supply system and electronic control of injection and combustion processes. The publication includes the test results obtained on the basis of two engines. One of them is the single-cylinder CI engine AVL5402, and the other one – a threecylinder CI engine AD3.152. The first one is equipped with the Common Rail fuel supply system, electronically controlled with the selenoid injector. The second engine has a CAV distributor fuel injection pump and traditional, mechanical controlled injectors. The paper demonstrates how these two different structural systems for supplying and controlling engine parameters affect the selected indicators of the injection and combustion process. The influence of diesel fuel (DF) and rapeseed oil (RO) feeding the engine in both different injection and control systems on the unrepeatibility of the injection pressure on the maximum combustion pressures in the engine cylinder and, consequently, non-uniformity of the crankshaft rotational movement of the engine were also pointed out. The continuation of the research in this area seems to be expedient. They can be supplemented with statistical models of these phenomena. The results obtained in this way could be helpful in optimising the design of power supply systems and engine combustion chambers.

6

Badania porównawcze składu osadów na wtryskiwaczach paliwa w silnikach z zapłonem samoczynnym

Stępień Z., Krasodomski W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2018

|

T. 97, nr 1

69--76

PL

Przygotowano trzy oleje napędowe oparte na handlowym oleju napędowym zawierającym starzone FAME, do którego dodano w postaci 1-litrowych przedmieszek roztwór 2-etyloheksanianu sodu w 2-etyloheksanolu i kwas dodecylobursztynowy lub imid kwasu poliizobutylenobursztynowego PIBSI (polyisobutylenesuccinimide), uwodorniony dimer kwasu oleinowego i kwas mrówkowy lub azotan 2-etyloheksylu i PIBSI, a następnie spalono je w silniku z zapłonem samoczynnym, badając wytworzone na elementach wtryskiwaczy paliwa osady zewnętrzne (koksowe) i wewnętrzne. Przedstawiono wyniki porównawczych ocen składu zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych osadów wtryskiwaczy silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym, analizowanego metodą spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera. Potwierdzono, że spotykane w olejach napędowych zanieczyszczenia i związki chemiczne stanowiące różne dodatki uszlachetniające mogą tworzyć szkodliwe osady na wtryskiwaczach paliwa, w postaci zewnętrznych osadów koksowych, jak również wewnętrznych osadów karboksylowych. Osady te są produktami starzenia imidu PIBSI oraz estrów.

EN

Three aged gas-oil based motor oils were prepd. by addn. of (i) ethylhexanol soln. of Na ethylhexanoate (Na content 0.5 ppm) and dodecylsuccinic acid (70 ppm), or (ii) polyisobutylenesuccinimide PIBSI (120 ppm), hydrogenated di(oleic acid) (100 ppm) and HCOOH, or (iii) fatty acid Me ester (10% by vol.), 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (500 ppm), and PIBSI (120 ppm) and then combusted in Diesel engine to study both external coke deposits and internal carboxylic acid ones on fuel injector and nozzle surfaces. The Fourier transform IR study showed the presence of products of additive oxidn. and amide structures.

7

Simulation study of the injectior location impact on the combustion process thermodynamic indicators of a spark ignition combustion engine

Sidorowicz M., Pielecha I.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 70, No. 1

39--50

EN

This article is an introduction to the comprehensive study of the impact of fuel injectors placement for an internal combustion SI engine with direct gasoline injection. Ultimately, the study will focus on the applications for a fuel supply system simultaneously injecting two liquid fuels, which will help identify the qualitative and quantitative phenomena related to fuel injection and combustion in a novel solution. Designing the system correctly requires performing simulator tests for simpler systems – with one injector placed in the combustion chamber. The article presents a study of the change in angular position of the injector as well as a change of its location in the combustion chamber.

PL

Artykuł jest wstępem do kompleksowych badań wpływu umiejscowienia wtryskiwaczy paliwa zasilającego silnik spalinowy o ZI wyposażony w bezpośredni wtrysk benzyny. Docelowo studium skupiać się będzie na wnioskach dotyczących układu zasilającego dwoma różnymi paliwami płynnymi równocześnie, co przyczyni się do zidentyfikowania jakościowego i ilościowego zjawisk związanych z wtryskiem i spalaniem w nowatorskim rozwiązaniu. Poprawne zaprojektowanie układu wymaga przeprowadzenia badań symulacyjnych dotyczących układów prostszych – z jednym wtryskiwaczem umieszczonym w komorze spalania. W artykule zaprezentowano studium obejmujące zmianę kątowego położenia wtryskiwacza oraz jego zmianę położenia w komorze spalania.

8

The use of laser equipment to optimize the operating parameters of the fuel injector of combustion engine

Kowalski M., Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 4

199--206

EN

The conducted tests were aimed at determination of the drop diameters and shaping of the velocity field at different configurations of the test injector. The test results allowed defining the relationship between the injector configuration and the distribution of velocities and dimensions of drops in the fuel stream. The effect of the fuel viscosity and injection pressure on the dimensions of fuel drop diameters and the distribution of the velocity field of drops in the stream were tested. The tests were carried out on a special test rig with a fixed volume chamber. The measurements were carried out with the use of laser Doppler measurement systems (PDPA, LDV). The tests were conducted for seven different fuel types varying in viscosity and surface tension. In addition, the injection pressure from 50 MPa to 130 MPa was applied. The test results allowed determining the relationship between the injector structure configuration, fuel types and fuel additives, and the distribution of velocity and an atomisation spectrum of drops in the fuel stream, and the air impact on the fuel stream.

9

Experimental research on influence of the fuel nozzle geometry on the fuel consumption of the marine 4-stroke diesel engine

Kowalski J., Nagórski J., Sikora G.

Journal of KONES

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2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 2

185--190

EN

The article presents experimental research that has been carried out on a marine, 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged engine. During testing, the engine operated at a constant rotational speed of 750 rpm and a load from 0 kW to 280 kW. The engine was fuelled by diesel oil of known specification and loaded by electric generator with water resistance. The fuel consumption was measured during the engine operation with fuel nozzles with different geometries. The measurement of the fuel consumption was carried out using a weighing system that was designed, constructed, and manufactured by the “KAIZEN” scientific research team at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Gdynia Maritime University. The results of measurements show changes in the fuel consumption by the engine with the geometry of the injected fuel spray. The research facility is Sulzer’s 3- cylinder, 4-stroke, turbocharged AL25/30 piston engine. The fuel system consists of Bosch injection pumps controlled by a rotation speed regulator. Fuel injectors are centrally located in the cylinder heads of the engine.

10

Computational modelling of the fuel injection and combustion in a Diesel K6 rotary engine

Mason M., Wyszyński M. L., Jordan O., Gibson D.

Journal of KONES

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2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 4

263--276

EN

This paper outlines the methods and results of computations completed using the ANSYS Fluent code modelling the fuel injection and combustion within the K6 engine, a new form of rotary engine in which the fuel is injected in an arc across the top of the cylinder. The model uses the DPM Model in conjunction with a dynamic mesh and non-premixed combustion models to treat the injection as liquid diesel evaporating to C12H23. The outcomes of this model are presented in images displaying the distribution of temperature, and fuel and CO2 concentrations. The limitations pertaining to the maximum injection angles are also studied. The simulation is found to be effective and the results suggestive of successful, clean and complete combustion while presenting some matters, which require further investigation. The article presents temperature within the combustion chamber at various crank angle degrees, ) velocity of fluid within the combustion chamber, effects of impingement with injector offset on temperature and fuel concentration, fuel concentration demonstrating impingement, in cylinder temperature curve.

11

Evaluation of the injectors operational wear process based on optical fuel spray analysis

Pielecha I., Skowron M., Mazanek A.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2018

|

Vol. 20, no. 1

83--89

EN

The diagnostics of combustion engine components currently requires the integration of many technical and scientific fields in order to quickly and accurately locate faults or pinpoint the causes of malfunction. This article analyzes the wear of injectors based on the geometric indicators of the fuel spray. Using a number of available parameter data, a selection has been made to best judge the wear of injectors in their operating conditions. Optical fuel spray tests were used to assess the injector wear. Various geometric indicators of the fuel stream have been presented, indicating their diagnostic utility and applicability. In conclusion, it was found that the current injection systems require the combination of mechanical injector diagnostics and advanced optical fuel spray diagnostics.

PL

Diagnostyka elementów silnika spalinowego wymaga obecnie integracji wielu dziedzin techniki i nauki w celu szybkiej i trafnej lokalizacji uszkodzenia lub poszukiwania przyczyn niesprawności. Artykuł dotyczy analizy zużycia wtryskiwaczy na podstawie wskaźników geometrycznych strugi rozpylanego paliwa. Na podstawie kilku dostępnych wielkości badawczych dokonano wyboru pozwalającego najlepiej ocenić zużycie wtryskiwaczy w warunkach ich eksploatacji. Do oceny diagnostycznej zużycia wtryskiwaczy wykorzystano badania optyczne rozpylenia paliwa. Przedstawiono różne wskaźniki geometryczne strugi paliwa, wskazując na ich użyteczność diagnostyczną oraz możliwość zastosowania. W podsumowaniu stwierdzono, że badania obecnych układów wtryskowych wymagają połączenia mechanicznych metod diagnostyki wtryskiwaczy oraz zaawansowanej diagnostyki optycznej rozpylenia paliwa.

12

A new fuel-injection mechatronic control method for direct-injection internal combustion engines

Tutaj J., Fijałkowski B.

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2018

|

Vol. 12, no. 4

276--280

EN

In this paper, a novel fuel-injection mechatronic control method and system for direct injection (DI) internal combustion engines (ICE) is proposed. This method and system is based on the energy saving in a capacitance using DC-DC converter, giving a very fast ON state of the fuel injectors’ electro-magnetic fluidical valves without an application of the initial load current. A fuel-injection controller for the DI ICEs that provides a very short rising time of an electromagnet-winding current in an initial ON state of the fuel-injector’s electromagnetic fluidical valves, which improves a fuel-injection controller reliability and simplify its construction, is presented. Due to a number of advantages of afore -mentioned fuel-injection mechatronic control method and system, it may be utilised for the DI ICEs with fuel injectors dedicated to all types of liquid and/or gas fuels, for example, gasoline, diesel-oil, alkohol, LPG and NPG.

13

The impact of the injection phase of the pilot fuel dosage on the concentration of the nitric oxides in the exhaust gases of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA engine

Ambrozik A., Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Warianek M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2017

|

z. 1/110

67--76

EN

Combustion engines are the main power source in various transport vehicles and industrial machines. They are most frequently used in land transport vehicles, where cars are the major means of transportation and a significant element of social and economic development of most countries. For that reason, the exhaust emission and noise limit standards are continuously tightened and attempts are made to reduce fuel consumption, which translates into significant technological demands for fuel injection systems, used for powering Diesel engines. The paper presents the selected test results of the PERKINS 1104-E44TA Diesel engine, which demonstrate the influence of the pilot fuel dosage on the nitric oxides concentration in the exhaust gases. The results have been obtained for three different angles of pilot dosage injection start. The test was carried out using the Nira control unit, which enables changing the engine regulation parameters. The testing facility was the engine test bench of the Laboratory of Thermal Engines of the Kielce University of Technology. During the tests, the engine was working with three selected load characteristics, and the measured elements included the concentration of nitric oxides in the exhaust gases as well as the basic parameters of the working engine. The tests have revealed that the angle of the pilot dosage injection start has a significant impact upon the course of the combustion process, thereby affecting the concentration of the nitric oxides in the exhaust gases.

PL

Silniki spalinowe stanowią główne źródło napędu w różnego rodzaju środkach transportu, jak również w maszynach roboczych. Najliczniej jednak stosowane są one w środkach transportu lądowego, gdzie pojazdy samochodowe są podstawowymi środkami transportu i stanowią bardzo istotny czynnik rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego większości krajów. Z tego powodu stale zaostrzane są wymagania w obszarze emisji spalin i natężenia hałasu oraz uzyskiwania najniższego zużycia paliwa, a to z kolei stawia coraz większe wymagania dotyczące działania układów wtryskowych wykorzystywanych do zasilania silników o zapłonie samoczynnym. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym PERKINS 1104-E44TA dotyczących wpływu dawki pilotującej na stężenie w spalinach tlenków azotu. Zaprezentowano zestawienie wyników badań dla trzech różnych kątów początku wtrysku dawki pilotującej. Badanie te realizowano przy użyciu zewnętrznej centralki sterującej firmy Nira, która umożliwia zmianę wszystkich parametrów regulacyjnych pracy silnika. Badania przeprowadzono na hamowni silnikowej w Laboratorium Silników Cieplnych Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Podczas badań silnik pracował według trzech wybranych charakterystyk obciążeniowych. W ramach badań dokonywano pomiarów stężenia tlenków azotu w spalinach jak również podstawowych parametrów pracy silnika. Jak wykazały badania kąt początku wtrysku dawki pilotującej ma istotny wpływ na przebieg procesu spalania a tym samym na stężenie tlenków azotu.

14

The influence of diesel oil improvers on indices of atomisation and combustion in high-efficiency engines

Pielecha I., Pielecha J., Skowron M., Mazanek A.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

|

nr 3

99--105

EN

The process of fuel combustion in a diesel engine is determined by factors existing during liquid fuel injection and atomisation. The physicochemical properties of the fuel to a large extent decide upon the quality of this phase of cylinder fuelling. So it is important to ensure appropriate properties of a fuel affecting its atomisation and, as a result, combustion. The paper deals with the topic of diesel oil improvers and the analysis of their influence on atomisation and combustion indices. In the studies base diesel oil and a diesel fuel improved by a package of additives, were used. The process of conventional and improved fuel injection was analysed by using optical examinations. The amount of released heat was evaluated during the studies carried out on combustion. Significant aspects of the applied improvers in relation to fuel injection and its combustion have been indicated.

15

The process of deposit formation on piezoelectric injector of common rail fuel injection system

Jakóbiec J., Wadrzyk M., Cieślikowski B., Mazanek A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

|

Vol. 62, nr 1

48--54

EN

The complexity of the deposit formation process on the components of compression ignition engine, including high-pressure injection Common Rail systems, is gaining global significance. Knowledge related to the mechanisms of their formation and chemical composition is still insufficient and requires further studies. The studies allowed, hypothetically, assuming several mechanisms of their formation, but each of them requires further research in order to be verified and finally confirmed. This is due to high complexity of the factors and conditions that may affect the initiation of the deposit formation, of which the most important are: fuel and additive composition and type of contaminants from fuel production and transport. Deposit physical nature may vary, as it may be soaps, salts of metals or ashless materials like imide or amide of organic polymers. This article contains the results of the research on the assessment of Common Rail injector components contamination and their technical condition, after 80 thousand km operational run, with the use of diesel and biofuel B10.

PL

Złożoność procesu tworzenia się osadów na elementach silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym, zwłaszcza w układzie zasilania Common Rail o wysokim ciśnieniu wtrysku, zyskuje istotne znaczenie. Wiedza związana z mechanizmami ich powstawania a także ich składem chemicznym jest wciąż niewystarczająca i dlatego procesy te wymagają dalszych badań. W badaniach zakłada się hipotetycznie kilka mechanizmów ich powstawania, ale każdy wymaga dalszych analiz w celu weryfikacji dokonanych założeń. Wynika to z dużej złożoności czynników i warunków, które mogą mieć wpływ na zapoczątkowania tworzenia się osadów, z których najważniejszymi są: skład paliwa, pakiety dodatków uszlachetniających oraz rodzaj zanieczyszczeń pochodzących z produkcji paliwa i transportu. Skład fizyko-chemiczny może się różnić, ponieważ mogą one stanowić mydła, sole metali lub materiałów bezpopiołowych oraz polimerów organicznych. W artykule zamieszczono wyniki badań autorów dotyczące oceny zanieczyszczenia i stanu technicznego wtryskiwaczy Common Rail zasilanych olejem napędowym i biopaliwem B10 po przebiegu eksploatacyjnym 80 tys. km.

16

The theoretical investigation on influence the fuel spray geometry on the combustion and emission characteristic of the marine diesel engine

Kowalski J.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 2

101--107

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the influence of the fuel spray geometry on the combustion and emission characteristic of the marine 4-stroke Diesel engine. Presented analysis was prepared based on computational fluid dynamic model (CFD). Initial and boundary conditions of the model as well as data used to model validation were collected during the laboratory study. Calculations were conducted for two different fuel injectors with changed nozzle holes diameters, the number of nozzle holes and the angle between holes axis. The increase of the fuel nozzle holes diameter causes the decrease of the fuel spray tip penetration, but simultaneously the decrease of holes number causes that auto-ignition delay is not changed. The increase of the angle between holes axis from 150° to 158° causes fuel ingintion near cylinder head wall. Result of this is the increase of CO fraction. The deterioration of fuel combustion causes the decrease of NOx mass fraction in the cylinder also.

17

Modelling of transcritical and supercritical nitrogen jets

Antunes E., Silva A., Barata J.

Combustion Engines

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2017

|

R. 56, nr 2

125--132

EN

The present paper addresses the modelling of fuel injection at conditions of high pressure and temperature which occur in a variety of internal combustion engines such as liquid fuel rocket engines, gas turbines, and modern diesel engines. For this investigation a cryogenic nitrogen jet ranging from transcritical to supercritical conditions injected into a chamber at supercritical conditions was modelled. Previously a variable density approach, originally conceived for gaseous turbulent isothermal jets, imploying the Favre averaged Navier-Stokes equations together with a “k-ε” turbulence model, and using Amagats law for the determination of density was applied. This approach allows a good agreement with experiments mainly at supercritical injection conditions. However, some departure from experimental data was found at transcritical injection conditions. The present approach adds real fluid thermodynamics to the previous approach, and the effects of heat transfer. The results still show some disagreement at supercritical conditions mainly in the determination of the potential core length but significantly improve the prediction of the jet spreading angle at transcritical injection conditions.

18

Inflammability evaluation of hydrocarbon fuels mixtures formed directly in the combustion chamber

Sidorowicz M., Pielecha I.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 3

57--65

EN

The proposed article involves an investigation of the processes taking place during the preparation of mixed fuels that are combined directly before combustion. The fuel dose formed in this way must take into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fuels and the amount of air in the process. Given that liquid fuels similar to gasoline (e.g. methanol, ethanol, butanol) are characterized by different properties, their comparison would be useful in order to use their ratio to influence the combustion process. The process of fuel preparation plays a decisive role in this issue. The article describes abilities of modelling the injection of various fuels simultaneously to the combustion chamber for creating fuel mixture directly before ignition. First part of the article consists of analysis of light hydrocarbon fuels mixing abilities, supported with present research data. Next part describes the evaluation of execution of the assumed system – two fuel injectors with analysis of spray penetration. The modelling of the injection and spray was performed in the AVL FIRE 2014.2 environment and the results were presented. The injection possibility was proven by injecting the fuel to the combustion chamber model. Local values of air-fuel ratio, density and ambient pressure were presented to better understand the potential in mixing fuels directly before ignition. The conclusion includes description of fuel mixing abilities, influence of various fuels on creation of a stratified mixture and definition of controllability of charge ignition.

19

Improvement of BSFC and effective NOx and PM reduction by high EGR rates in heavy duty diesel engine

Aoyagi Y.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 4

4--10

EN

The test engine was a turbocharged 10.5L engine with an intercooler. A performance target was set at a rated power of 300 kW (BMEP = 1.7 MPa) and peak torque of 1842 Nm (BMEP = 2.2 MPa). Emission targets were set at a level of near future and stringent regulation standards in Japan. The engine was equipped with new technologies such as a high pressure common rail system, FCD piston, a high pressure ratio VGT and an aftertreatment system. The high and low pressure loop EGR system was installed and this system with a VGT had a high performance and could increase an EGR rate in order to reduce BSNOx while maintaining the satisfied BSFC and PM performance simultaneously not only in the steady state condition but also in the transient condition.

20

Tendencje w rozwoju układów wtrysku paliwa stosowanych w silnikach samochodów ciężarowych

Durczak T., Sander P., Lotko W.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

|

R. 18, nr 12

833--836, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę układów zasilania, stosowanych w pojazdach użytkowych. Usystematyzowano wiedzę na temat rozwiązań technicznych stosowanych w tych układach, jakie pojawiały się wraz ze wzrostem wymagań, jakie stawiane były przez normy ekologiczne oraz użytkowników tych pojazdów.

EN

The article presents an analysis of the fuel systems for vehicles. It systematizes the knowledge of the technologies used which appeared with increasing demands placed by ecological standards and the users of those vehicles.