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1

Elemental Composition of the Ultrafine Fraction of Road Dust in the Vicinity of Motorways and Expressways in Poland – Asphalt Versus Concrete Surfaces

Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta, Penkała Magdalena, Bihałowicz Jan Stefan, Ogrodnik Paweł, Walczak Agata, Iwanicka Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 11

82--90

EN

Air pollution in the vicinity of roads is a complex and growing problem. In urbanised areas, there are many sources of dust emissions, but one of the main ones is road traffic. Investigating and assessing the physical and chemical properties of road dust and, more specifically, dust collected from surface courses is one way of providing an opportunity not only to identify the contribution of the emitters concerned to the formation of dust air pollution in the vicinity of roads but above all the environmental risks associated with traffic emissions. The study aimed to analyse the elemental composition of dust with a fraction <0.1 mm, collected from asphalt and concrete roads characterised by the highest technical and service parameters in Poland. The samples were analysed using a Shimadzu EDX 7000 energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, then the results were statistically analysed using the t-Welch test, and the enrichment factors EF were determined. It was shown that road dust with a grain size of less than 0.1 mm collected from asphalt surface course was extremely highly enriched in Cu, Cr, Pb and S, while that from the concrete surface course was enriched in Zn and Zr, indicating a strong anthropogenic origin of these elements; exhaust gases were identified as their source. Irrespective of the type of surface course, very high dust enrichment occurs for Ca, Mn, Ni, S, Ti and Y. These elements may originate from the abrasion process of vehicle tyres. For road dust collected from both road types, the most similar EF values were found for Fe, K, Mn, Si, Sr and Ti. The source of these elements is most likely the roadside soil. It follows that the type of road surface is not the main determinant of the composition of road dust with a fraction <0.1 mm.

2

Synthetic automotive fuels

Stępień Zbigniew

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 1

78--90

EN

The article explains the differences between synthetic fuels of first and second generation. The potential of e-fuels to reduce GHG emissions was indicated. The application requirements that synthetic fuels need to meet in order to be used for powering internal combustion engines have been described. The possibility of using synthetic fuels as "drop-in" fuels, in blends with conventional petroleum-derived fuels as well as by themselves was discussed. E-fuels developed and optimized to power compression ignition and spark ignition engines were characterized. The possibilities of synthetic fuels to reduce emissions of regulated and unregulated exhaust components and to improve the work and operational parameters of the engine were also analyzed using the research carried out so far as basis. At the end of the article, forecasts for synthetic fuels development and applications were presented in the form of a SWOT analysis.

3

Research and analysis of the operation of vehicles with various propulsion systems, including costs and CO2 emissions

Lasota Michał, Zabielska Aleksandra, Jacyna Marianna, Żak Jolanta

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

3--13

EN

The article analyzes and evaluates costs, transport time and CO2 emissions by selected vans. The research was carried out on the example of three models of Iveco Daily vehicles powered by: diesel oil, electricity and compressed natural gas (CNG). The result of the research presented in the article is the determination of the operating costs of vehicles powered by various energy sources and the level of CO2 emissions. The comparative analysis was carried out on real data for the established transport task. Vehicles with engines powered by compressed natural gas are characterized by the highest savings in terms of transport costs. As the authors pointed out, this may be due to the fact that this type of engines, despite the low interest of buyers at the moment, may gain much more popularity in the future. On the other hand, in relation to vehicles with electric motors, the cost of transport is the highest, which means that this type of technology is ineffective in relation to long-distance transport.

4

Empirical study of the effect of the air filter on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine

Dziubak Tadeusz, Karczewski Mirosław, Dziobek Ilona

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 2

94--111

EN

The results of an experimental study of the effect of the pressure drop of the air filter pf on the operating parameters and exhaust emissions of a modern CI internal combustion engine of a truck equipped with an electronically controlled power system are presented. The tests were carried out for an air filter with a clean filter cartridge Δpf0 = 0.58 kPa and with a cartridge contaminated after a service mileage (about 50 thousand km) ΔpfD = 2.024 kPa. In each test, engine performance, exhaust emissions and relative change in emissions were determined: CO, NOx, HC, CO2, H2O. It was found that an increase in the filter resistance pf causes a decrease in the filling degree by 12%, engine useful power by almost 10%, exhaust gas temperature by a maximum of 30oC and an increase in specific fuel consumption by almost 5%. Air filter resistance has no significant effect on NOx emissions and HC concentration. There is a reduction in H2O emissions by up to 7%, CO by up to 13% and CO2 by up to 4%, and an increase in oxygen emissions by 15%, depending on operating conditions.

5

Health hazard related to fine road dust in Poland

Penkała Magdalena, Bihałowicz Jan Stefan, Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta, Rogula-Kopiec Patrycja, Klik Barbara, Bihałowicz Joanna, Lewicka Sylwia, Olszowski Tomasz, Majewski Grzegorz

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2023

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R. 28, NR 1-2

79--92

EN

Air pollution emissions from road vehicles majorly contribute to particulate pollution. This poses significant threats to the environment and human health. Road dust contains various potentially toxic elements, which, when exposed to humans, can lead to severe illnesses such as asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This study assessed adult health risks through accidental ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact associated with heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in road dust (with a fraction size < 0.1 mm). The analysis covers areas between sound-absorbing screens (S), in open spaces without screens (F), and at highway/express exits (E) with different surfaces: asphalt (A) and concrete (C). Results indicate the highest health risk levels are associated with Zn in road dust in S and E areas, indicating its potential negative impact on human health. When comparing results for all metals, road dust collected from A surfaces might pose a greater health risk than C surfaces. The carcinogenic risk for Cr and Ni found in road dust collected from A and C surfaces at points S, F, and E is medium. The most significant carcinogenic risk (medium-high) is associated with Cr in road dust from A surfaces in the F area, whereas the lowest risk (low-medium) for both A and C surfaces is linked to Ni exposure in the S point. The contributions of Cr and Ni highlight the need to reduce emissions of these elements in areas surrounding heavily trafficked roads.

6

Porównanie emisji spalin z silników pojazdów ciężarowych zasilanych olejem napędowym (ON) oraz gazem ziemnym (LNG) w warunkach rzeczywistej eksploatacji

Šarkan Branislav, Kuranc Andrzej, Sejkorova Marie, Caban Jacek, Loman Michal

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 1

37--41

PL

Celem pracy było wykorzystanie procedury, dzięki której możliwa jest kwantyfikacja charakterystyki eksploatacyjnej ciągników siodłowych, jednego zasilanego olejem napędowym (ON) i drugiego zasilanego skroplonym gazem ziemnym (LNG). Przedmiotem badań było ustalenie, który z tych ciągników podczas eksploatacji w drogowym transporcie towarowym jest mniej szkodliwy dla środowiska i generuje mniej spalin oraz zużywa mniej paliwa. Oceny pojazdów dokonano na podstawie prób drogowych na określonej trasie z wykorzystaniem zestawów transportowych składających się z ciągnika siodłowego oraz naczepy z cysterną. Podczas pomiaru rejestrowano dane pomiarowe z analizatora spalin samochodowych oraz aparatury diagnostycznej podłączonej do układów sterowania silników, zamontowanych w ocenianych samochodach ciężarowych.

EN

The compn. of exhaust gases (CO, CO₂, HC and NOx emitted by 2 trucks powered by diesel oil or liquefied natural gas, covering the same route with or without a load, was analyzed. A procedure was used to quantify the operational characteristics of the tractor units. Lower CO₂, HC and NOx emissions and higher CO emissions were found for the LNG-powered vehicle compared to the diesel-powered vehicle.

7

The concept of a maintenance-free drive-thru inspection station for commercial vehicles

Brzeżański Marek, Mareczek Michał, Noga Marcin

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 1

35--41

EN

The article presents the concept of a maintenance-free inspection station intended for conducting drive-thru tests of commercial vehicles. The main purpose of building this type of diagnostic line is to carry out non-invasive, preliminary tests of heavy-duty vehicles entering the vehicle service area in terms of parameters affecting the safety of their operation in relation to the applicable standards. The main parameter to be assessed will be the concentration of toxic exhaust components, measured using remote sensing methods. In addition, the proposed diagnostic line can be supplemented with additional remote measurement systems, such as, for example, systems for assessing the condition of vehicle lighting, loads on individual axles and individual wheels of the vehicle, tire pressure, thermal load of the brake system, as well as a system for detecting leaks of fluids from the vehicle. Based on the carried out work, it has been shown that using the current specialist knowledge and the components of measurement systems available on the market, it is possible to develop an innovative diagnostic line using remote measurement methods.

8

Environmental analysis of the traffic closure on Piotrowo and Berdychowo streets in Poznań

Kozak Miłosław, Kryger Tomasz, Siejka Piotr

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 3

18--22

EN

The article deals with the ecological assessment of the potential road investment, which is the closure of Piotrowo and Berdychowo streets within the campus of the Poznań University of Technology. The research was carried out on a simulation model of the city of Poznań with the use of PTV software. Research has shown that the closure of these streets has virtually no impact on city-wide emissions. However, the emissions deterioration takes place on a local scale, i.e. in the vicinity of the campus of the Poznań University of Technology and on most of the streets leading to it.

9

Exhaust emissions of jet engines powered by biofuel

Merkisz Jerzy, Jasiński Remigiusz, Łęgowik Anna, Olejnik Aleksander

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 4

199--206

EN

Biofuel use is one of the basic strategies to reduce the negative impact of aviation on the environment. Over the past two decades, a number of biofuels produced from plants, lubricants and maintenance products have been developed and introduced. New fuels must have specific physicochemical parameters and meet stringent standards. his article presents a comparative analysis of the exhaust emissions measurement results from jet engines powered by traditional aviation kerosene and its blends with ATJ (Alcohol to Jet) biofuel. The concentrations of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were measured. Measurements were conducted in laboratory conditions for various engine load values. Based on the analysis, it was found that the use of biofuel increases the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas relative to aviation kerosene. The use of biofuel did not result in an increase in fuel consumption and related carbon dioxide emissions. Based on the conducted research, it was found that biofuel use did not affect the ecological properties of the engine significantly. In addition, a correlation analysis of the measurement results from both engines was carried out.

10

Emissions from a medium-duty CRDI engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel blends

Duda Kamil, Wierzbicki Sławomir, Mikulski Maciej, Konieczny Łukasz, Łazarz Bogusław, Letuń-Łątka Magdalena

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 1

39--49

EN

In the present work, biofuels produced from different raw fatty materials have been proposed as a dominant fuel component in biodiesel-diesel fuel blends. Biofuels were produced from pork lard and rapeseed oil by alkali transesterification using methyl alcohol. Blends of biofuels in volumetric proportions of 60 and 80% of the biocomponent and the remaining part of the conventional fuel were used in a compression ignition engine designed for medium-duty vehicles. The experiments were conducted at two engine rotational speeds (1500 and 3000 rpm, respectively) and a set of load conditions (50, 100, and 200 Nm, respectively). The tests focused on engine efficiency parameters (brake-specific fuel consumption and brake fuel conversion efficiency) as well as exhaust gas emissions (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were determined). The obtained results indicate that blends containing biocomponents produced from pork lard were characterized by superior fuel consumption and efficiency results, compared to blends containing biocomponents produced from rapeseed oil. In terms of exhaust emissions, biocomponents produced from pork lard were also characterized by lower emission of all of the examined components compared to rapeseed methyl ester-diesel blends. This study proposes that fuel components obtained from custom (animal) raw-fatty material can be an effective substitute for commonly used rapeseed oil methyl esters.

11

Analysis of exhaust emissions in the real operating conditions of a public transport vehicle with the use of PEMS

Bajerlein Maciej

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2021

|

Nr 1

10--17

EN

The paper discusses the issues related to the measurement of the operating parameters of a conventional engine and the parameters of a conventional bus in motion. The measurements were performed under actual traffic conditions of a city bus in Poznań. It is noteworthy that onroad tests under actual operating conditions (PEMS) are one of the main trends of the development of the testing methodology and are gradually gaining in importance. Specific conditions were selected to ensure the highest possible reflection of the actual conditions: the traffic similar to the traffic typical of a regular bus route (average traffic on Poznań routes). The tests were conducted for two days (Friday and Saturday), characteristic of very high and very low number of transported people respectively as well as high and medium traffic congestion. During the tests the engine and the driving parameters were recorded continuously as sent from the diagnostic system of the vehicle and the GPS. The PEMS test method (portable emissions measurement system) presented in the article can be used in the measurement of exhaust emissions in rail vehicles with combustion engines.

PL

W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z pomiarem wskaźników pracy silnika oraz parametrów konwencjonalnego autobusu w ruchu. Pomiary wykonano w rzeczywistych warunkach ruchu autobusu miejskiego w Poznaniu. Warto zauważyć, że badania drogowe w rzeczywistych warunkach eksploatacyjnych PEMS (Portable Emissions Monitoring System) są jednym z głównych trendów rozwoju metodologii badań i stopniowo zyskują na znaczeniu. Specyficzne warunki zostały dobrane tak, aby jak najlepiej odzwierciedlić stan faktyczny: ruch zbliżony do ruchu typowego dla zwykłej linii autobusowej (przeciętny ruch na trasach poznańskich). Testy były prowadzone przez dwa dni (piątek i sobotę), charakteryzujące się odpowiednio bardzo dużą i bardzo małą liczbą przewożonych osób oraz dużym i średnim natężeniem ruchu. W trakcie testów silnik i parametry jazdy rejestrowane były w sposób ciągły przesyłane z systemu diagnostycznego pojazdu i GPS. Przedstawiona w artykule metoda badawcza PEMS (badania emisji spalin w warunkach rzeczywistych) może zostać wykorzystana w pomiarze emisji spalin także w pojazdach szynowych o napędzie spalinowym.

12

Modernizacja instalacji w celu przygotowania Enei Elektrowni Połaniec do nowych standardów emisyjnych wynikających z konkluzji BAT (kBAT) w latach 2019-2021

Skotnicki Henryk

Nowa Energia

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2021

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nr 5/6

84--90

PL

IOS (Instalacja Odsiarczania Spalin) w Elektrowni Połaniec przeszła w swej historii trzy ważne etapy. Były to: budowa w latach 1995-1998, tzw. Etap II budowy IOS lata 2006-2008 oraz modernizacja w latach 2019-2021. Aby przybliżyć wyzwania przed którymi stała Elektrownia Połaniec na przestrzeni 23 lat eksploatacji IOSu, w niniejszym artykule zostaną przedstawiane w skrócie dwa pierwsze etapy oraz bardziej szczegółowo ostatni etap, czyli modernizacja zakończona w 2021 r.

13

Emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) from two vehicles with turbocharged spark ignition engines over cold start driving cycles

Woodburn Joseph

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 2

3--9

EN

This paper reviews the emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds (RNCs) from modern vehicles fitted with spark ignition engines and three-way catalysts. Specific aspects of the pollutants involved - and their formation - are discussed. Cold start driving cycles are scenarios under which emissions of all four RNCs can be significant; the mechanisms behind emissions trends are explored. Experimental data obtained from two vehicles tested over two different cold start driving cycles are presented and analysed. The use of gravimetric and molar metrics are explored. Ammonia, a species which is currently not regulated for passenger cars in any automotive market, is identified as forming the majority of the RNC emissions over the entire driving cycle. While ammonia emissions are strongly linked to aftertreatment system warmup and periods of high load, significant ammonia emissions were also measured under certain hot-running, low load conditions, and even at idle. For the majority of the duration of the test procedures employed, the RNC profile was dominated by ammonia, which accounted for between 69% and 86% of measured RNCs in the exhaust gas. Emissions are compared to the available legislative precedents (i.e. emissions limits currently in force in various jurisdictions). Finally, possibilities for control of exhaust emissions of currently unregulated RNCs are briefly discussed.

14

Analysis of pollutant emissions and fuel consumption for the use of a multi-storey carpark

Andrzejewski Maciej, Nowak Mateusz, Woch Aleksandra, Stefańska Natalia

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 4

46--51

EN

In Poland, the number of vehicles owned per capita is systematically increasing. There is also a noticeable increase in traffic in large urban agglomerations. This creates a number of problems, such as difficulties in finding a parking spot. Then it becomes necessary to search for a long time to stop, which is correlated with higher emission of harmful substances and energy consumption. The aim of the work is a multi-criteria analysis of the selection of a parking spot at a shopping center focused on travel times, pollutant emissions and fuel consumption. In addition, consideration was given to the selection of the optimal parking spot. The tests were carried out in Real Driving Conditions similar to Real Driving Emissions testing. The procedure, currently used as an extension of the type-approval tests, reflects the actual exhaust emissions from vehicles more accurately than tests under laboratory conditions. Specialized PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) apparatus was used for the measurements.

15

Rozwiązanie problemu zmiany trakcji w kontekście funkcjonowania kolei dojazdowej

Rydel Bartosz, Chwedczuk Patryk

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2020

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nr 8

25--28

PL

W ostatnich latach dąży się do jak największego ograniczenia szkodliwego oddziaływania pojazdów trakcji spalinowej na środowisko naturalne. Dlatego też konstruktorzy projektując nowoczesne układy trakcyjne, starają się zminimalizować zużycie przez nie oleju napędowego oraz środków smarnych poprzez zastosowanie nowoczesnych silników spalinowych napędu głównego. Ostatnio dąży się również do zastosowania innych rodzajów napędów, w tym napędu hybrydowego, w którym zasilanie silników trakcyjnych odbywa się z wysokowydajnych zasobników energii (ogniwa akumulatorowe, kondensatory) lub z zasobników wspomaganych energią wytworzoną przez zabudowany na lokomotywie zespół prądotwórczy (silnik spalinowy, prądnica prądu przemiennego, prostownik). Pierwsze pojazdy hybrydowe powstały na bazie samochodów, autobusów, trolejbusów i tramwajów. Dopiero od kilkunastu lat rozpoczęto prace nad stworzeniem układu hybrydowego napędu z zastosowaniem do lokomotyw przeznaczonych najczęściej do ruchu manewrowego i przetokowego. W Polsce pierwsze prace nad stworzeniem układu napędu hybrydowego, w zastosowaniu do modernizowanych spalinowych lokomotyw manewrowych, rozpoczęto w 2010 roku.

EN

In recent years, efforts have been made to reduce as much as possible the harmful environmental impact of diesel traction vehicles. Therefore, when designing modern traction systems, designers try to minimize their discharge of diesel oil and lubricants by using modern internal-combustion engines. In recent years, other types of propulsion have also been sought, including a hybrid drive, in which the traction motors are powered from high-performance energy storage (battery cells, capacitors) or from storage tanks supported by energy generated by the current set installed on the locomotive – creative (internal combustion engine, AC generator, rectifier). The first hybrid vehicles have been created on the basis of cars, buses, trolleybuses and trams. It has only been a dozen or so years of work to develop a hybrid propulsion system with the use of locomotives most often intended for shunting and shunting traffic. In Poland, preliminary work on the creation of a hybrid propulsion system, in application to modernized diesel shunting locomotives, began in 2010.

16

Wpływ cenosferowego i piaskowego złoża fluidalnego na emisję produktów gazowych w procesie spalania ziaren węgla

Migas Przemysław, Baron Jerzy

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 10

1477--1481

PL

Określono wpływ rodzaju złoża na zawartość wybranych składników spalin podczas spalania pojedynczych ziaren węgla w reaktorze fluidyzacyjnym. Proces prowadzono w złożu piaskowym i cenosferowym w temp. 600, 700 i 800°C. Porównano zawartość NO, CO i LZO w spalinach. Stwierdzono, że emisja NO i LZO w wyniku spalania ziaren węgla w złożu cenosferowym była zdecydowanie mniejsza niż przy spalaniu w złożu piaskowym.

EN

Granulated coal (grain size 10–11 mm) was combusted in sand or cenosphere-fluidized beds at 600, 700 and 800°C. The contents of NO, CO and volatile org. compds. (VOC) in the flue gases generated in each bed were compared. Emission of NO and VOC during combustion in cenosphere bed was much lower than during combustion in the sand bed.

17

Tests of ecological indicators of two-way vehicles meeting Stage IIIB and Stage IV standards in real operating conditions

Merkisz Jerzy, Rymaniak Łukasz, Lijewski Piotr, Kamińska Michalina, Kurc Beata

Pojazdy Szynowe

|

2020

|

Nr 1

1--9

EN

The article presents the tests and analysis of ecological indicators of two rail-road tractors carried out during the real operation. The conditions of tests and vehicle constructions were characterized by the similar parameters, while the objects met the different exhaust gas emission standards: Stage IIIB and Stage IV. Apparatus from the PEMS group was used in the tests. In the analysis of ecological indicators, the unit emission of harmful gaseous compounds and particulates was determined. The supplementation is the assessment of toxicity indicators, which are the reference of individual compounds to CO2 emission. More favourable ecological characteristics were obtained by a vehicle meeting the newer exhaust gas emission standard, which resulted mainly from the use of advanced exhaust gas treatment systems in its construction.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano badania i analizę wskaźników ekologicznych dwóch ciągników szynowo-drogowych zrealizowane podczas rzeczywistej eksploatacji. Warunki testów i konstrukcje pojazdów charakteryzowały się zbliżonymi parametrami, przy czym obiekty spełniały odmienne normy emisji spalin: Stage IIIB i Stage IV. W badaniach zastosowano aparaturę z grupy PEMS. W analizie wskaźników ekologicznych wyznaczono jednostkową emisję szkodliwych związków gazowych i cząstek stałych. Uzupełnienie stanowi ocena wskaźników toksyczności, będących odniesieniem poszczególnych związków do emisji CO2. Korzystniejsze charakterystyki ekologiczne uzyskał pojazd spełniający nowszą normę emisji spalin, co wynikało przede wszystkim z zastosowania w jego konstrukcji zaawansowanych układów oczyszczania spalin.

18

Zagadnienia oceny wskaźników ekologicznych pojazdów dwudrogowych w aspekcie aktualnych przepisów homologacyjnych

Andrzejewski Maciej, Daszkiewicz Paweł, Kamińska Michalina, Jakuszko Wojciech, Rymaniak Łukasz

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2020

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R. 22, nr 7/8

64--65

PL

Poprawa stanu środowiska naturalnego wymaga coraz nowszych sposobów na obniżenie emisji związków szkodliwych spalin emitowanych przez pojazdy. Jednym z nich jest zastąpienie wyeksploatowanych lokomotyw manewrowych ciągnikami szynowo-drogowymi. Pojazdy takie przystosowane są do przetaczania wagonów, a ich konstrukcja zapewnia dużą funkcjonalność przy niskich kosztach eksploatacji. Głównym celem tego zabiegu jest zmniejszenie negatywnego oddziaływania pojazdu na środowisko i redukcja zużycia paliwa w porównaniu do lokomotywy wykonującej tę samą pracę. Badania emisyjności spalin testowanego pojazdu przeprowadzono podczas rzeczywistych warunków eksploatacji, dzięki czemu uzyskane wyniki są bardziej miarodajne.

19

Silnik bardziej przyjazny dla środowiska

Więcławski Łukasz

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2020

|

nr 1

29--29

PL

Brytyjska firma Johnston Sweepers wprowadziła nowe silniki Stage 5 JCB do swojej oferty zamiatarek montowanych na ciężarówkach VT Range. Nowe, bardziej przyjazne dla środowiska silniki zostały zaprojektowane w celu spełnienia przepisów Stage 5, oferując niższą emisję spalin w porównaniu z poprzednimi silnikami typu 3b.

20

Cold start emissions from a gasoline engine in RDE tests at different ambient temperatures

Kurtyka Karolina, Pielecha Jacek

Combustion Engines

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2020

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R. 59, nr 2

24--30

EN

The implementation of the 3rd package of the RDE test procedure has extended the test method by considering emissions from a cold start period into the total exhaust emissions from a vehicle. The article presents the research results of exhaust emissions of a vehicle equipped with a gasoline engine. The tests were carried out at two different ambient temperatures, in line with the requirements of the RDE test procedure for passenger cars, meeting the Euro 6d-Temp emissions standard. The obtained results were analyzed, i.e. there were compared the engine and vehicle operating parameters and the values of road exhaust emissions during the cold start at two different ambient temperatures. The summary presents the shares of the cold start phase for each exhaust emission compound in the urban part of the test and the entire RDE test, depending on the ambient temperature (8ºC and 25ºC).