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1

Transboundary Air Pollution in the Krakow Agglomeration Using the HYSPLIT Model

Ciepiela Maciej, Sobczyk Wiktoria

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 1

161-167

EN

The study aims to analyze the measurement data of PM10 particulate matter in the Krakow agglomeration. It develops a model of the backward trajectory of air masses to determine whether and to what extent natural phenomena, such as forest fires outside Poland, affect the level of air pollution. The article describes the process of pollutant dispersion in the Earth’s atmosphere and the principles of air monitoring in the Krakow agglomeration. The study uses 2022 measurement data from ten monitoring stations of the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in the Krakow agglomeration. Two periods of increased PM10 particulate matter were selected. On the basis of the HYSPLIT software, which uses backward air trajectories, the influx of transboundary pollution was simulated. Then, by analyzing the FIRMS fire information system, an attempt was made to document that the pollution sources considered were of natural origin and that human activity did not in any way determine the emissions and their magnitude.

PL

Celem badań była analiza danych pomiarowych pyłów zawieszonych PM10 na terenie aglomeracji krakowskiej oraz wykonanie modelu trajektorii wstecznych mas powietrza w celu określenia, czy i w jakim stopniu zjawiska naturalne, takie jak pożary lasów poza granicami Polski, wpływają na stopień zanieczyszczenia powietrza. W artykule opisano proces dyspersji zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze ziemskiej oraz zasady monitoringu powietrza w aglomeracji krakowskiej. Do opracowania posłużono się danymi pomiarowymi z 2022 r. z dziesięciu stacji monitoringu Głównego Inspektoratu Ochrony Środowiska, znajdujących się na terenie aglomeracji krakowskiej, gdzie wytypowano dwa epizody zwiększonego stopnia zanieczyszczenia pyłami zawieszonymi PM10. Bazując na oprogramowaniu HYSPLIT, który wykorzystuje wsteczne trajektorie powietrza, przeprowadzono symulację napływu zanieczyszczeń transgranicznych. Następnie analizując system informacji o pożarach FIRMS, podjęto się próby udokumentowania, iż uwzględnione źródła zanieczyszczeń miały pochodzenie naturalne, a działalność człowieka w żaden sposób nie decydowała o emisji i jej wielkości.

2

Extracting Land Surface Albedo from Landsat 9 Data in GEE Platform to Support Climate Change Analysis

Barletta Carlo, Capolupo Alessandra, Tarantino Eufemia

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 6

35--75

EN

Land surface albedo is a relevant variable in many climatic, environmental, and hydrological studies; its monitoring allows researchers to identify changes on the Earth’s surface. The open satellite data that is provided by the USGS/NASA Landsat mission is quite suitable for estimating this parameter through the remote sensing technique. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potentialities of the new Landsat 9 data for retrieving Earth’s albedo by applying da Silva et al.’s algorithm (developed in 2016 for the Landsat 8 data) using the Google Earth Engine cloud platform and R software. Two urban areas in Southern Italy with similar geomorphologic and climatic characteristics were chosen as study sites. After obtaining thematic maps of the albedos here, a statistical analysis and comparison among the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 results was performed considering the entire study areas and each land use/land cover class that is provided by the Copernicus Urban Atlas 2018. This approach was also applied to the data after being filtered through Tukey’s test (used to detect and remove outliers). The analysis showed a very good correlation between the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 estimations (ρ > 0.94 for both sites), with some exceptions that were related to some mis-corresponding values. Furthermore, the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 outliers were generally overlapping. In conclusion, da Silva et al.’s approach appears to also be reasonably applicable to the Landsat 9 data despite some radiometric differences.

3

Web-Based Information and Analytical Monitoring System Tools – Online Visualization and Analysis of Surface Water Quality of Mining and Chemical Enterprises

Bernatska Natalia, Dzhumelia Elvira, Dyakiv Vasyl, Mitryasova Olena, Salamon Ivan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

99--108

EN

An analysis of the quality of surface water of State Enterprise Rozdil Mining and Chemical Enterprise ‘Sirka’ was carried out. It was established that in order to ensure ecological balance in the zone of influence of this enterprise, it is necessary to conduct regular monitoring observations, maintenance, supervision and control over the condition of hydraulic structures, elimination of sources of pollution. The obtained research results indicate that there is a need to create an information and analytical monitoring system in order to effectively store, process, and analyze the data based on the principles of comprehensive environmental monitoring for the collection, storage, and processing of data on pollution of various elements of the environment, which will provide forecasting of environmental changes in the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise. On the basis of the obtained research results, a web application was created based on an interactive map of water sampling points, visualization of the obtained results of hydrochemical monitoring of Rozdil Lakes, and a forecast of the state of the water environment.

4

Application of the simple additive weighting method in the assessment process of air pollution on the campus of the Silesian University of Technology

Zajusz-Zubek Elwira, Korban Zygmunt

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 4

167--174

EN

The article presents the measurement results of the concentration of dust PM10 and PM2.5 as well as SO2, NO, NO2 and NOx based on a mobile laboratory located on the campus of the Silesian University of Technology (Poland, Gliwice, Konarskiego 20B, 50.292934N, 18.682164E), in the so-called “winter period” in 2020 (from 01/01/2020 to 31/03/2020 and from 01/10/2020 to 31/12/2020). The obtained results were used to carry out a synthetic (aggregated) assessment of the threat to the anthropogenic environment, the so-called “objects”, i.e. days on which the measurements were made, interpreted as points in the multidimensional space with coordinates corresponding to the measurement results of the concentration of dust pollutants: PM10 and PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants: SO2, NO, NO2 and NOx. The determined synthetic values additionally allowed for ordering (creating rankings) of the examined “objects” in terms of air quality. For the calculations, the Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) was used, which belongs to the group of single-criteria synthesis methods.

5

Environmental mapping of Burkina Faso using TerraClimate data and satellite images by GMT and R scripts

Lemenkova Polina, Debeir Olivier

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2023

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Vol. 72, no. 2

art. no. e45, 2023

EN

In this paper, the climate and environmental datasets were processed by the scripts of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and R to evaluate changes in climate parameters, vegetation patters and land cover types in Burkina Faso. Located in the southern Sahel zone, Burkina Faso experiences one of the most extreme climatic hazards in sub-saharan Africa varying from the extreme floods in Volta River Basin, to desertification and recurrent droughts.. The data include the TerraClimate dataset and satellite images Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared (TIRS) C2 L1. The dynamics of target climate characteristics of Burkina Faso was visualised for 2013-2022 using remote sensing data. To evaluate the environmental dynamics the TerraClimate data were used for visualizing key climate parameter: extreme temperatures, precipitation, soil moisture, downward surface shortwave radiation, vapour pressure deficit and anomaly. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was modelled over the study area to estimate soil water balance related to the soil moisture conditions as a prerequisites for vegetation growth. The land cover types were mapped using the k-means clustering by R. Two vegetation indices were computed to evaluate the changes in vegetation patterns over recent decade. These included the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) The scripts used for cartographic workflow are presented and discussed. This study contributes to the environmental mapping of Burkina Faso with aim to highlight the links between the climate processes and vegetation dynamics in West Africa.

6

System monitorowania zagrożeń wibroakustycznych w procesach inwestycyjnych

Korbiel Tomasz

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 10

71--73

PL

W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję rozproszonego systemu monitorowania poziomu zagrożeń środowiskowych w trakcie prac budowlanych. System ten charakteryzuje się elastycznością oraz dużą gamą mierzonych parametrów. Ważną cechą zaprojektowanego systemu monitorującego jest szybki przepływ informacji, przede wszystkim do obsługi maszyn stwarzających zagrożenie. Rozproszona struktura oraz interdyscyplinarność systemu pozwoliła zintegrować oprócz czynników wpływających na środowisko, takich jak drgania i hałas, również inne zagrożenia, a mianowicie zapylenie, ruchy masowe gruntu, poziom wód gruntowych, obciążenie elektroenergetyczne. Opracowany system został zastosowany na placu budowy. Działanie systemu pozwoliło istotnie obniżyć wpływ m.in. drgań parasejsmicznych na budynki mieszkalne.

EN

The article presents the concept of system for monitoring the level of environmental hazard factors during construction works. This system is characterized by high flexibility and a wide range of measured parameters. An important feature of the designed monitoring system is the rapid distribution of information, in particular for operating hazardous machines. The dispersed structure and interdisciplinary nature of the system allowed to integrate, apart from factors affecting the environment, such as vibrations and noise, other threats such as dust, ground mass movements, groundwater level, power load. The developed system was used on construction site. Operation of the system significantly reduced the impact of, among others, paraseismic vibrations on residential buildings in a short distance from the ongoing construction investment.

7

Evaluation of Soil Toxicity of an Oil and Gas Condensate Field after Reclamation of Disturbed Lands on the Example of the Field of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Okmyanskaya Valentina M., Bogdanova Olga V.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

257--267

EN

Oil pollution is a hazard both in terms of scale and toxicity. Oil and oil products cause poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation. The natural self-purification of natural objects from pollution depends on the natural conditions of the region, the presence of moisture, heat and the activity of the vital activity of the soil biocenosis. Under the conditions of Siberia, where a low temperature regime is maintained for a long time, self-purification is a long process. As a result of the long industrial use of the Medvezhye oil and gas condensate field, the soils of this area have accumulated pollutants. Thus, it is required to assess the toxicity of the soil, as well as to provide the ways and methods to prevent its environmental pollution. One of the ways to restore disturbed landscapes is technical and biological reclamation, the features and results of which are considered in this study using the Medvezhye deposit sand pit as an example.

8

Ecological Monitoring of the Content of Heavy Metal Ions in the Aquatic Environment

Chernykh Elena G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

270--276

EN

Solid-phase spectrophotometry is one of the effective methods for detecting heavy metals in water. Environmental monitoring of the content of heavy metal ions in the aquatic environment is an urgent task for controlling the quality of wastewater from enterprises, as well as studying their impact on natural water bodies. In this study, an rapid and easy-to-use method for the determination of a number of heavy metals by solid-phase spectrophotometry was developed.

9

Targeted Selecting of Bioassay Methods as an Alternative to the "Battery of Bioassays"

Olkova Anna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

153--161

EN

The article describes an algorithm for selecting a targeted bioassay method. It was proposed to consider the most sensitive method to a certain contamination as the targeted method of bioassay. The selection was made from a "battery of bioassays", which necessarily includes the D. magna mortality test. The rest of the methods for comparing sensitivity were selected situationally. The algorithm was tested on model samples. It was found that mortality tests for D. magna and C. affinis are the most sensitive to contamination with mineral nitrogen compounds. E. coli bioluminescence reduction test is preferred when there is contamination with Cu, phosphates and pyrophosphates. It was shown that the test to reduce the chemotactic reaction of P. caudatum should be used when the aquatic environment is polluted with Cd, Pb, Zn, oil products, organic herbicides imazethapyr and imazamox. The proposed algorithm is universal, but it should be applied when the priority pollutant is known, the effects of which prevail over the action of other compounds in the sample.

10

Synergic use of neural networks model and remote sensing algorithms to estimate water clarity indicators in Khanpur reservoir, Pakistan

Faizi Fiza, Mahmood Khalid

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 3

1433--1443

EN

Freshwater reservoirs are limited and facing issues of over-exploitation, climate change effects and poor maintenance which have serious consequences for water quality. Developing countries face the challenge of collecting in situ information on ecological status and water quality of these reservoirs due to constraints of cost, time and infrastructure. In this study, a practical method of retrieval of two water clarity indicators, total suspended matter and secchi disk depth, using Sentinel-2 satellite data is adopted for preliminary assessment of water quality and trophic conditions in Khanpur reservoir, Pakistan. The study explores the synergy of utilizing two independent models, i.e., case 2 regional coast color analytical neural network model and semiempirical remote sensing algorithms to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of water clarity patterns in the dammed reservoir, in the absence of ground measurements. The drinking water quality and trophic state of the reservoir water is determined based purely on satellite measurements. Out of the five months studied, the reservoir water has high turbidity and poor eutrophic status in three months. The results from both computational models are compared, which exhibit a high degree of statistical agreement. The study demonstrates the effective utilization of relevant analytical and semiempirical methods on satellite data to map water clarity indicators and understand their dynamics in both space and time. This solution is particularly useful for regions where routine ground sampling and observation of environmental variables are absent.

11

Zastosowanie inteligentnych sieci czujników i systemów monitorowania do zarządzania gospodarką wodno-kanalizacyjną w obszarach zurbanizowanych

Swolkień Jacek, Tomaszek Marek, Halecki Wiktor

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 2

142--148

PL

W artykule przedstawiamy system do kontroli poziomu nieczystości ciekłych w zbiornikach bezodpływowych, wykorzystywanych głównie w gospodarstwach domowych. System ten to zespół kilku powiązanych elementów realizujących jako całość zadanie polegające na przekazaniu końcowemu użytkownikowi informacji o stanie napełnienia zbiornika. Ponadto, umożliwia analizę poziomu ścieków wskazując na ewentualną eksfiltrację ścieków lub infiltrację wód gruntowych.

EN

In this article, we present a system for controlling the level of liquid waste in septic tanks, commonly used mainly in households. The system is a set of several interrelated elements that perform, as a whole, and proceeding the information about the filling status of the tank to the end-user with. In addition, it enables the analysis of the level of sewage, indicating a possible exfiltration of sewage or infiltration of groundwater.

12

Próbniki pasywne jako obiecujące narzędzia do monitorowania mikrozanieczyszczeń środowiska wodnego

Godlewska Klaudia, Paszkiewicz Monika, Stepnowski Piotr

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2021

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nr specjalny

40--46

PL

Techniki pasywne są wygodnym i wydajnym sposobem pobierania próbek w monitoringu środowiska wodnego, i mogą z powodzeniem zastąpić metody punktowego pobierania próbek. Popularne próbniki pasywne posiadają wiele zalet, m.in.: pozwalają na oznaczanie związków organicznych występujących w wodach w śladowych ilościach, umożliwiają monitorowanie szerokiej grupy związków chemicznych oraz znacznie skracają czas przygotowania próbki do analizy instrumentalnej.

13

Examples of pollutant transport models in groundwater of a municipal waste landfill - case study

Ciuła Józef

Journal of Engineering, Energy and Informatics

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2021

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No. 1

80--92

EN

Landfills must be constantly monitored in terms of their impact on soils, groundwater and surface water, as well as plants and air quality. Leachate with high content of inorganic and organic substances, heavy metals and toxic compounds pose particular hazard. Release of leachates from the landfill may occur as a result of insulation leakage, leading to the transfer of hazardous substances into the soil and the aquifer. This paper is an attempt to describe the structure of the mathematical model used for the analysis of groundwater flow and possible directions of contaminants migration in the aquifer of an active landfill as a result of leachate release. The models have been assessed, which indicated the necessity of validation and calibration in order to obtain credible results. The analysis of literature has shown that mathematical models are often used as a tool in scientific or industrial studies. Available software products used for modeling migration of contaminants in groundwater are a vital part in landfill management and forecasting its potential environmental impact.

PL

Składowisko odpadów jest obiektem wymagającym ciągłego monitoringu jego oddziaływania na gleby, wody podziemne i powierzchniowe, rośliny oraz powietrze. Szczególne zagrożenie stwarzają odcieki zawierające duży ładunek substancji nieorganicznych, organicznych oraz metali ciężkich i związków toksycznych. Uwolnienie odcieków z bryły składowiska może wynikać z nieszczelności jego izolacji, co skutkuje przedostaniem się do gleby i warstwy wodonośnej substancji niebezpiecznych. W artykule podjęto próbę opisu konstrukcji modelu matematycznego wykorzystywanego do wykonania analizy przepływu wód podziemnych i prawdopodobnych kierunków migracji zanieczyszczeń w warstwie wodonośnej czynnego składowiska odpadów w przypadku uwolnienia odcieków. Wykonano ocenę modeli wraz z koniecznością ich walidacji i kalibracji w celu uzyskania wiarygodnych wyników. Analiza literatury przedmiotu wykazała, że modele matematyczne są często wykorzystywane jako narzędzie w badaniach naukowych oraz branżowych. Dostępne programy komputerowe przeznaczone do modelowania migracji zanieczyszczeń w wodach podziemnych stanowią ważny element zarządzania składowiskiem i prognozy jego potencjalnego oddziaływania na środowisko.

14

Urban network of air quality measurement nodes

Swolkień Jacek, Tomaszek Marek, Halecki Wiktor

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2021

|

no. 1

23--39

EN

Smart city is a city that increases the interactivity of its components and put emphasis on their functionality. Internet of Things technology (IoT) is an innovative solution in environmental protection. Usually, information on air quality is very scattered. This paper describes the test stages of pre-implementation works, focusing on the presentation of the technical design of the measurement nodes and the assumptions of the IT project. The goal of the project Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network Infrastructure (IIBSC) is, among others, to create a dense network of air quality measurement nodes at city, district or even street level. The concept is based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology using a matrix construction tool connected to multiple identical measurement nodes located in the test area. The project developed a hardware platform supporting sensors and resistant to external factors, and an ISIMPIO information platform based on edge processing technology for processing data from air quality sensors. Due to the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, an edge server using edge processing was designed. Edge server provides a complete ecosystem for building edge applications that are fully optimized for seamless field work. In addition, it allows the implementation of integrated Python software, the MQ Telemetry Transport support protocol (MQTT), time-series database, firmware update over a wireless network, and built-in security system. Measuring the concentration of particulate matter and other substances in the air will be useful for specialists assessing their dynamics. The technology and test installation selected corresponds to the leading solutions in this field in Europe and, in the future, should also be extended to less urbanised areas.

PL

Inteligentne miasto to takie, które zwiększa interaktywność swoich komponentów i kładzie nacisk na ich funkcjonalność. Technologia Internetu Rzeczy (IoT) w ochronie środowiska to rozwiązanie innowacyjne. Obecnie wszystkie informacje o jakości powietrza są generalnie bardzo rozproszone. W artykule opisano testowe etapy prac przedwdrożeniowych, skupiając się na prezentacji projektu technicznego węzła pomiarowego oraz założeń projektu informatycznego. Celem badań jest stworzenie miejskiej sieci węzłów pomiaru jakości powietrza z pomiarami ziarnistymi w rejonie miasta, dzielnicy lub ulicy. Koncepcja oparta jest na technologii Internetu Rzeczy (IoT) z wykorzystaniem narzędzia do budowy macierzy połączonej z wieloma identycznymi węzłami pomiarowymi ułożonymi na badanym obszarze. Wyniki badania wykazały, że opracowano odporną na warunki zewnętrzne platformę sprzętową czujników oraz platformę informatyczną ISIMPIO IT jako technologię przetwarzania danych z czujników monitorujących jakość powietrza. Ze względu na wykorzystanie technologii Internetu Rzeczy (IoT) zaprojektowano serwer brzegowy wykorzystujący przetwarzanie brzegowe. Serwer zapewnił kompletny ekosystem do tworzenia aplikacji brzegowych, które są w pełni zoptymalizowane pod kątem bezproblemowej pracy w terenie. Ponadto pozwolił na implementację zintegrowanego oprogramowania Python, obsługę MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT), bazę danych szeregów czasowych, aktualizację oprogramowania układowego przez sieć bezprzewodową oraz wbudowane zabezpieczenia. Pomiar stężenia pyłu zawieszonego i innych substancji w powietrzu będzie przydatny do oceny ich dynamiki przez specjalistów. Wybrana przez nas technologia i instalacja testowa odpowiada wiodącym rozwiązaniom w tej dziedzinie w Europie, a w przyszłości powinna zostać rozszerzona również na obszary mniej zurbanizowane.

15

Methods of Soils Pollution Spread Analysis: Case Study of Mining and Chemical Enterprise in Lviv Region (Ukraine)

Dzhumelia Elvira, Pohrebennyk Volodymyr

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

39--44

EN

This study is dedicated to the assessment of the heavy metal pollution of soil by determining the category of soil contamination due to the activities of mining and chemical enterprise. The X-Ray Diffraction method was used experimentally to determine the qualita-tive and quantitative composition of heavy metals and other inorganic elements in samples, soil pollution with heavy metals. Main sources of heavy metals in industrial waste are identified. The environmental pollution with some heavy metals (Sr, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn) was assessed and exceeded the MPC. The ecological situation of soil contamination with heavy metals near tars on the study area territory is estimated in the category from permissible pollution to hazardous pollution. Soil near the phosphogypsum dump is classified as an acceptable, moderately dangerous, and dangerous category of soil pollution. It was established that at a distance of 20 m from the tailings the soils belong to the dangerous category of soil, closer to the tailings – to moderately dangerous. The value of the concentration coefficient indicates the activity of leaching processes (Cc < 1) and accumulation (Cc > 1) of substances in the genetic horizons of the soil. It is necessary to forecast the state of the environment in the area of influence of these enterprises to develop effective means of ensuring environmental safety.

16

Modelling the migration of anthropogenic pollution from active municipal landfill in groundwaters

Ciuła Józef

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2021

|

Vol. 14, no. 2

81--90

EN

Landfill requires a systematic monitoring of its impact on groundwater and surface waters. The paper presents the modeling of pollution migration for cases when leachate penetrates the aquifer layer. For this purpose, a conceptual hydrodynamic model of the aquifer was developed in the program Visual ModFlow Pro, which is a spatial two-layer model. Chloride ion was used as an indicator defining the rate of pollution migration. The results of calculations and modeling of pollution migration in soil-water conditions demonstrated that it is practically impossible for pollutants to penetrate the aquifer, since a sufficient protection is provided by artificial insulation and a layer of sandy clays. A potential pollution migration to groundwater can only occur after a rupture - damage to the insulation layer. In such a case, vertical infiltration will be taking place in the 4aeration zone for a relatively long period, while the migration of pollutants already in the saturation zone (hydrated) will be taking place at a relatively high speed.

17

Optimization and Evaluation of Calibration for Low-cost Air Quality Sensors: Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Models

Zhivkov Petar

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

|

Vol. 25

255--258

EN

With the advancement of air pollution management, low-cost sensors are increasingly being used in air quality monitoring, but the data quality of these sensors is still a major source of concern. In this paper, data from five air monitoring stations in Sofia were compared to data from fixed low-cost PM sensors. The values of atmospheric pressure from low-cost sensors and the effects of relative humidity were investigated. A two-step model was created to refine the calibration process for low-cost PM sensors. At first, we calibrated the sensors with five separate supervised machine learning models and then the ANNf inal model with anomaly detection completed the results. The ANN-final model improved the R2 values of the PM10 determined by low-cost sensors from 0.62 to 0.95 as compared to standard instruments. In conclusion, the two-step calibration model proved to be a positive solution to addressing low-cost sensor efficiency issues.

18

Próbniki pasywne jako obiecujące narzędzia do monitorowania mikrozanieczyszczeń środowiska wodnego

Godlewska Klaudia, Paszkiewicz Monika, Stepnowski Piotr

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2020

|

nr 2

28--34

PL

Technika pasywnego pobierania próbek stała się ważną metodą monitorowania środowisko wodnego. Urządzenia pasywne dostarczają informacji o średnim ważonym w czasie (TWA, ang. time-weighted average) stężeniu związku docelowego w wodzie, co stanowi znaczącą przewagę tej techniki nad metodą punktowego pobierania próbek, która daje możliwość określenia stężenia analitu jedynie w danym czasie i miejscu pobierania próbki. Ostatnio próbniki pasywne skonstruowane do pobierania rozpuszczalnych w wodzie związków chemicznych, w tym próbniki typu POCIS (ang. polar organic chemical integrative sampler) oraz Chemcatcher, zostały z powodzeniem zastosowane w wodnych komponentach środowiska. Z tego względu w niniejszym artykule przeglądowym zebrano dane odnośnie możliwości aplikacyjnych wyżej wspomnianych próbników. Opisano również zasadę działania urządzeń pasywnych, przedstawiono ich budowę oraz scharakteryzowano zalety i wady technik pasywnych.

EN

The passive sampling technique has become on important method for monitoring the aquatic environment. Passive devices provide information on the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) concentration of a target compound in water, which is a significant advantage of this technique over the method of point sampling, which enables to determine the concentration of an analyte only at a given time and at the place of collecting a sample. Recently, passive samplers constructed for the uptake of water-soluble chemical compounds, including POCIS (Polor Organic Chemical lntegrative Sampler) and Chemcatcher samplers, have been successfully used in aqueous environmental components. Therefore, this review article gathers data on the application possibilities of the above-mentioned samplers. Moreover, the principle of operation of passive devices is described, their construction is presented and the advantages and disadvantages of passive techniques are characterized.

19

Monitoring mikrobiologiczny środowiska

Sztucki Damian

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2020

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R. 25, nr 1

12--14, 19

20

Monitoring środowiska gruntowego w Polsce

Jaguś Andrzej

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2020

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Vol. 21, nr 3

24--32

PL

W artykule przedstawiono systemy monitoringu środowiska przyrodniczego o zasięgu ogólnokrajowym, związane ze środowiskiem gruntowym. Pierwszy to monitoring chemizmu gleb ornych, ujawniający jakość gleb rolniczych w Polsce. Monitorowane jest 216 punktów. Problem stanowi głównie zakwaszenie gleb oraz niedobór przyswajalnego fosforu. Drugi to monitoring suszy rolniczej. Jest oparty na wyznaczaniu klimatycznego bilansu wodnego w powiązaniu ze zdolnościami retencyjnymi gleb. Stwierdzenie suszy uprawnia do uzyskania państwowej pomocy finansowej. Trzeci to monitoring osuwisk, który dotyczy głównie obszaru Karpat Polskich. Wyznaczane są tereny zagrożone ruchami gruntu, a w obrębie osuwisk analizowane są przemieszczenia powierzchniowe (pomiary GPS) i wgłębne (pomiary inklinometryczne). Opisano zakres każdego monitoringu, a także podano liczne informacje metodyczne. Zwrócono uwagę na praktyczne aspekty działań monitoringowych. Wyniki każdego monitoringu są w różnym zakresie dostępne do wiadomości publicznej, co umożliwia ich dyskutowanie.

EN

The article presents nationwide environmental monitoring systems related to the ground environment. The first system is the monitoring of chemical properties of arable soil, aiming to estimate the quality of agricultural soils in Poland. Totally 216 points are being monitored. The problem is mainly soil acidification and a deficiency of available phosphorus. The second one is monitoring of agricultural drought. It is based on the determination of the climate water balance in connection with soil retention capacity. When a drought is confirmed it entitles to receive state financial assistance. The third system is the landslides monitoring, which mainly concerns the area of the Polish Carpathians. The areas endangered by ground movements are indicated, and within landslides surface of ground displacements (GPS measurements) and deep movements (inclinometric measurements ) are analyzed. The scope of each monitoring was reviewed, as well as numerous methodological information was given. The attention was paid to practical aspects of the monitoring activities. The results of each monitoring are available to be public message in varying degrees, which makes it possible to discuss them.