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Isolation of citronellal and geraniol from citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) oil by vacuum fractional distillation: Effect of operating conditions on the separation

Le Minh-Trung, Vu Duc-Phuong, Nguyen Thanh Ngoc, Le Xuan-Tien

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2023

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Vol. 25, nr 4

67--80

EN

This study used fractional distillation to separate citronellal and geraniol from citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oil to improve their market value. The one-factor-at-a-time methodology investigated operating parameters’ optimum conditions and effects, including system pressure, packing types, and column height. All investigations were evaluated based on their main fraction’s citronellal and geraniol content and recovery. Regarding the effect of the variables, a higher system pressure improved the separation while increasing the temperature range of each fraction and distillation time. The packing types would also improve the separation by providing a large surface area. Finally, the column height also positively impacted the separation. In the optimum citronella oil fractionation, citronellal content experienced a 2.5-fold increase, from 37.68% to 94.33%. Geraniol purity reached 40.61% from an initial content of 17.33% in the raw CW oil. The distillation could recover up to 90.00% of citronellal and 68.18% of geraniol.

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That’s oil!…The Apothecary and the Blood of the Earth

Kozicka-Kołaczkowska Anna

Energy Policy Studies

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2022

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No. 1 (9)

19--27

EN

Petroleum was of little interest to analytical chemistry scholars until the mid-19th century, as they considered it unhelpful to experiment with an explosive chemical compound with niche utility value. The discovery of oil's potential is credited to Polish pharmacists Ignacy Łukasiewicz and Jan Zeh, who performed the chemical separation of oil in a pharmacy laboratory using the scientific method of fractional distillation. The isolation of the kerosene fraction from oil was exploited by Ignacy Łukasiewicz, who created an innovative design for a lamp. Lighting with cheap kerosene became the idea of the explorer, who, with the help of Polish investors, organised the first oil mine and refinery in 1854, laying the foundation for the oil mining and petrochemical industry. Łukasiewicz's lamp, entering mass use, initiated global demand for oil. The accounts of Polish and Austrian historians on the pioneering role of Łukasiewicz in this regard support the arguments from the field of physics and analytical chemistry developed by Wojciech Roeske, who demystifies the amateurish, intuitive methods of oil purification of Łukasiewicz's predecessors, documents the merits of the Pole as a pioneer – an ancestor of the oil industry derived from the tradition of Polish pharmacy.

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Odzysk całkowity rozpuszczalników organicznych.

Stepnowski P.

Recykling

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2005

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nr 3

26-28

PL

Obowiązująca w Polsce od 2001 r. ustawa o odpadach mówi, że posiadacz (wytwórca) odpadu jest obowiązany w pierwszej kolejności do poddania go odzyskowi, a jeżeli z przyczyn technologicznych jest to niemożliwe, to odpady należy unieszkodliwiać w sposób zgodny z wymaganiami ochrony środowiska.