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PL
W prezentowanej glosie podjęto się oceny prawidłowości stanowiska wyrażonego w wyroku WSA w Gliwicach, dotyczącego prowadzenia wydobycia piasku celem zaspokojenia potrzeb własnych, oraz zasadności ustalenia opłaty podwyższonej w przypadku gdy kopalina nie była wywożona ani sprzedawana. Podzielając stanowisko WSA w Gliwicach, podkreślono znaczenie dokonanej w nim wykładni pojęcia „wydobycie kopaliny” w praktyce postępowań administracyjnych dotyczących ustalenia opłaty podwyższonej.
EN
The paper assesses the correctness of the position expressed in the judgment of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Gliwice concerning the extraction of sand in order to meet your own needs as well as the legitimacy of the determination of an increased fee if the extracted mineral was not exported or sold. While approving the judgement given by the court, the importance of its interpretation of „mineral extraction" in the practice of administrative proceedings concerning the determination of an increased fee was also stressed. In addition, the consequences of extracting sand and gravel by a natural person from real estate being their object of property (perpetual usufruct) in order to meet their own needs, in violation of the requirements set forth in Article 4 sec. 1 and item 2 of the Act – Geological and Mining Law, were analysed. It was indicated that in the case of extraction violating the requirements given in these provisions, the party conducting extraction activities should expect that the mining supervisory authority will impose an increased fee pursuant to Article 4 sec. 3 of the aforementioned Act. The court stressed that even though the extraction of sand to satisfy your own needs is subject to „light" regimes provided for in the Act, it is still subject to the restrictions contained therein.
PL
Artykuł przybliża orzecznictwo sądowe w sprawach nielegalnej działalności górniczej, koncentrując się m.in. na uprawnieniach pracowników urzędów górniczych w zakresie wkraczania na teren nielegalnej działalności, wykonania pomiarów, przesłuchania świadków, zbierania innych materiałów dowodowych, również przed formalnym wszczęciem postępowań administracyjnych w tych sprawach. Dokonuje przy tym wykładni pojęcia nielegalnej działalności górniczej, w tym nielegalnego wydobycia kopalin, i przedstawia katalog podmiotów będących potencjalnymi adresatami decyzji ustalających opłatę podwyższoną.
EN
The article introduces the court jurisprudence in cases of illegal mining activities, focusing, interalia, on issue such as the rights of employees of mining offices in the scope of entering the area of the illegal activity, taking measurements, questioning witnesses, collecting other evidence, both before theform al initiation of administrative proceedings in these cases, as well as after their initiation. She interprets the concept of illegal mining activities, including illegal extraction of minerals, for which an increased fee is charged. She em phasizes that it does not matter whether the illegal activity was profit-making and permanent. It could have been a one-time disconnection of the minerał from the deposit by a person who did not conduct business activity, but if it took place without the required administrative decisions or notifications from the authorities, it is subject to an increased fee. She also presents a catalog of entities that are potential addressees of administrative decisions setting the increased fee, emphasizing that the judicature of the courts first of all indicates the entity that performs the exploitation directly, and only when it is not possible to indicate it as the owner of the property.
PL
Artykuł, na tle uregulowań prawnych, prezentuje działania podejmowane przez organy nadzoru górniczego w celu wypracowania metod i zasad jednolitego postępowania w sprawach nielegalnego pozyskiwania kopalin w Polsce. Przedstawia również dane statystyczne odnoszące się do problematyki nielegalnej eksploatacji i opisuje utrudnienia w naliczaniu opłaty podwyższonej, których źródłem są przepisy innych ustaw pozwalające na obejście przepisów Prawa geologicznego i górniczego.
EN
Mining supervision authorities have participated in proceedings concerning cases of illegal extraction of minerals only since 2012, when the Geological and Mining Law obliged them to issue decisions ordering the suspension of unlicensed activities. Between 2012 and 2014, they issued a total of 281 such decisions. Since 2015, these authorities are competent for charging the increased fee. Between 2015 and 2018, they issued 435 decisions within this respect, imposing fees for a total amount of PLN 99.8 million. In cases of attempts to circumvent the Geological and Mining Law based on other administrative decisions, such as building permits, fees are charged based on the amount of minerals extracted as a result of activities extending beyond them. In order to suport regional mining authorities in this respect, the State Mining Authority (Polish: Wyższy Urząd Górniczy – WUG), among other activities, developed and then updated the methodology of conducting proceedings in such cases, specifying such aspects the method of gathering evidence, documentation specimen for the amount of mineral extracted, the method of determining the specific gravity of the mineral, and the principle of joint and several liability of offenders. With the support of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFEP&WM), it equipped employees of Regional Mining Authorities (Polish: Okręgowy Urząd Górniczy – OUG) with equipment that guarantees reliable preparation of evidence. The course of 48 cases filed against the President of WUG with the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Gliwice in the years 2015–2018, out of which the court recognized the arguments of the appealing party in only 4 cases, may serve as a testimony to the high standards of procedures introduced in mining authorities and to the high competences of their employees. However, in order to effectively eliminate unlicensed extraction, it is still necessary to analyse experiences concerning the functioning of regulations and propose new legislative solutions in this respect (e.g. simplifying the process of obtaining licences for land-bound minerals).
PL
Skuteczne przeciwdziałanie nielegalnemu wydobywaniu kopalin jest jednym z priorytetowych zadań nadzoru górniczego, wynikającym z ustawy z dnia 9 czerwca 2011 r. – Prawo geologiczne i górnicze. Artykuł przedstawia zadania nadzoru górniczego w zakresie naliczania podwyższonej opłaty, jakie obowiązują od 1 stycznia 2015 r. oraz możliwy udziału innych organów, które w zakresie swojej działalności mogą brać czynny udział w skutecznym powstrzymaniu nielegalnego wydobywania kopaliny.
EN
One of the priority objectives of the Mining Supervision for the coming years is effective prevention of illegal mining. Being aware of the damaging effect of illegal mining on the economy, the Polish legislator has defined this objective as a part of the Mining Supervision’s general competencies as defined in the Polish Act of 9 June 2011 on the Geological and Mining Law. Not only does the practice of illegal mining reduce the state revenue, but it also results in the devastation and degradation of soil, contrary to intended use of land, losses in the balance of natural resources belonging to the state, as well as unfair and unequal competition to licensed businesses. This paper focuses on the objectives of the Mining Supervision concerning the billing of increased fees, the changes to the Geological and Mining Law in force from 1 January 2015, and the participation of other official bodies entitled to take active part in the effective control of illegal mining.
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