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Foraminifers from the early basin of the Polish Outer Carpathians: relationship with the Western and Eastern Tethys (Tithonian)

Szydło Andrzej

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

70--70

EN

The formation of the Polish part of the Outer Carpathian Basin was initiated by the rifting process which led to the collapse and disintegration of the southern margins of the European Platform in the Late Jurassic. Fragments of carbonate platform were incorporated into the basin structures which divided the area into several sedimentary zones located at different depth. Under these conditions, most of the carbonate sediments were transported to the basin in the form of submarine landslides and gravity flows of varying densities, or accumulated during pelagic sedimentation. These deposits belong to two formations exposed in the westernmost part of the Polish Outer Carpathians, located near the Polish-Czech border. The first is mainly represented by the Tithonian marls (Vendryne Fm.) which also contain redeposited carbonate rocks and fossils (Oxfordian-Tithonian), the second is composed of limestones and marly shales of the late Tithonian-Berriasian (Cieszyn Limestone Fm.). These oldest sedimentary rocks in the Polish Outer Carpathians contain mainly benthic foraminifers and very scarce plankton occurring in exotic blocks and sometimes directly in sediments forming both formations. The first group includes forms with calcareous walls and also cemented with siliceous or calcareous material. Calcareous benthic forms belong mainly to Vagulinidae (Vaginulina, Vaginulinopsis, Astacolus, Citharina, Citharinella, Lenticulina, Palmula), Nodosariae (i.e. Frondicularia, Nodosaria, Dentalina), Epistominidae (Epistomina), and Polymorphinidae (Guttulina), while agglutinated taxa are represented by Verneulinidae (Uvigerinammina, Paleogaudryina, Belorussiella, Verneuilina), Andercotrymidae (Praedorothia, Protomarssonella, Pseudomarssonella) and Textulariopsidae (Bicazammina, Hagimashella, Textulariopsis). They can be related to the Jurassic shelf microfauna, which are known both from the Tethys and the European Platform. Among foraminiferal benthos there are also very rare aggluinated taxa belonging to several genera: Melathrokerion, Buccicrenata, Alveosepta, Pseudocyclammina, and the more common calcareous forms of Andersenolina, Neotrocholina, Trocholina, Paalzowella, as well as of Discorbis, which inhabited shallow marine environments formed around the elevations within the basin as well as on its coast. Recently, apart from the benthic microfauna isolated Globigerina-like forms have been also found in the Tithonian deposits. These few forms resemble early planktonic foraminifera of the Western Tethys (Gl. oxfordiana, F. hoterivica) as well as the taxa known epicontinental and subTethyan seas located north (“Gl.” stellapolaris) and east (Gl. balakhmatovae, G. terquemi) of the studied area. The taxonomy, abundance and state of preservation of the described foraminifera from the early basin of the Polish Outer Carpathians indicate a connection with the gradually degraded areas of the platform inhabited by benthic and plankton communities from both the Tethyan and Boreal seas. The studied foraminifera resemble the microfauna of Western and Eastern Tethys and adjacent platforms.

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An Oligocene olistostrome with exotic clasts in the Silesian Nappe (Outer Ukrainian Carpathians, Uzh River Basin)

Hnylko Oleh, Hnylko Svitlana, Heneralova Larysa, Tsar Maria

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 4

art. no. 47

EN

In the Ukrainian part of the Silesian Nappe (Outer Carpathians, Uzh River Basin) the exotic clast-bearing Uzhok Olistostrome (up to 60 m thick) occurs within the Oligocene Krosno Formation and underlies the Pikui Sandstone (Otryt Sandstone in Poland). The Uzhok Olistostrome consists of debris/grain/mud flow deposits with clasts of schist and bioclastic limestone. These deposits contain redeposited pelagic sediments with planktonic foraminifers including Parogloborotalia pseudocontinuosa (Jenkins), Ciperoella ciperoensis (Bolli), Globoturborotalita woodi (Jenkins), Chiloguembelina adriatica Premec Fucek, Hernitz Kucenjak and Huber. The age of the Uzhok Olistostrome based on planktonic foraminifers correlates with the middle Oligocene within the middle O2–O5 zones. The source area for the Uzhok Olistostrome and Pikui Sandstone was a mid-Oligocene intrabasinal palaeouplift (the Pikui Ridge) interpreted as the fore-bulge located in the Silesian Sub-basin ahead the emerging Outer Carpathian accretionary prism (including the Dukla Nappe and other West Carpathian inner flysch nappes).

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Historia pierwszej w Warszawie pracowni mikropaleontologicznej

Gawor-Biedowa Eugenia

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 5

449--460

EN

Micropalaeontological Laboratory at the Polish Geological Institute in Warsaw was organized by Władysław Pożaryski in 1947. The studies were going towards the development of regional micropalaeontological stratigraphic schemes of Mesozoic deposits of Poland (excluding the Carpathians) and dating rocks, based on micropalaeontological analyses. Results of examination of a huge number of samples (over 90,000) have been the basis for biostratigraphical reports and monographs, diagnoses of many new taxa, and over 1000 archival collections of Mesozoic, Paleogene and Neogene microfaunas. The golden era of the Laboratory had lasted almost four decades.

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Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Jurassic of the Polish Lowlands : the state of the art

Smoleń J., Iwańczuk J.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 2

257--286

EN

The foraminifera-based biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Jurassic of the Polish Lowlands was re-evaluated. Biostratigraphic charts providing ranges of the most important foraminiferal taxa characteristic of individual Jurassic stages are presented in relation to the currently used ammonite-based standard stratigraphic divisions. The study contains the new research on the foraminifera fauna and includes earlier results available in published and archival reports. In the Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian deposits, various foraminiferal assemblages were distinguished with reference to the lithofacies in the individual parts of the Polish Basin and varying influences of the palaeogeographical provinces. Additionally, the foraminiferal zones in the Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian deposits of southeastern Poland are distinguished based on detail study of foraminifers.

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Foraminiferal and palynological organic matter records of the Upper Badenian (Middle Miocene) deposits at Anadoly (marginal part of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep Basin)

Gedl P., Peryt D., Peryt T. M.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 2

517--536

EN

The Badenian section of Anadoly near Kamyanets Podilskyy (Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep Basin) consists of the Tyras Fm. (gypsum and Ratyn Limestone) and the Ternopil Mb. of the Kosiv Fm. The latter are 5.3 m thick and are composed of dark grey mudstones with limestone intercalations. This study indicates the occurrence of over 54 species of benthic foraminifers and 10 species of planktonics. Benthic foraminifera are represented mainly by calcareous forms; agglutinated tests are very rare. Planktonic foraminifera appear in the upper part of the succession studied. Five benthic foraminiferal assemblages are recognized: A (Elphidium/Lobatula/Astrononion) B (Hauerinidae), C (Cibicidoides/Lobatula), D (Porosononion) and E (Uvigerina/Bulimina). The foraminiferal record indicates deposition in a shallow subtidal environment (20 m depth) of normal marine salinity and temperate waters followed by gradual deepening of the basin to >50 m. Analysis of foraminiferal assemblages indicates that bottom waters were highly oxygenated during deposition of the lower and middle parts of the Anadoly sequence. During deposition of the upper part of the sequence the oxygenation of bottom water gradually decreased, as expressed by a large decrease in the proportion of oxic species and an increase in dysoxic ones. The same set of samples yielded low amounts of palynological organic matter represented by dominant black opaque phytoclasts; bisaccate pollen grains and dinoflagellate cysts are rare. Taxonomically impoverished assemblages of the latter consist of dominant Polysphaeridium and Cleistosphaeridium placacanthum associated with Lingulodinium machaerophorum and a few other taxa. The taxonomically richest assemblage was found in the topmost sample. These changes were interpreted as indicative for increased salinity in the surface water layer, with its maximum in the middle part of the section; the assemblage from the topmost part is characteristic for normal marine salinity.

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Fossil karst in the Jurassic of Kościuszko Mound in Kraków (southern Poland)

Wójcik A., Garecka M., Olszewska B., Wódka M.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 1

61--70

EN

Study of four boreholes (each 100 mdeep) drilled in the St. Bronisława Hill (a part of the horst of the Wolski Forest, Kraków area) indicated that within the Oxfordian limestone occur claystones with calcareous rubble (detritus), filling the fossil karst forms. The claystones, that in some cases show planar stratification, contain assemblages of Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) foraminifers. The Middle Miocene planar laminated limestones have also been found in cavities formed in the Middle Oxfordian limestones. Miocene deposits of this type, filling the fossil karst, were not previously known from the area of Kraków. Both the Upper Cretaceous and the Middle Miocene deposits document probably marine sedimentation that resulted in the filling of the karst system. This type of karst was probably formed before the transgression of the Upper Cretaceous sea and the subsequently before the transgression of the Middle Miocene sea into the area of present horst of the Wolski Forest.

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Zmiany środowiskowe poprzedzające sedymentację gipsów badeńskich i na początku ich depozycji w rejonie Rzeki Wschodniej (północna część zbiornika przedkarpackiego)

Peryt D., Peryt T. M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2015

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nr 461

133--151

PL

Skład i zmiany zespołów otwornic pochodzących z najwyższej części utworów podewaporatowych w otworze wiertniczym Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 (głęb. 188–192 m), zlokalizowanym w północnej części zbiornika przedkarpackiego (Paratetyda Środkowa), wskazują, że zbiornik, w którym powstawały osady margliste, był słabo wentylowany, z dużym deficytem tlenowym w wodach przydennych oraz ze środowiskiem eutroficznym w wodach powierzchniowych. Zbiornik ten, o głębokości 50–70 m, wypełniały wody chłodne o zasoleniu typowym dla zbiornika morskiego. Obserwowane w najwyższej części profilu prawie całkowite wyeliminowanie otwornic Uvigerina i zajęcie na krótko zwolnionej niszy przez Fursenkoina acuta (zespół D4c) oraz zdominowanie składu najmłodszego zespołu (D4d) przez tolerującą podwyższone zasolenie Bulimina elongata może jednak wskazywać na znaczne podwyższenie zasolenia w trakcie depozycji najwyższej części utworów poprzedzających depozycję gipsów. Profil gipsów badeńskich w badanym otworze wiertniczym w porównaniu z bardziej brzeżną strefą platformy gipsowej cechuje się redukcją dolnej, autochtonicznej części gipsów oraz specyficznym wykształceniem najniższej jednostki gipsów. W matriksie ilastym występują tam gruzły gipsu bardzo przypominające małe, chaotycznie ułożone blokowe zrosty krystaliczne, określane jako facja szkieletowa gipsów szklicowych, związana w niecce Nidy oraz na Morawach z obniżeniami dna. Wykształcenie profilu gipsów wskazuje na głębsze środowisko sedymentacji niż to stwierdzono w rejonie niecki Nidy.

EN

Composition and changes in foraminiferal assemblages recorded in the uppermost part of the sub-evaporite deposits of the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 borehole (depth 188–192 m) in the northernmost part of the Fore-Carpathian Basin (Central Paratethys) indicate that the basin, in which marly deposits have originated, was poorly ventilated with a great oxygen deficit in the bottom waters, and was characterised by mainly eutrophic conditions in surface waters. The basin was 50–70 m deep. The waters were cool and of normal seawater salinity, although the recorded (in the uppermost part of the section) almost complete disappearance of Uvigerina foraminifers, occupation (for a short time) of the vacant niche by Fursenkoina acuta (assemblage D4c), and the dominance of Bulimina elongata (tolerant to increased salinity) in the youngest assemblage (D4d) may indicate a considerable increase of seawater salinity during the deposition of the uppermost part of the sub-evaporite strata. The gypsum section is characterised, when compared to the more marginal gypsum sections of the Nida Trough, by a reduction of the lower, autochthonous part of the gypsum section and a specific development of the lowermost gypsum unit. It contains gypsum nodules resembling small, chaotically arranged gypsum intergrowths in the clayey matrix. Such facies is regarded as the skeletal facies of the giant gypsum intergrowth facies of the Nida Trough and Moravia, and is related to depositional lows at the beginning of the gypsum deposition. The gypsum sequence in this borehole indicates a deeper sedimentary environment than inferred for the Nida Trough.

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Biostratygrafia osadów miocenu z otworów wiertniczych Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 i Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 na podstawie otwornic (północna część zapadliska przedkarpackiego)

Paruch-Kulczycka J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2015

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nr 461

115--131

PL

Badania mikropaleontologiczne przeprowadzono na próbkach pobranych z kompleksu osadów mioceńskich przewierconych otworami wiertniczymi Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 i Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1. Oba otwory są zlokalizowane w północno-zachodniej części zapadliska przedkarpackiego. Materiał do badań pobrano z ilastych i ilasto-marglistych przewarstwień występujących w osadach pod- ścielających serię ewaporatów, z serii ewaporatów oraz z jej nadkładu. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki taksonomicznej i biostratygraficznej analizy wyróżnionych zespołów otwornicowych. Obecność w tych zespołach taksonów wskaźnikowych dla określonych poziomów otwornicowych umożliwiła ich korelację z regionalnymi jednostkami biostratygraficznymi ustanowionymi dla różnych obszarów zapadliska przedkarpackiego. W profilu otworu wiertniczego Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 wyodrębniono pięć zespołów mikrofaunistycznych (Z.b.I– Z.s.V). Cztery z nich skorelowano z badeńskimi poziomami otwornicowymi: z poziomem Orbulina suturalis/ Praeorbulina (Z.b.I) datowanym na wczesny baden (moraw) oraz z poziomami Neobulimina longa (Z.b.II), Velapertina indigena (Z.b.III) i Hanzawaia crassiseptata (Z.b.IV) datowanymi na poźny baden (kosow). Ostatni zespół przyporządkowano poziomowi Anomalinoides dividens (Z.s.V) z wczesnego sarmatu (wołyn). W profilu otworu wiertniczego Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 wydzielono trzy zespoły otwornicowe (Z.b.I–Z.s.III). Najstarszy zespół odpowiada poziomowi otwornicowemu Velapertina indigena (Z.b.I) datowanemu na późny baden (kosow), a następny poziomowi Varidentella sarmatica (Z.s.II) z wczesnego sarmatu (wołyn). Trzeci zespół (Z.s.III), ze względu na zły stan zachowania mikrofauny, zaliczono ogólnie do sarmatu. Zastępujące się obocznie planktoniczne i bentoniczne zespoły otwornicowe potwierdzają duże zróżnicowanie facjalne osadów, które powstały w późnym badenie i we wczesnym sarmacie w brzeżnej części zapadliska przedkarpackiego.

EN

Micropaleontological study of Miocene deposits from the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 and Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 boreholes, located in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep, has allowed taxonomic and biostratigraphic characteristics of foraminiferal assemblages. The samples were taken from clay and clay-marly interbeds in sub-evaporitic, evaporitic and supra-evaporitc complexes. In the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 borehole, five foraminiferal assemblages have been defined (Z.b.I–Z.s.V), corresponding with the following foraminiferal zones: Orbulina suturalis/ Praeorbulina – Z.b.I (Moravian substage of the Early Badenian), Neobulimina longa – Z.b.II; Velapertina indigena – Z.b.III, Hanzawaia crassiseptata – Z.b.IV (Kosovian substage of the Late Badenian) and Anomalinoides dividens – Z.b.V (Volhynian substage of the Early Sarmatian). In the Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 borehole, two foraminiferal assemblages have been identified (Z.b.I and Z.s.II), correlated with following foraminiferal zones Velapertina indigena – Z.b.I (Kosovian substage of the Late Badenian) and Varidentella sarmatica – Z.s.II (Volhynian substage of the Early Sarmatian). The third assemblage (Z.s.III), because of poor preservation of foraminifers has been attributed to the Sarmatian stage in general. Lateral replacement of planktonic and benthonic foraminiferal assemblages confirms a significant facies variability of the Late Badenian deposits that accumulated in the northern margin of marine basin in the Carpathian Foredeep.

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The Permian and Triassic in the Albanian Alps

Gaetani M., Meço S., Rettori R., Henderson C. M., Tulone A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 3

271--295

EN

The sedimentary succession of the Permian to Middle Triassic of the Albanian Alps is described, as part of the eastern Adria passive margin towards the Tethys. A carbonate ramp deepening towards NE in present day coordinates developed during the Middle Permian and was affected by block faulting with the deposition of carbonate breccia. The Early Triassic was characterized by intense terrigenous deposition with several cobble conglomerate units up to 80 m-thick, and by oolitic carbonate shoals. The fine clastic deposition ended gradually during the earliest Anisian and a wide calcarenitic ramp occupied the area, with small local carbonate mounds. Basinward, the red nodular limestone of the Han Bulog Formation was interbedded with calcarenitic material exported from the ramp. Drowning to more open conditions occurred towards the end of the Pelsonian. Subsequently, cherty limestone and tuffitic layers spread over the entire area. Towards the end of the Ladinian, with the end of the volcanic activity, red pelagic limestone was deposited locally for a short period. By the latest Ladinian most of the area returned to shallow-water conditions, with a peritidal carbonate platform. In the Theth area, in contrast, a basin with black organic-rich dolostone and limestone developed which seems to be unique in that part of the Adria passive margin. The occurrence of cobble conglomerate units in the Lower Triassic testifies to very active block faulting and high accommodation, not yet described for the area.

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Integrated palaeontological characteristics (ammonites, ostracods, foraminifers, dinocysts) of the Berriasian deposits of central Crimea

Savelieva J., Feodorova A., Shurekova O., Arkadiev V.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 1

129--162

EN

The Berriasian deposits of the central Crimea have been studied in order to compose a composite sequence of the stage with detailed palaeontological characterization. The Berriasian includes the Bedenekyrskaya Formation (packstones), Bechku Formation (siltstones, sandstones) and Kuchkinskaya Formation (sponge packstones, clays, siltstones, and coral-algal bioherm framestones). The Jacobi, Occitanica and Boissieri zones were identified based on ammonites found in the sections. A micropalaeontological analysis determined the following: 6 foraminiferal assemblages, the Costacythere khiamii – Hechticythere belbekensis and Costacythere drushchitzi – Reticythere marfenini ostracod assemblages, and a Phoberocysta neocomica dinocyst assemblage. Palaeoecological analysis of the ostracod and foraminiferal associations indicates a moderately warm marine basin with normal salinity and shallow depths (tens of meters). Only the sponge horizon was probably deposited in a deeper-water environment.

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Paleogeographic characterization of the Early Cretaceous "Urgonian" carbonate platforms

Fekete K., Straka A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

80--81

EN

The objective of the present paper is to show clues which are provided for understanding the development and paleogeographic significance of the Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform sequences in different localities. The results are based mainly on the study of previous works and also on the preliminary results from lithological sections investigated by authors. The Urgonian-type limestone represents a characteristic Barremian and Aptian shallow-water carbonate facies deposited along the northern Tethyan margin. The term Urgonien was established by A. d'Orbigny in 1847 for the reef limestones near Orgon (southern France). The facies encloses massive, light-coloured organodetrital limestones with foraminifers (Orbitolina) and transitional sediments - detrital or siliceous limestones. Among bioclasts, fragments of bivalves (rudists), corals, hydrozoans, bryozoans, small and large foraminifera (Palorbitolina lenticularis, Sabaudia minuta) and algae are the most characteristic constituens. In the Early Cretaceous, the opening of Alpine Tethys was completed and induced the development of carbonate platforms on its northern margin. Urgonian carbonate platforms in the Tethys have been widely studied (e.g. Arnaud & Arnaud-Vanneau 1991, Michalik 1994). Several deposition areas can be distinguished in the Western Carpathians, mainly: the Tatric "Urgonian" Platform (biohermal and lagoonal facies), source of the detritus transported to the Murań Limestone; and the Manin Urgonian Platform prograding into the Bela Unit during the Aptian. Debris from both platforms was transported into adjacent basins and deposited as allodapic accumulations (Misik 1990). The oldest hypothesis on the position of the neritic "Urgonian" Lower Cretaceous limestones of the Manin Unit consisting of Podhorie and Manin formations was summarized by Andrusov (1938). He considered the Manin Unit as an independent nappe unit. Later, based on lithostratigraphic and tectonic features, he characterized it as a succession of Central Carpathian affinity. However, its position and the tectonic style are close to Pieniny Klippen Belt structures (Andrusov 1938, Birkenmajer 1977). From the Urgonian-like facies, which occur in the Klippen Belt and the Peri-Klippen Belt we focused mainly on the Manin Unit in the area of the Strazovske vrchy Mts., the Nizna Unit (Nizna Limestone Formation) (Jozsa & Aubrecht 2008), Benatina Klippe (Schlogl et al. 2004) and also in the Haligovce Unit (Haligovce Limestone Formation), which is usually considered as an equivalent of the Manin Unit. In the Outer Carpathians, the Urgonian-type limestones occur exclusively as exotic pebbles in younger deposits. Urgonian facies in the Western Carpathians shows some different features in comparison with other areas in the Tethys realm; e.g. lack of oolitic and oncolitic limestones, small representation of typical lagoonal facies with miliolids and dasycladaceans. The "reef-tufa" cementation, fenestrae, evaporate minerals are also missing, bauxitization is unknown. They use to be affected by silicification (presence of cherts). Dolomitization is almost missing (Misik 1990).

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Foraminiferal and palynological records of the Late Badenian (Middle Miocene) transgression in Podolia (Shchyrets near Lviv, western Ukraine)

Peryt D., Gedl P., Peryt T. M.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 3

465--484

EN

The Upper Badenian marly shales overlying gypsum and the Ratyn Limestone at Shchyrets, Ukraine, contain moderately to well-preserved benthic (calcareous only) and planktonic foraminifers, and palynofacies dominated by bisaccate pollen grains, presumably transported by wind. Both foraminiferal and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages indicate an open marine environment with normal-marine salinity and cool waters. The palaeodepth was ca. 50 m except for the uppermost part of the section studied, where a distinctive deepening is indicated by the dominance of Uvigerina in benthic foraminiferal assemblages and a high P/B ratio. The water was thermally stratified and the differences between the bottom water and the water column show an upwards-increasing trend. Bulimina and Globocassidulina are the most common and dominant component of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, except for the uppermost part where Uvigerina dominates the assemblage. The composition of benthic foraminifer assemblages and δ13C values of foraminifers indicate nutrient-rich waters and mesotrophic to eutrotrophic environments in surface waters, and low oxygenation at the sea floor in the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep Basin during the Late Badenian.

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Biostratigraphy and depositional anatomy of a large olistostrome in the Eocene Hieroglyphic Formation of the Silesian Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians

Waśkowska A., Cieszkowski M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2014

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Vol. 84, No. 1

51--70

EN

The study focuses on a large olistostrome unit (~200 m thick and 4 km in strike-parallel extent) embedded in the Mid-Eocene shaly Hieroglyphic Formation of the Silesian Nappe, exposed in the Rożnów Lake area. Foraminifer biostratigraphy and petrographic comparisons are used to identify the provenance of olistoliths. The olistostrome is tripartite with respect of its olistolith composition. The lower part of the olistostrome abounds in olistoliths of sandstones derived from the Early Eocene turbiditic Ciężkowice Formation, whereas the middle part is dominated by olistoliths of Early Eocene bathyal mudshales. The upper part contains olistoliths of Middle Eocene turbiditic “banded sandstones”, known from the Hieroglyphic Formation and deposited in the bathyal zone above the CCD. The bathyal provenance of the olistostrome contrasts with the abyssal origin of the hosting green shales. The olistostrome unit is inferred to be composite, emplaced in the earliest Bartonian or at the Lutetian/ Bartonian transition by a series of at least three large debris flows that closely followed one another. Biostratigra- phical data and slump-fold vergence suggest resedimentation from the bathyal northern slope of the Silesian Cordillera that bounded the abyssal Silesian Basin to the south. Northward movement of the thrust-formed cordillera must have warped up the base-of-slope deposits of the Ciężkowice Formation, causing their gravita- tional collapse. This event destabilized the former lower-slope muddy deposits, resulting in a second phase of resedimentation by retrogressive slumping, which led to the collapse of mid-slope sandy turbidites. The slope failures involved contemporaneous Mid-Eocene sediment with an admixture of foraminifers derived from the upper slope or shelf margin and with exotic bedrock debris shed from the eroded cordillera crest. The catastrophic multi-phase emplacement of the olistostrome marked the last major thrusting pulse of the second (Late Cretaceous–Late Eocene) stage of tectonic evolution of the Outer Carpathian accretionary prism.

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Latest Triassic climate humidification and kaolinite formation (Western Carpathians, Tatric Unit of the Tatra Mts.)

Lintnerová O., Michalik J., Uhlík P., Soták J., Weissová Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 4

701–-728

EN

The Tomanová Formation, of Rhaetian age, overlying the Norian Carpathian Keuper in the Tatra Mts. is built of cyclic parasequences of mudstones and sandstones. Quartz (15 to 70 wt.%), kaolinite (13 to 46 wt.%) and 2:1 Al dioctahedral phyllosilicates (dioct 2:1: muscovite, illite, illite/smectite: 5 to 39 wt.%) represent the major mineral phase. The kaolinite/dioct 2:1 ratio decreases upwards in the section (from 4.3 to 0.5) and signals variability in weathering/erosion intensity and changing water salinity. Major and trace elements (LILE, HSFS, REE) indicate a uniform source – felsic rocks located probably in the Vindelician Highlands. The sedimentation rate (83 mm/ky) was controlled by climate. Alternation of dry and humid periods is refered by sedimentary textures and by maturity of quartz (aeolian vs. fluvial grains), and organic matter content and composition (Corg and d13Corg). Authigenic siderite or bethierine documents wet and reduced conditions in the upper part of the Tomanová Formation. The sedimention rate of the marine Dudzinec Formation attained 25 mm/ka and the character of cycles preserved in the sequence is similar as that of the Tomanová Formation (fining upwards parasequences). However, the different clay mineralogy, the recycled character of the silicates, the different d13Corg and elevated imput of carbonate detritus with specific C and O isotopic patterns document a discontinuity in the section. The transgressive character of the Dudzinec Fm. was deduced from the stratigraphic distribution and environmental characteristics of the benthic foraminifera present. Involutinids and spirillinids dominate in the lower part, endothyrinids govern the middle part, and in the upper part nodosariids and Ammodiscus-type microfauna occur. These age-diagnostic microfossils indicate a late Rhaetian age. Sea level rise in the Tatric Zone triggered by thermal expansion of the Central Atlantic Rift was gradual, being affected by input of terrestrial clastic sediment both by freshwater and by wind. The Tatric Triassic sequence in the Western Carpathians helps understanding of the development of sedimentation, palaeoclimate (kaolinite weathering), and palaeogeography of the northernmost Tethyan Domain.

15

Globorotaliid intervals of the sub-evaporite Badenian (Middle Miocene) in the Upper Silesia Basin (Central Paratethys, Poland)

Gonera M.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 4

757–-768

EN

Globorotaliids of the Skawina Formation (Badenian) come from deposits representing CPN 7 (Orbulina suturalis Zone) and CPN 8 sub-evaporite Wielician (Globigerina druryi–G. decoraperta Zone alias Uvigerina costai Zone) age. There are two taxonomic groups of globorotaliids in the studied material: globoconellids (Globoconella bykovae and G. minoritesta) and jenkinsellids (Jenkinsella mayeri and J. transsylvanica). There are five stratigraphically-rank intervals of these foraminifers prior to the Middle Badenian salinity crisis in Central Paratethys. The investigated Badenian begins with G. bykovae–J. mayeri association followed by the first occurence (FO) of J. transsylvanica. The closing member of the CPN 7 biozone is the G. bykovae–J. transsylvanica assemblage. The jenkinsellids disappear during CPN 7: J. mayeri first and J. transsylvanica after. Since the base of CPN 8 in situ jenkinsellids have not been noted in the Badenian deposits. The CPN 8 begins with a stratigraphic interval barren of globorotaliids (biozone IIC in the Polish Paratethys). It is followed by episodic appearances of globoconellids (G. bykovae and G. minoritesta) in the sub-evaporite Wielician (IID biozone in Poland). G. minoritesta has been found in only one case so far. The globorotaliid stratigraphic units are distinct and well-correlated with changes in climate and the circulation of water masses in Paratethys. This study provides additional data on Mi3 in Paratethys. It documents a cryptic cooling event in the late Orbulina suturalis Zone (mid CPN 7) located at the late IIA–B assemblage (alias upper lagenide zone) in regional biostratigraphic scale. The event is recorded by J. transsylvanica Acme, matching with circa 1‰VPDB δ18O positive excursion. The event must have resulted in a considerable sea level drop – a trigger of the Moravian ecosystem demolition in the Paratethys environment.

16

Olenekian (Early Triassic) fossil assemblage from eastern Julian Alps (Slovenia)

Kolar-Jurkovšek T., Vuks V. J., Aljinović D., Hautmann M., Kaim A., Jurkovšek B.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2013

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Vol. 83, No. 3

213--227

EN

New palaeontological and sedimentological data from the Lower Triassic strata of the eastern Julian Alps in Slovenia are presented., They are unusual for the Early Triassic of the Alps in representing a relatively deeper, unrestricted marine (mid-ramp) setting. There are two basic microfacies types in the section investigated (types A and B), which are organized as couplets with coarse-grained tempestitic deposits (microfacies A), overlain by laminated or bioturbated lime mudstones and/or marls (microfacies B), frequently containing ammonoids. This pattern is interpreted as storm deposition with occasional winnowing of bottom sediments and the formation of coarse-grained skeletal deposits (lags), followed by the slow settling of suspended particles, when the storm waned, in addition to background deposition. Dominantly lime mud deposition and the presence of ammonoids indicate deposition on a more distal, deeper ramp with an unrestricted connection to the open sea. Intense reworking of bottom skeletal-rich sediment and accumulation of storm lags suggest deposition above the storm wave base, possibly in a wide low-energy mid-ramp environment. Faunas from such settings have been reported relatively rarely from the Early Triassic of the Alps. The macrofauna contains ammonoids, bivalves and gastropods, whereas the microfauna is represented by foraminifer tests and conodont elements; rare fish remains also occur. In the foraminifer assemblages, species of Ammodiscus, Hoyenella, Glomospirella dominated, corresponding to the widespread “Glomospira-Glomospirella” foraminifer community, with some miliolids and nodosariids. The conodont fauna is characterized by Triassospathodus hungaricus (Kozur et Mostler), indicating an early Spathian (Olenekian) age. The fossil assemblage highlights the wide distribution of Early Triassic taxa in the Tethys and facilitates its worldwide correlation. Its relatively low diversity by comparison with shallow marine settings is interpreted as an evolutionary proximal-distal trend in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction. Re-diversification first occurred in nearshore settings and expanded into deeper/distal marine environments through geological time.

17

Neptunian dykes in the Middle Miocene reefs of western Ukraine : preliminary results

Jasionowski M., Peryt D., Peryt T. M.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No. 4

881–-894

EN

Neptunian dykes were recently recorded within the Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian and Lower Sarmatian) Medobory reef complex of the Carpathian Foreland in western Ukraine. The Upper Badenian reefs are cut by a regular, semi-perpendicular network of intersecting fissures that penetrate the Badenian reef limestone down for more than 10 m. The dykes are filled by several generations of Sarmatian microbialites coating the fracture walls and by bedded bioclastic sediment (including foraminifers) which is more important volumetrically. The fissure fillings containing both the Sarmatian material as well as rare clasts of Badenian rocks indicate that the fissures were open during the onset of Sarmatian deposition. They originated following the emergence and fracturing of the Badenian limestones, either due to fault tectonics at basin margins induced by basin subsidence, around the Badenian-Sarmatian boundary, or to gravitational instability of large lithified Badenian reef bodies. Only one phase of fracture opening occurred. The filling of fractures was episodic, with pulses of cementation and microbial growth and sediment injection. Four different foraminiferal assemblages recorded in the neptunian dykes indicate that the process of fracture filling was long-lasting.

18

Geochemical and foraminiferal records of environmental changes during the Zechstein Limestone (Lopingian) deposition in Northern Poland

Peryt M., Peryt D.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 1

187-198

EN

The entire Zechstein Limestone section of the Zdrada IG 8 borehole (Northern Poland) is composed of oncoid packstone that is accompanied by stromatolites in the upper part of the unit. Deposition of the Zechstein Limestone occurred in persistently subtidal environments, above the storm wave base, in mostly dysoxic conditions, and thus these conditions did not differ essentially from those characteristic for the Kupferschiefer strata. The previous supposition of vadose diagenesis is not confirmed by the isotopic study of calcite that showed its clearly marine values (average d1318

19

Foraminifers and stable isotope record of the Dubivtsi chalk (upper Turonian, Western Ukraine): palaeoenvironmental implications

Dubicka Z., Peryt D.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 1

199-214

EN

A combined micropalaeontological and stable isotope study of the Dubivtsi chalk in the Western Ukraine indicates its middle late Turonian age. One long-term and clearly distinguishable positive excursion of the isotope curve (d1318

20

Sarmatian foraminiferal assemblages of cavern fillings in the Badenian reefs of Medobory (Polupanivka, Western Ukraine)

Peryt D., Jasionowski M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2012

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nr 449

175--184

EN

The Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian) coralline algal reefs of Western Ukraine contain caverns (up to 1 m across) and fissures that are filled by Sarmatian deposits: marly clays, clayey carbonate sand and bioclastic, bryozoan-rich sand. These deposits often contain abundant and very well preserved calcareous benthic foraminifera; agglutinated forms have not been recorded. Foraminiferal tests quite commonly show morphological abnormalities, e.g. twin forms or tests with irregularities in size or shape in last chambers. Each of the three analysed samples is characterized by a different foraminiferal assemblage: Elphidium aculeatum assemblage, Hauerinidae assemblage and Lobatula lobatula assemblage. These assemblages are characteristic for a shallow marine environment. Low taxonomic diversity and high dominance or monospecific foraminiferal assemblages indicate generally a restricted marine environment. It seems that the increasing salinity and very high-energy environment were the most probable factors controlling the composition of the foraminiferal assemblages.

PL

Górnobadeńskie rafy koralowe zachodniej Ukrainy posiadają kawerny o przekroju do 1 m oraz szczeliny, które obecnie są wypełnione osadami sarmackimi – iłami marglistymi i zasilonym piaskiem węglanowym i bioklastycznym, często mszywiołowym. Osady te często zawierają liczne i bardzo dobrze zachowane węglanowe otwornice bentosowe; nie stwierdzono natomiast otwornic zlepieńcowatych. Dość częste są skorupki z morfologicznymi nieprawidłowościami, np. formy bliźniacze albo skorupki z nieregularnością rozmiaru lub kształtu ostatnich komór. Każda z trzech próbek zawiera inny zespół otwornicowy: w pierwszej występuje zespół z Elphidium aculeatum, druga zawiera zespół z Hauerinidae, a trzecia – zespół z Lobatula lobatula. Wszystkie te zespoły są charakterystyczne dla środowiska płytkomorskiego. Niskie zróżnicowanie taksonomiczne i wysoka dominacja lub jednogatunkowe zespoły otwornicowe wskazują na ogólnie ograniczone środowisko morskie; wydaje się, że w takich warunkach najbardziej prawdopodobnym czynnikiem warunkującym skład zespołów otwornicowych było podwyższone zasolenie i środowisko bardzo wysokoenergetyczne.