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1

The issue of the atmosphere protection against toxic compounds gas emissions in maritime transport

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 3

293--300

EN

The paper discusses influence of the charging air parameters marine diesel engine on the emission toxic compounds in aspect of protecting the atmosphere against pollution from the sea vessels, pointed to the possibility of reducing NOx emissions by changing the parameters of charging air. In this group of activities undertaken to reduce nitric oxides emissions applied inter alia cooling the air and changes in pressure at the beginning of compression stroke. This is discussed in the background of normative acts, in particular the 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines.It was also discussed the issue of air humidification as a method to reduce NOx by injecting hot water into a stream of pumped air. This is an overview on the example of two methods proposed for using in marine engines: CASS (Combustion Air Saturation System), HAM (Humid Air Motor system). The results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF40 have been presented in this paper.

2

Badania wpływu poziomu doładowania okrętowego silnika tłokowego na poziom emisji tlenków azotu

Witkowski K.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2011

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R. 50, nr 3

PL

W referacie omówiono problematykę ochrony atmosfery przed zanieczyszczeniami ze statków morskich na tle aktów normatywnych, w szczególności Konwencji MARPOL 73/78 (Międzynarodowa konwencja o zapobieganiu zanieczyszczeniom przez statki) odnoszącej się do przeciwdziałania zanieczyszczaniu środowiska morskiego z późniejszymi poprawkami, w tym aneksem VI dotyczącym redukcji emisji do atmosfery przez silniki okrętowe tlenków azotu i tlenków siarki. W referacie zaprezentowano wyniki badań eksperymentalnych wpływu zmian ciśnienia powietrza doładowującego na skład gazów spalinowych, w szczególności w odniesieniu do zawartości tlenków azotu (NOx), przez okrętowy silnik tłokowy spalający paliwo ciężkie IF40.

EN

The paper discusses the problems protecting the atmosphere against pollution from sea vessels in the background of normative acts, in particular the 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines. The results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF40 have been presented in the paper.

3

Research on possible supplying ship diesel engines with alternative fuels

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 2

493-498

EN

The paper presents introduction to the research on possible supplying ship diesel engines with mixtures of diesel oils and vegetable oils or their esters with accounting for ecological aspects - exhaust gas purity. Characteristics of vegetable oils and their esters are compared with those diesel oils. Consequences of their application to diesel engines, mainly for their working process and exhaust gas content, are indicated. Also, influence of combusting mixtures of diesel oil and vegetable oils or their esters, are discussed in the same context. The paper presents results of experimental tests which were carried out on a ship diesel engine supplied with marine diesel oil(MDO) and the oil and rape oil methyl esters mixed (MDO/RME) in different proportions (i.e. 5% RME in MDO, 10% RME in MDO and 20% RME in MDO). The results obtained from the tests when supplying the engine with the MDO alone was assumed the reference point for determination of influence of combustion of the MDO/RME mixtures on the engine's working parameters and its exhaust gas content. It was paid to influence of combustion of the mixtures of diesel oil and rape oil methyl esters on working parameters of the engine, including noxious components capacity.

4

Research on influence of change marine diesel engine of charging air parameters on its nitrogen oxides emission

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 2

505-510

EN

The article presents the results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), ofship diesel engine supplied with marine heavy fuel oil IF 40. Nitric oxides emissions for a given engine will depend on charging air parameters. Change of air parameters in this method of reducing NOX emissions involves cooling the air and changes in pressure at the beginning of compression stroke. The process of cooling the scavenging air means decreases the inlet air temperature and at the same time decreases the maximum cylinder temperature. Atmosphere protection against pollution on sea vessels covers one of the most important areas of human ecological activity which has its own history as well as some achievements. The most crucial ones include 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines.

5

Research on influence of selected failures on the exhaust gas content of ship diesel engine working on heayy fuel oil

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 4

507-512

EN

The article is devoted to problems connected with pollution of the atmosphere by ship engines. Atmosphere protection against pollution on sea vessels covers one of the most important areas of human ecological activity which has its own history as well as some achievements. The most crucial ones include 73/78 MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) referring to prevention against marine environment pollution, and later amendments to the Convention with Annex VI (Regulation for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships) dealing with reducing the emission of nitric oxides and sulphur oxides into the atmosphere by sea vessels engines Nitric oxides emissions from a given engine will depend on engine technical condition. Therefore it was to decided execute laboratory tests on influence of selected failures ship diesel engine, on its exhaust gas content, first of all on change nitric oxygen emission level. The article presents the results of experimental tests of the influence of charging air pressure, injection advance angle and injector opening pressure on content of exhaust gas, especially content nitric oxides (NOx), of ship diesel engine supplied with marine heavyfuel oil IF4.

6

Influence of running ship diesel engines on mixtures of fuel oil and rape oil metyl esters, to diesel working process and exhaust gas kontent

Witkowski K.

Journal of KONES

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2006

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Vol. 13, No. 4

421-428

EN

The paper presents introduction to the research on possible supplying ship diesel engines with mixtures of diesel oils and vegetable oils or their esters with accounting for ecological aspects — exhaust gas purity. Characteristics of vegetable oils and their esters are compared with those diesel oils. Consequences of their application to diesel engines, mainly for their working process and exhaust gas content, are indicated. Also, influence of combusting mixtures of diesel oil and vegetable oils or their esters, are discussed in the same context. The paper present results of experimental tests were carried out on a ship diesel engine supplied with marine diesel oil and the oil and rape oil methyl esters mixed in different proportions. Was paid to influence of combustion of the mixtures of diesel oil and rape oil methyl esters on working parameters of the engine, including noxious components capacity. As a result of research stated that a little greater viscosity used in research mixtures of diesel oil and RME relative to the diesel oil did have not the negative influence on parameters work of the injection system.

PL

Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do tematyki badawczej dotyczącej możliwości zasilania okrętowych silników o zapłonie samoczynnym mieszaninami oleju napędowego i roślinnego lub oleju napędowego i estrów oleju roślinnego, z uwzględnieniem aspektów ekologicznych - czystości spalin. Omówiono właściwości olejów roślinnych i ich estrów,porównując je z właściwościami oleju napędowego. Wskazano na pewne konsekwencje ich stosowania do zasilania silników wysokoprężnych, uwzględniając przewidywany wpływ na przebieg procesu roboczego i skład spalin. W tym samym kontekście omówiono również wpływ spalania mieszaniny oleju napędowego i oleju roślinnego lub estrów oleju roślinnego. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych na okrętowym silniku wysokoprężnym, zasilanym olejem napędowym, a także mieszaninami oleju napędowego i estrów oleju rzepakowego, o różnym składzie procentowym. Badano wpływ spalania mieszanin oleju napędowego z estrami oleju rzepakowego na parametry pracy silnika oraz skład spalin, w tym zawartość składników szkodliwych. W rezultacie badań stwierdzono, że nieco większa lepkość zastosowanych w badaniach mieszanin ON i RME w stosunku do oleju napędowego nie ma negatywnego wpływu na parametry pracy układu wtryskowego.