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1

Quality of hydraulic hoses with reduced service life

Orczykowski Wojciech, Korniluk Jakub, Sobków Robert, Sobków Łukasz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

166--174

EN

The impact of using rubber hydraulic hoses with a shortened service life on environmental pollution has not yet been raised in the scientific national literature. Most researchers focus on the analysis of used engine oils or contaminated fluid in hydraulic systems, rather than on their direct environmental impact. For some time now, the European market has seen an increase in imports of cheap rubber hydraulic hoses from countries outside the Community. There is a potential risk of negative environmental impacts from the use of these hoses if they do not meet appropriate quality standards. The study examined samples of hydraulic hoses purchased directly from the manufacturers or traders of rubber hydraulic hoses from countries outside the European Union. The products were tested for compliance with PN-EN 853:2015-05 and PN-EN 857:2015-05. Out of 14 fully tested hydraulic hoses, only 2 were found to comply with the applicable European standards. The results encourage further research to determine the impact of rubber hydraulic hoses with reduced service life on environmental and economic costs.

2

Removal of textile dyes from water using cellulose aerogel

Liugė Monika, Paliulis Dainius, Kumpienė Jūratė, Paulauskienė Tatjana

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2024

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Vol. 31, nr 1

49--62

EN

In this study, removal of textile dyes from artificially contaminated water was investigated using sorbent synthesised from cardboard waste. Aerogel - lightweight adsorbent - a material with a low density and large surface area. Aerogels obtained from cellulose, chitosan, lignin or pectin have good adsorption properties for removing organic pollutants from wastewater. The aim of this study was to determine the adsorption efficiency of naphthol green B, congo red, methylene blue and rhodamine B from artificially contaminated water using sorbent synthesised from cardboard waste. The mass of the cellulose aerogel (5 mas. %) adsorbents, that were used in the experiments varied from 1.6 g to 2.74 g. The optimal adsorption conditions were determined as pH = 6.0, concentration of dyes - 10 mg L–1 and 18.0 °C -19.0 °C temperature. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of naphthol green B using aerogel was 16.45 %; congo red - 98.44 %; methylene blue 79.28 %; and rhodamine B - 52.44 %.

3

Analysis of the factors contributing to environmental pollution in the subcarpathian province

Kalda Galyna, Krokos Jolanta, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2024

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Vol. 71

19--31

EN

The work presents an examination of Poland's environmental condition, with a focus on the contamination of air and surface waters by various chemical elements. The composition and quality of the air impact ecosystems, plant growth, the animal kingdom, and shape human living conditions. These factors play a significant role in driving global climate change. The repercussions of air pollution encompass phenomena such as smog, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, as well as impacts on industrial and municipal facilities, contributing to global warming. The article conducts an analysis of air pollution, surface water contamination, and electromagnetic radiation pollution in Subcarpathian, utilizing the city of Stalowa Wola and the Stalowa Wola county as case studies. This choice is informed by the fact that Stalowa Wola stands as one of the largest industrial cities in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, suggesting that environmental pollution levels in this county might surpass those in other regions. The article also delineates the features of air and surface water pollution, along with electromagnetic radiation characteristics. It scrutinizes pollution sources in the mentioned county, explicates the causes of such pollution, and proposes strategies for environmental amelioration. The analysis of the environmental status of Stalowa Wola county during the years 2018 to 2020 is presented, accompanied by recommendations for initiatives that could enhance its condition. The research findings indicate that the condition of uniform segments of surface waters, as evaluated through conducted studies, is deemed poor. The discharge of wastewater from specific pollution points, particularly wastewater from municipal origins, emerges as the predominant cause of subpar water quality.

4

Role of green logistics in the construction of sustainable supply chains

Pham Nguyen Dang Khoa, Dinh Gia Huy, Pham Hoang Thai, Kozak Janusz, Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

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nr 3

191--211

EN

The global supply chain has been growing strongly in recent years. This development brings many benefits to the economy, society, and human resources in each country but also causes a large number of concerns related to the environment since traditional logistics activities in the supply chain have been releasing a significant amount of emissions. For that reason, many solutions have been proposed to deal with these environmental pollution problems. Among these, three promising solutions are expected to completely solve environmental problems in every supply chain: (I) Application of blockchain in the supply chain, (II) Use of renewable energy and alternative fuels, and (III) Design of a closed supply chain. However, it seems to lack a comprehensive study of these solutions aiming to overcome the drawbacks of traditional logistics. Indeed, this work focuses on analyzing and evaluating the three above-mentioned solutions and the impacts of each solution on solving problems related to traditional logistics. More importantly, this work also identifies critical factors and challenges such as policies, laws, awareness, and risks that are found to be remarkable difficulties in the shifting progress of traditional logistics to green logistics. Finally, directions for developing and deploying green solutions to the logistics, supply chain, and shipping sectors toward decarbonization strategies and net-zero goals are discussed in detail.

5

Ograniczenie wybranych środków produkcji w uprawie rzepaku ozimego: wyzwania i możliwości maksymalizacji plonu z zachowaniem aspektów ekologicznych

Fiedur Marcin, Królikowski Kamil, Jarecki Wacław

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2023

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T. 27, cz. 2

15--22

PL

Badania przeprowadzone w sezonie 2021-2022 mają charakter wstępny, a ich celem było zwrócenie uwagi na korzyści wynikające z zachowywania aspektów ekologicznych w produkcji rolnej. W doświadczeniu porównano reakcję dwóch odmian rzepaku ozimego (Tigris, Riccardo KWS) na dwa poziomy intensywności uprawy oraz opłacalność zastosowanych zabiegów agrotechnicznych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że plon i skład chemiczny nasion był uzależniony od zastosowanej technologii uprawy. Korzystniejsze efekty ekonomiczne uzyskano z uprawy rzepaku ozimego na poziomie średnio intensywnym (A2), pomimo niższego plonu. Odmiana Tigris przewyższała badanymi parametrami odmianę Riccardo KWS F1. Wykazano, że w systemach uprawy mniej intensywnej zwiększa się efektywność wykorzystania użytych środków do produkcji co może przyczynić się do zmniejszenia negatywnego wpływu na środowisko naturalne.

EN

The research conducted in 2021-2022 is preliminary and its aim was to draw attention to the benefits of maintaining ecological aspects in agricultural production. The experiment compared the response of two varieties of winter rapeseed (Tigris, Riccardo KWS) to two levels of cultivation intensity and the profitability of the applied agrotechnical treatments. The research shows that the yield and chemical composition of seeds depended on the cultivation technology used. More favorable economic effects were obtained from growing winter rapeseed at a medium-intensity level (A2), despite the lower yield. The Tigris variety exceeded the Riccardo KWS F1 variety in the tested parameters. It has been shown that in less intensive cultivation systems, the efficiency of the use of production inputs increases, which may contribute to reducing the negative impact on the natural environment.

6

Influence of the manner of water discharge from dam reservoirs on downstream water quality

Cieśla Maksymilian, Gruca-Rokosz Renata

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

91--101

EN

The study was carried out in the area of three dam reservoirs: Blizne and Maziarnia (Voivodeship of Podkarpackie) and Nielisz (Voivodeship of Lublin). The main parameter differentiating the reservoirs was the water retention time and the manner of water discharge from the reservoirs. Three test sites were designated in the area of each reservoir: in the river zone of the reservoir, in the central part of the reservoir, and near the reservoir dam. At these sites, the concentrations of suspended sediment in the water and the content of organic matter in it, the concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen, as well as chlorophyll a were monitored. In addition, two control sites were established: on the river upstream of the reservoir and on the river downstream of the dam, respectively. At these points, the concentrations of suspended sediments in the water and their organic matter content were recorded. The obtained results of the study and multivariate analysis of the data showed that morphometric parameters (including water retention time) of reservoirs and the method of water discharge influence water quality in downstream rivers. It was found that by using lower discharge and ensuring a sufficiently long retention time of water in the reservoir, it is possible to effectively limit the negative aspects of hydrotechnical structures’ impact on the natural environment. In practice, the observed relationships may constitute an important and missing link in the aspect of minimising undesirable side effects of this type of hydrotechnical objects.

7

Recent Progress of Phytoremediation-Based Technologies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Yuliasni Rustiana, Kurniawan Setyo Budi, Marlena Bekti, Hidayat Mohamad Rusdi, Kadier Abudukeremu, Ma Peng Cheng, Imron Muhammad Fauzul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

208--220

EN

Phytoremediation is considered of a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology and has been used successfully for the remediation of soils and water contaminated with various pollutants. Specifically for full scale application to treat industrial wastewater, phytoremediation is used as sole technology for different types of wetlands. However, phytoremediation of polluted water in wetland type reactor has been mostly studied as black box. The method to measure the performance is only based on pollutant removal efficiency and there is very limited information available about of the pollutant removal mechanisms and process dynamics in these systems. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to briefly review basic processes of phytoremediation, its mechanisms and parameters, and its interaction between rhizo-remediation and microbe-plant. In addition, this chapter also elaborated phytoremediation challenges and strategies for full-scale application, its techniques to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants by aquatic plants in water, and some examples of applications in industries.

8

Performance of Modified Slow Sand Filter to Reduce Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids, and Iron in River Water as Water Treatment in Disaster Areas

Fitriani Nurina, Wahyudianto Febri Eko, Salsabila Nada Fikna, Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Radin, Kurniawan Setyo Budi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

1--18

EN

This study aimed to determine the ability to modify slow sand filter (SSF) media with silica sand or Anadara granosa shells on the efficiency of removal of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and iron in the water of Kali Jagir Surabaya as an effort to achieve clean water in disaster areas, to obtain the influence of variables, and to optimize the obtained results. The research data was processed using Design Expert 11 Software which factors consisted of media type, filtering speed, and running time, for the responses of removal efficiencies for each parameter. The reactor was operated continuously for 6 days, and samples were analyzed for turbidity parameters based on Indonesian standard (SNI 06-6989.25-2005); TSS and Iron Standard Method 23rd 3500A. In addition, the results of the parameters were processed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to show the significant effect of the variables on the efficiency of the elimination of all parameters. Optimal research was achieved in the SSF reactor unit with silica sand media type and filtering speed of 0.1 m/hour turbidity removal efficiency of 82.07%; TSS 89.5%; and 50.14% iron. However, the reactor that was chosen was the filtering speed of 0.1 m/hour with a flow rate of 22.8 L/day, while the SSF was suitable to be applied in disaster areas, which had a large discharge. Hence, the reactor is suitable for use in water sanitation in disaster areas, namely with a filtering speed of 0.3 m/hour which produces a discharge of 68.4 L/day with variations of sand, geotextile, and silica sand media.

9

Performance of Intermittent Slow Sand Filter Processing Units in Treating Food Court Wastewater

Fitriani Nurina, Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Radin, Affandi Moch., Nurdin Rafly Rizqullah, Kurniawan Setyo Budi, Ni'matuzahroh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

117--139

EN

This study aimed to determine the performance of modified slow sand filter (SSF) media with blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) and activated carbon to remove turbidity, TSS, TDS, and FOG on the food court wastewater. The concentration of water pollutant parameters processed by SSF was determined based on Indonesia water quality standards, as well as knowing the optimum operational parameters of intermittent slow sand filter with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The research data was processed using the Optimal type (custom) design which consisted of independent factors including the type of filter media, the addition of bacteria to the grease trap pre-treatment unit, and running time, as well as the research response in the form of the effectiveness of removing turbidity, TSS, TDS, and FOG. The reactor was operated intermittently (48 hours) for a maximum of 22 days and the concentration of pollutant parameters was calculated using the Standard Methods. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA, p<0.05) in the 2FI model of the study showed that there was a significant effect of all independent factors on the effectiveness of removing all water pollutant parameters. The most optimal operational parameters were achieved with the type of activated carbon media, the addition of Bacillus sp. in the grease trap pre-treatment unit in the amount of as much as 1%, and the detention time of 4 days, with the effectiveness of removing turbidity reaching 39.53%; TSS 45.25%; TDS 19.30%; FOG 61.35%.

10

Analysis of the Quantity and Composition of Waste in the Peja District, Kosovo

Musliu Milaim, Bilalli Astrit, Ibrahimi Halil, Berisha Nusret, Grapci-Kotori Linda, Geci Donard

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

228--235

EN

The conducted study aimed to investigate the quantity and composition of municipal waste deposited in landfills in the Peja District of Kosovo over the period of 2005–2021. The study covered four municipalities within the district: Peja, Klina, Istog, and Deçan. A total of 705,246.7 tons of waste were deposited during the analyzed period, with the municipality of Peja depositing the largest amount (428,347.9 tons) and Deçan the smallest (67,143.6 tons). Regarding the composition of waste, the majority of municipal waste consists of biodegradable components (about 38%), followed by plastic (20 %), paper and cardboard (17%), glass (7%), textile (5%), diapers (3%), tetrapak (1.5%), metals (1%), construction materials (1%) and small waste (6.5%). This investigation contributes to municipal waste management to know the exact amount of waste produced and its composition.

11

The role of country's green brand and digitalization in enhancing environmental, social, and governance performance

Kwilinski Aleksy, Lyulyov Oleksii, Pimonenko Tetyana

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 4

1--22

EN

In the contemporary global landscape, characterised by increasing concerns about climate change, sustainable development, and corporate responsibility, it is necessary to study and address pressing issues at the intersection of environmental consciousness, technological advancement, and governance practices. This paper aims to examine the relationship between the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) pillars of a country’s development, green brand and digitalisation. To achieve the study’s goal, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied. The object of investigation was EU countries for 2016-2020. The findings allow us to conclude that a country's green brand is conducive to ESG performance by attracting green investment in renewable energies, social projects, and innovations. The results confirm that governments should prioritise sustainability initiatives, such as investing in renewable energy, adopting sustainable practices, and implementing environmental and social policies. Such efforts can enhance a country's green brand and lead to positive ESG outcomes, attracting more responsible businesses and investors. Moreover, digitalisation promoted governance by 0.142. The results showed that digitalisation could be a powerful tool for improving a country's green brand and ESG performance. Digital technologies can help countries monitor and manage environmental resources, promote sustainable practices, and engage with stakeholders.

PL

W obecnym globalnym krajobrazie, charakteryzującym się rosnącymi obawami dotyczącymi zmian klimatycznych, zrównoważonego rozwoju i odpowiedzialności korporacyjnej, istnieje potrzeba zbadania bieżących kwestii na przecięciu świadomości ekologicznej, postępu technologicznego i praktyk zarządzania. Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie zależności pomiędzy środowiskowymi, społecznymi i zarządczymi (ESG) filarami rozwoju kraju, zieloną marką i cyfryzacją. Do realizacji celu badania zastosowano modelowanie równań strukturalnych metodą częściowych najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS-SEM). Obiektem badania były kraje Unii Europejskiej w latach 2016-2020. Wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że zielona marka kraju sprzyja wynikom ESG poprzez przy-ciąganie zielonych inwestycji w odnawialne źródła energii, projekty społeczne i innowacje. Wyniki potwierdzają, że rządy powinny nadać priorytet inicjatywom zrównoważonego rozwoju, takim jak inwestowanie w energię odnawialną, przyjmowanie zrównoważonych praktyk oraz wdrażanie polityki środowiskowej i społecznej. Takie działania mogą wzmocnić zieloną markę kraju i doprowadzić do pozytywnych wyników ESG, przyciągając bardziej odpowiedzialne firmy i inwestorów. Ponadto, cyfryzacja promowała zarządzanie o 0,142. Wyniki pokazały, że cyfryzacja może być potężnym narzędziem do poprawy zielonej marki kraju i wyników ESG. Technologie cyfrowe mogą pomóc krajom monitorować i zarządzać zasobami środowiskowymi, promować zrównoważone praktyki i angażować się w relacje z interesariuszami.

12

Strategy for Liquid Waste Management for Batik Industry in Ulu Gedong Village, Jambi, Indonesia

Maryani Anis Tatik, Dewi Sari, Syarifuddin Hutwan, Wibowo Yudha Gusti

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

176--183

EN

Batik industry liquid waste in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City,must be managed so it doesn’t pollute the surrounding environment. Many factors influence the need for properly treated batik liquid waste. Thus, it is necessary to know what factors cause pollution and the right strategy for managing Batik industry wastewater in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze aspects that influence the liquid waste management strategy for Batik industries in Ulu Gedong Vil-lage, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City, (2) to determine the appropriate strategy for managing Batik industry wastewater in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, Jambi City.The number of respondents in this study consisted of 20 people using the Analytic Network Process method and using the “Super Decision” software. The results showed that the most influential aspects in the management of Batik industry liquid waste in Ulu Gedong Village, DanauTeluk District, namely Cultural aspects (0.92), Economic (0.80), Social (0.45), Manage-ment (0.42), and Technical (0.41). The main priority in the Batik industry liquid waste management strategy is providing convenience and incentives to businesses participating in wastewater management, such as granting business licenses and tax breaks. So it is hoped that the role of the Jambi City government can strive to provide convenience and incentive assistance to batik entrepreneurs who have or want to build batik Wastewater Man-agement Installation facilities.

13

Integral Assessment of the Impact on Ukraine's Environment of Military Actions in the Conditions of Russian Aggression

Terebukh Andriy, Pankiv Natalia, Roik Oksana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

90--98

EN

The article outlines the current issues of environmental security in the context of the escalation of the RussianUkrainian war. The purpose of the study is to assess the risks associated with environmental hazards in the context of the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article provides an overview of implementations of the economic mechanism of environmental risk assessment and provides quantitative characteristics of integrated threat assessments that characterize the environmental security of the regions of Ukraine. According to the results of the assessment of the integral indicator of ecological danger, the regions of Ukraine are grouped according to the level of safety. Estimated values are identified according to the proposed numerical range of environmental risk values. The obtained results indicate that the regions of Ukraine differ in terms of the integral indicator of ecological danger. To assess the danger of anthropogenic impact on human and environmental safety, the following environmental safety risk assessments were calculated.

14

Financial development and environmental pollution control - an analysis of intermediary effect based on technological innovation

Han Li, Li Ting

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 2

251--258

EN

Based on the rapid development of green finance and the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao) from 2007 to 2020, to deeply discuss the relationship between financial development (FD), technological innovation and environmental pollution (EP) control is the centre of this article by using panel fixed-effect and intermediary effect model. The influence of FD on EP is tested by building a benchmark regression model. In addition, the intermediary effect model is adopted to explore how FD affects EP control through technological innovation mechanism. The conclusions show that China’s FD can effectively promote regional EP control on the whole, and FD can improve EP through technological innovation mechanism, but there is significant regional heterogeneity: compared with high government intervention areas, FD can promote EP control through technological innovation in low government intervention areas. Therefore, it is suggested that all regions promote the construction of financial infrastructure, upgrade the level of regional financial marketisation, speed up the realisation of regional technological innovation and EP control. This work is conducive to the formulation of appropriate government policies to promote the improvement of the financial system and the establishment of innovative mechanisms, and the reasonable reduction of government intervention and the improvement of the efficiency of financial resource allocation based on the needs of financial market players.

15

Corporate environmental management with digital transformation : theory and applications

Liu Wei, Tsai Sang-Bing, Wu Chia-Huei, Shao Xuefeng, Wacławek Maria

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 2

155--157

16

Exploration on sustainable new infrastructure green development pattern: coupling coordination measurement and evaluation of China’s new infrastructure investment intensity and green technology innovation

Yang Simin, Zhu Kunjie

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 3

3--15

EN

In the context of China’s new infrastructure construction developing rapidly, this paper explores the sustainable new infrastructure green development pattern. We establish qualitative and quantitative indicators for green technology innovation (GTI) at both the societal macro level and enterprise micro level, capturing the multidimensional nature of China’s green innovation dynamic. Additionally, we create an indicator system for China’s new infrastructure investment intensity (NTI) across three areas: information infrastructure, integration infrastructure, and innovation infra-structure. Using provincial panel data from 2010 to 2020, we construct a coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) to examine the level of coordination between NTI and GTI. Our findings reveal that: the degree of coordination between NTI and GTI follows a U-shaped curve, with both subsystems remaining far from highly coordinated during rapid development; the coupling level of NTI and GTI in China is currently at a near dissonance level overall; the degree of coupling and coordination between NTI and GTI is mainly influenced by policies, and the coupling level is higher on the enterprise side than on the societal side; the two parameters (α-NTI and β-GTI) widely used in prior studies have less of an effect on the coordinated coupling system than other factors considered herein.

17

Koszty zanieczyszczenia środowiska na drogach ekspresowych

Kośmieja Maria, Pasławski Jerzy

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 12

85--87

PL

W artykule omówiono koszty emisji spalin wynikające z ruchu kołowego na drodze ekspresowej. Podzielono je na koszty spowodowane zanieczyszczeniem środowiska oraz związane ze zmianami klimatu. Na przykładzie odcinka drogi o długości 10 km przedstawiono prognozę kosztów na 15 lat oraz zaproponowano rozwiązania, które w istotnym stopniu mogą zmniejszyć koszty emisji spalin.

EN

The article presents the costs of exhaust emissions resulting from road traffic on the expressway. These costs are divided into costs caused by environmental pollution and costs related to climate change. The cost forecast for 15 years was presented on the example of a 10-kilometer section also the results and conclusions were presented. In conclusion, solutions are proposed that can significantly reduce the costs of exhaust emissions.

18

Evaluation of Soil Toxicity of an Oil and Gas Condensate Field after Reclamation of Disturbed Lands on the Example of the Field of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Okmyanskaya Valentina M., Bogdanova Olga V.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

257--267

EN

Oil pollution is a hazard both in terms of scale and toxicity. Oil and oil products cause poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation. The natural self-purification of natural objects from pollution depends on the natural conditions of the region, the presence of moisture, heat and the activity of the vital activity of the soil biocenosis. Under the conditions of Siberia, where a low temperature regime is maintained for a long time, self-purification is a long process. As a result of the long industrial use of the Medvezhye oil and gas condensate field, the soils of this area have accumulated pollutants. Thus, it is required to assess the toxicity of the soil, as well as to provide the ways and methods to prevent its environmental pollution. One of the ways to restore disturbed landscapes is technical and biological reclamation, the features and results of which are considered in this study using the Medvezhye deposit sand pit as an example.

19

Materiały w technologiach wodorowych

Sosnowski Jacek, Wojtasiewicz Grzegorz, Zawadzka Ewa

Inżynieria Elektryczna

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2022

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nr 9

20--22

PL

W obecnej dobie kryzysu energetycznego, a także zmian klimatycznych związanych z globalnym ociepleniem, wywołanym głównie emisją do atmosfery gazów cieplarnianych, w szczególności dwutlenku węgla CO2, intensywnie prowadzone są poszukiwania alternatywnych źródeł energii oraz ekologicznych paliw, które nie będą zanieczyszczały środowiska naturalnego. Materialnym przykładem wskazującym na konieczność tych zmian jest stale rosnąca cena praw do emisji dwutlenku węgla, która z początkowej ceny 6 Euro za tonę osiąga już wartość 90 Euro za tonę. Stąd też wynika zainteresowanie technologiami wodorowymi, których produktem finalnym w obszarze wykorzystania w transporcie jest woda. Ma to miejsce niezależnie od tego, czy wodór używany jest w ogniwach paliwowych stanowiących napęd silników pojazdów elektrycznych, czy też w procesie spalania w tlenie, jak ma to miejsce na przykład w napędzie rakiet kosmicznych. Zauważmy bowiem, że właśnie najbardziej naturalną i zarazem najprostszą metodą wykorzystania wodoru jako źródła energii jest spalanie go w tlenie i w przemyśle rakietowym (do ich napędu taka właśnie metodyka jest stosowana). Zauważmy także, że Polska jest jednym z liderów w produkcji wodoru, zajmując trzecie miejsce w Europie, gdyż roczna wielkość produkcji wodoru w Polsce wynosi około 1 miliona ton, z tego Grupa Azoty S.A. wytwarza ok. 420 tys. ton, obecnie w całości z paliw kopalnych.

20

Innowacyjna stacja usuwania farmaceutyków w Jaworznie

Stepa Joanna

Forum Eksploatatora

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2022

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Nr 4 (121)

22-26

PL

Rozwój przemysłu farmaceutycznego prowadzi do występowania coraz większego zanieczyszczenia środowiska naturalnego lekami, a problem zaczyna być zauważany na poziomie prawodawców unijnych. Wodociągi Jaworzno sp. z o.o., spędziły dwa lata na pracy przy projekcie badawczo-rozwojowym, którego celem było wyeliminowanie farmaceutyków ze ścieków oczyszczonych, zrzucanych do wód.