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1

Use of Toxicity Indexes in Reference to Carbon Dioxide for a Vehicle Equipped with a Two-Stroke Engine without an Exhaust Aftertreatment System

Rymaniak Łukasz, Ziętara Bartosz, Szymlet Natalia, Kołodziejek Daniel

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

228--236

EN

Research work on the new assessment of environmental indicators using equipment from the PEMS group (Portable Emission Measurement Systems) with motor vehicles is being developed. Due to the miniaturization of equipment, there are new measurement possibilities for more and more numerous groups of vehicles, including two-wheelers. The article presents the research and a summary of the results of a moped equipped with a two-stroke engine, approved in accordance with the Euro 3 standard. The research object is mainly used for driving in urban traffic. Therefore, the research route was created as the first communication frame in the Poznań agglomeration. In the analysis of the results, the author’s M toxicity index was proposed, which is based on the assumption that CO2 emission is a measure of the correctness of the combustion process. The equipment from the PEMS-AxionR/S+ group, characterized by small dimensions and low weight, was used to determine the actual motion parameters and the emission of toxic compounds. In the analysis of the measurement results, dimensionless indicators of toxicity M of gaseous compounds were determined and a comparative analysis was made with the values of other objects obtained in the course of previous research (motorcycle, passenger car, off-road vehicle, hybrid bus and agricultural tractor). Due to the engine design (two-stroke type), the worst environmental indicators were obtained for CO and HC compared to other tested vehicles.

2

Investigation of processes in the WLTC test of a passenger car with a diesel engine

Andrych-Zalewska Monika

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 3

52--62

EN

The test results and their analysis was discussed in this article. The tests were carried out in accordance with the WLTP (Worldwide Light Duty Test Procedure), on a passenger car with a compression ignition engine. The analysis was conducted doe the following variables: vehicle speed, exhaust emission rate and fuel consumption volumetric rate. The subject of the research are exhaust emission components that are harmful to the health of living organisms: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, as well as greenhouse gases. The research results have shown a very large range of values for carbon monoxide, organic compounds and nitrogen oxides emission rate characteristics. The average distance-specific emissions values of carbon monoxide, organic compounds and nitrogen oxides were very small and were in line with the Euro 6 requirements within a large margin. Correlation studies of the measured variables were conducted - between vehicle speed and exhaust emission rate as well as volumetric fuel consumption rates, and between exhaust emission rates and volumetric fuel consumption rates. The correlation studies have shown that the highest coefficient of determination in relation to vehicle speed was found for volumetric fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission rate, and the weakest correlation for carbon monoxide emission rate and nitrogen oxides emission rate. The correlation between the rate of volumetric fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission, as well as for hydrocarbon emission and methane emission rates, was found to be the strongest. The carbon monoxide emission rate was the least correlated with all the other measured variables. Dimensionless statistical characteristics of the measured variables were determined, such as: extreme values, range, mean value, median, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness and coefficient of variation. For all of them, the mean value was much greater than the median, and the standard deviation was greater still, than both of those values. The numerical distributions for the values of exhaust emission rate and volumetric fuel consumption turned out to be leptokurtic and have right-sided asymmetry. The coefficient of variation analysis made it possible to assess that the most dynamic properties could be observed in organic compounds emission rate, followed by carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides emission rates, and finally - the vehicle speed. Histograms of the examined processes were determined. The vehicle speed histogram was characterized by relative uniformity apart from the dominance of the idle speed. Histograms of exhaust emission rate variables were most frequently dominated by small values. The zero values occurred less frequently for the fuel consumption volumetric rate histogram. Based on the conducted research and the obtained data, a set of conclusions was drawn.

3

Analysis of exhaust emission processes during the Real Driving Emissions test

Andrych-Zalewska Monika

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 66, iss. 2

123--148

EN

The article deals with the study of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine in the Real Driving Emission (RDE) test. These tests are a simulation of real conditions of use of motor vehicles. Nowadays, RDE tests are mandatory for Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) and Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) vehicles and in the future, restrictive standard. Euro 7, which combines stricter limits with a comprehensive RDE test cycle, is becoming a challenge for current vehicle engineering. The paper presents the results of pollutant emission tests from a passenger car (PC). In the tests of LDV in the RDE test, the results of which are analyzed in the article, the Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) mobile exhaust emission testing system was used. The processes describing the operating states of the vehicle and the combustion engine, as well as the processes of exhaust emission intensity and the intensity of the number of particulate (PN), were examined. The correlation between the considered processes was investigated. The emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate and carbon dioxide as well as the road PN were examined. The zero-dimensional statistical characteristics of the examined processes were also determined. The probability density and power spectral density of the processes were established. A great diversity was found in the properties of the process distributions, as well as in the dynamic properties of the processes. In the summary of the analysis of the results of the car speed process, the operating states of the combustion engine and the processes of exhaust emission intensity and the process of the intensity of PN in the RDE test, conclusions were formulated regarding, among others, course of the intensity of these compounds, correlation of the processes of pollution emission intensity and the intensity of the PN with the process of car speed, distribution of processes.

4

Koszty zanieczyszczenia środowiska na drogach ekspresowych

Kośmieja Maria, Pasławski Jerzy

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 12

85--87

PL

W artykule omówiono koszty emisji spalin wynikające z ruchu kołowego na drodze ekspresowej. Podzielono je na koszty spowodowane zanieczyszczeniem środowiska oraz związane ze zmianami klimatu. Na przykładzie odcinka drogi o długości 10 km przedstawiono prognozę kosztów na 15 lat oraz zaproponowano rozwiązania, które w istotnym stopniu mogą zmniejszyć koszty emisji spalin.

EN

The article presents the costs of exhaust emissions resulting from road traffic on the expressway. These costs are divided into costs caused by environmental pollution and costs related to climate change. The cost forecast for 15 years was presented on the example of a 10-kilometer section also the results and conclusions were presented. In conclusion, solutions are proposed that can significantly reduce the costs of exhaust emissions.

5

Adoption of Modern Hydrogen Technologies in Rail Transport

Stobnicki Paweł, Gallas Dawid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

84--91

EN

Many new zero-emission propulsion technologies are being developed today due to the need to reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. The impact of the transport sector on the environment drives a need for innovation, including innovation in the rail transport sector specifically. At the TRAKO fair of rail vehicles the newest technological solutions have been presented. These new vehicles are expected to take over the rail transport sector in the coming decades. Many of the presented solutions and prototypes focused on using hydrogen as fuel for a system of hydrogen fuel cells, which are then used to produce the electricity needed to drive the vehicle. The development of hydrogen fuel technologies in vehicle drives in recent years allowed for a set of new solutions to appear for all types of rail vehicles and applications. Hydrogen powered rail vehicles for transporting cargo, passengers, and shunting vehicles have been shown. This article provides a discussion of the newest hydrogen solutions and vehicles sent to the market. It was determined that the adoption of such solutions will be mainly restricted by the relative cost of the hydrogen fuel rather than the vehicles or fuel cell technologies themselves. The cost of hydrogen production, when powered by renewable Energy sources to enable reduced carbon dioxide emissions, would need to be reduced to at least $2.50 /kg of fuel in order to satisfy the requirements for widespread adoption.

6

Effect of biodiesel blended fuel on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines – a review

Zheng Fangyuan, Cho Haeng Muk, Xu Changchun

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 1

215--231

EN

The internal combustion engine plays a vital role in transportation, industry, and shipping. However, diesel as one of the main fuels for internal combustion engines, caused many environmental and human health problems. In order to solve the problems, more researchers have been committed to the research of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable, sustainable alternative fuel, and its characteristics are similar to traditional diesel. It can be mixed with pure diesel. It has been found that a mix with pure diesel in a certain ratio can effectively reduce the negative effects caused by its characteristics, improve the combustion performance, and reduce the NOx and PM emissions. This article mainly reviews the effects of the mixture of biodiesel and diesel on engine combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions, including three parts: part (1) summarizes and analyzes the biodiesel’s production and characteristics, part (2) analyzes the engine’s performance under different working conditions, and part (3) studies and analyzes the exhaust emission under different working conditions.

7

Research of ecological indicators of two-way vehicle in stationary conditions

Kamińska Michalina, Andrzejewski Maciej, Daszkiewicz Paweł

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 1

30--34

EN

The presented article concerns the research on the emission of pollutants of a rail-road tractor in two stationary research tests. The purpose of the tests was to carry out control tests of pollutant emissions and their analysis. The object used during the works was approved in accordance with the Stage V standard, which requires measurements of emissivity both in stationary, dynamic and real conditions. Despite the requirement to test engines installed on a vehicle during their normal duty cycle with PEMS, the emission limits measured in this test have not yet been defined. Therefore, the work below focuses on the stationary test cycle. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the internal combustion engine operating points described in the approval test, and then compared with the modernized NRSC test. It contains modified measuring points and rotational speeds of the crankshaft, adopted on the basis of the most common operating parameters of agricultural tractor combustion engines in real operating conditions. The measurements were performed with the use of a mobile dynamometer and devices for measuring emissions of harmful exhaust gas compounds and recording on-board data. In the performed test, the vehicle drive system worked at fixed operating points, with defined values of crankshaft rotational speed and load. Based on the recorded data on the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gases, the unit emission of the tested object was determined. In the final stage of the work, these data were used to perform a comparative analysis with the emission limits contained in the standard.

8

Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions

Kamińska Michalina, Kołodziejek Daniel, Szymlet Natalia, Fuć Paweł, Grzeszczyk Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

10--17

EN

The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamometers. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for assessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates. Additionally, the paper presents examples of locomotive exhaust emission tests in real operating conditions. The aim of the measurements was to assess the emission of toxic compounds against the relevant standards. The subject of the research was a diesel locomotive type T448.P equipped with a modernized internal combustion engine.

9

Impact of the use of comfort devices on the exhaust toxic compounds from a modern PC car with spark ignition engine

Siedlecki Maciej, Merkisz Jerzy, Dobrzyński Michał, Kubiak Kamil

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 3

50--55

EN

The use of comfort systems, the number of which in vehicles is constantly increasing, has a direct impact on fuel consumption and engine load. As part of the article, the vehicle's drive in real operating conditions was analyzed in terms of the emission of toxic compounds. The tests were carried out without and with the systems turned on, using the PEMS apparatus, where road emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and solid particles were measured in terms of mass, number and size distribution of diameters. The track was driven four times with different setting of the powertrain of examined car. The differences concerned the number of comfort systems in the vehicle and the mode of operation of the combustion engine.

10

Effect of driving resistances on energy demand and exhaust emission in motor vehicles

Jaworski Artur, Lejda Kazimierz, Bilski Maciej

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

60--67

EN

Among the fundamental factors affecting the emissions of internal combustion engines is the resistance to motion acting on the car. This is an important factor to be taken into account when testing cars in conditions simulated on a chassis dynamometer. The dependence of the driving resistance function on vehicle speed is determined on the basis of various methods, the most frequently used of which is the so-called alternative method specified in procedures for the type approval of motor vehicles with respect to the emission of pollutants in exhaust gases. The values adopted in accordance with the alternative method differ from the actual resistance acting on the car in road conditions. This is one of the reasons why the emission of pollutants and the fuel consumption of an engine in real road conditions differs from the values given by the car manufacturer, including the emission limits specified in the standards. This paper presents an evaluation of the influence of driving resistance on the energy demand and emission of pollutants in the exhaust gases by sample passenger car with SI engine fuelled by petrol and LPG.

11

Calibration of micro-simulation model in assessment of passenger car exhaust emission during acceleration

Nowak Mateusz

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

54--59

EN

In terms of simulation research, it is important to simulate real conditions as precisely as possible. This type of approach makes it possible to minimize the error in the obtained results. The dynamics of acceleration is one of the most important factors having a direct impact on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from vehicles. The work was carried out with the use of PTV Vissim microscopic vehicle motion simulation software. The considerations were carried out on theoretical acceleration profiles with different dynamics values and the actual character of acceleration, recorded during road tests. The simulations were carried out for a car powered by spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. The research showed that the calibration of the acceleration character of the vehicle in simulation tests may result in significant differences in obtained results of exhaust emissions.

12

Analysis of emissions and fuel consumption from forklifts by location of operation

Ziółkowski Andrzej, Fuć Paweł, Jagielski Aleks, Bednarek Maciej

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

30--35

EN

The share of road transport accounts for more than 85% of the total structure of freight transportation. In this process, mainly motor vehicles are used to carry out the freight work. In addition to them, forklifts are also used, whose task is to load and unload goods. These vehicles are categorized as NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Forklift trucks have internal combustion or electric drive. The paper presents an analysis of the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption from forklift trucks equipped with diesel and LPG power. The study uses the author's test taking into account the raising/lowering of a pallet, a loaded and unloaded run. The measurements were made in the warehouse and outside the warehouse using the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment. The aim was to show the influence of loading conditions on the emission of pollutants and fuel consumption.

13

Analysis of the Exhaust Emissions of Toxic Compounds from a Special Purpose Rail Machine PŁT-500 During Profiling the Ballast Cess

Daszkiewicz Paweł, Andrzejewski Maciej, Urbański Patryk, Woch Aleksandra, Stefańska Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 7

80--88

EN

Track works typically require the use of special-purpose rail machines, in which the main source of propulsion includes high-power compression ignition engines. Reliance on these types of engines, which are characterized by a significant degree of wear and tear, relates to relatively high specific fuel consumption and the exhaust emissions of toxic compounds. Using such rail machines to perform modernization and repair works has a negative impact on the natural environment. The article presents test results of toxic compounds exhaust emissions as measured from a special purpose rail machine. The tested vehicle was a machine designed for profiling the ballast cess labeled as PŁT-500. The machine was classified as NRMM (Non Road Mobile Machinery) as well as used for profiling and cleaning the cess. A PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) type apparatus was used for the emissions measurement. This made it possible to measure the exhaust emissions as RDE (Real Driving Emissions) of toxic compounds from the machine under real operating conditions. The obtained test results include the measured exhaust emissions of gaseous compounds: CO, CO2, HC and NOx as well as the vehicle fuel consumption while performing its track works.

14

Wpływ eksploatacji autobusów zasilanych energią elektryczną na jakość powietrza w Zielonej Górze

Kapica Daniel

Journal of TransLogistics

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2020

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Vol. 6, nr 1

11--20

PL

Celem artykułu było opisanie wpływu eksploatacji autobusów zasilanych energią elektryczną na jakość powietrza w Zielonej Górze. Przeanalizowano emisję węglowodorów, tlenków azotu, dwutlenku węgla i pyłów zawieszonych przed dokonaniem wymiany taboru na autobusy elektryczne oraz po jej zakończeniu. Do obliczeń wykorzystano maksymalne wartości emisji spalin określone normami EURO oraz liczbę kilometrów pokonanych przez autobusy przypisane do każdej z nich. Wyniki porównano również z badaniami jakości powietrza w mieście przeprowadzonymi przez Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska. W pracy przedstawiono także normy prawne kształtujące wpływ pojazdów wykorzystywanych w transporcie publicznym na ochronę środowiska oraz opisano system transportu publicznego w Zielonej Górze.

EN

The aim of the article was to describe the influence of exploitation of electric buses on air quality in Zielona Góra. The emission of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and particulate matter was analyzed before and after the replacement of the bus fleet to electric. For calculations author used the European emission standards for buses (EURO) and number of kilometres made by buses in Zielona Góra. The results were compared with air quality tests made by Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection. The article describes also the public transport system in Zielona Góra and ecological legal standards in public transport in Poland.

15

Road Tests of a Two-Wheeled Vehicle with the Use of Various Urban Road Infrastructure Solutions

Szymlet Natalia, Lijewski Piotr, Kurc Beata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

152--159

EN

Road traffic is a common phenomenon in cities, and all urban road users suffer its negative effects. Therefore, the subject of this article is a comparative analysis of the exhaust emissions of toxic compounds and the operating parameters of two-wheeled vehicles measured under real operating conditions. The comparison applies to two drive cycles: in the first, the vehicle was travelling in standard city traffic (without using the bus lanes), while in the second, the vehicle travelled on bus lanes, whenever those were available. Such analysis made it possible to evaluate the ecological usefulness of bus lanes by assessing the exhaust emissions and the travel time of the test vehicle. For this purpose, an analysis of the exhaust emission values in time was performed for gaseous compounds (HC, CO, CO2, NOx) from a scooter equipped with a 125 cm3 displacement engine with a maximum power of 9 kW. The tests were carried out under real operating conditions in the city of Poznań. The route has been chosen so that it consisted of roads with a number of bus lanes. AXIONR/S+ mobile apparatus belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group was used in the research. The device is one of the most modern measuring instruments, where the entire device is a suitcase weighing only 18 kg containing two analyzers for measuring the concentrations of both gaseous and solid exhaust components.

16

Analysis of Research Method, Results and Regulations Regarding the Exhaust Emissions from Two-Wheeled Vehicles under Actual Operating Conditions

Szymlet Natalia, Lijewski Piotr, Sokolnicka Barbara, Siedlecki Maciej, Domowicz Andrzej

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 1

128--139

EN

The subject of this article was the analysis of the current state of legislation regarding the exhaust emissions from two-wheeled vehicles. The regulations and emission limits were analyzed and compared for different areas of the world. Moreover, the review of the legal provisions includes an individual approach to specific categories of two-wheeled vehicles. The study also describes the research and exhaust emission measurement methods from mopeds and motorcycles both under laboratory conditions and in actual operation. The methods were evaluated in the aspect of future emission requirements and trends. In addition, the results of emissivity measurements under actual operating conditions obtained in the Poznań agglomeration with the use of motorcycle units were discussed and analyzed. The values of road emissions of all toxic compounds limited by legislators were compared with emission standards.

17

Rozmieszczenie infrastruktury lotniskowej w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa i ekomobilności

Wojdat Czesław

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2020

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nr 2

26--32

PL

Infrastruktura lotniskowa wpływa na właściwe funkcjonowanie lotniska. Szczególną rolę odgrywa infrastruktura na lotniskach wojskowych. Jest to spowodowane innym, szerszym zakresem funkcji jakie spełnia. Wiele lotnisk wojskowych pomimo gruntownej przebudowy infrastruktury zachowało jej podstawowe rozmieszczenie nie w pełni dostosowane do współczesnych funkcji i zadań logistycznych. W artykule dokonano analizy wpływu rozmieszczenia wybranych elementów infrastruktury lotniskowej na bezpieczeństwo eksploatacji sprzętu lotniskowego. Analizą objęto również charakterystykę emisji spalin, jaką posiada sprzęt lotniskowy wybranej wojskowej bazy lotniczej. W ramach sformułowanych wniosków podjęto próbę poprawy poziomu emisji spalin eksploatowanego w wojsku sprzętu lotniskowego.

EN

Airport infrastructure affects on proper functioning of the airport. A special role is played by the infrastructure at military airport. This is due to the other wider range of functions it performs. Many military airports despite a thorough reconstruction of infrastructure, have kept its basic layout not fully adapted to modern logistics functions and tasks. This article analyzes the impact of the distribution of selected elements of airport infrastructure on the safety of operation of airport equipment. The analysis also covered the exhaust emission characteristics of the airport equipment of a selected military air base. As a part of the formulated conclusions, an attempt was made to improve the level of exhaust emissions of airport equipment used in the army.

18

The selection of the engine unit - main engine generator during the modernization of the 19D/TEM2 locomotive

Michalak Piotr, Merkisz Jerzy, Stawecki Włodzimierz, Andrzejewski Maciej, Daszkiewicz Paweł

Combustion Engines

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2020

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R. 59, nr 3

38--46

EN

The paper aims to present a generating set selection methodology for a modernized diesel locomotive. An analysis of the number of rolling stock, with particular emphasis on the number of diesel locomotives owned by national carriers was performed. Based on the popularity of the locomotives operated on Polish railways, the TEM2 locomotive was chosen to be the base reference for the modernized 19D locomotive described in the paper. The scope of the locomotive's modernization was described. Modernization included: replacement of the internal combustion engine, replacement of the generator set, installation of a new braking system with a pneumatic board and air preparation and treatment system, application of a modern control and diagnostics system with anti-slip system at start-up and braking, and the installation of railway traffic safety devices.

19

Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle

Ziółkowski Andrzej, Fuć Paweł, Lijewski Piotr, Rymaniak Łukasz, Daszkiewicz Paweł, Kamińska Michalina, Szymlet Natalia, Jagielski Aleks

Combustion Engines

|

2020

|

R. 59, nr 3

54--58

EN

Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.

20

Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests

Pielecha Jacek, Skobiej Kinga

Archives of Transport

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2020

|

Vol. 56, iss. 4

33--46

EN

New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional rela-tionships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust components). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.