Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Measuring economic resilience for the CEE and Black Sea countries in the framework of comprehensive defense

Constantinescu Maria

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 44, No. 4

55--83

EN

The main research objective of this paper is to identify key factors influencing economic resilience from the perspective of comprehensive defence. This involves developing a composite economic resilience index (Ericda) that outlines the relative economic resilience of countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Black Sea regions, within the comprehensive defence framework. The paper employs qualitative research methods, focusing on an analysis of specialist literature pertaining to economic resilience. Quantitative methods are also used for developing the Economic Resilience Index from the Comprehensive Approach to Defence (Ericda) perspective. This includes using data on selected resilience indicators in Central and the Eastern European and Black Sea region countries to generate rankings. The results of the study reveal strong positive correlations between the economic resilience index and various factors, such as logistics and infrastructure, economic complexity, foreign trade vulnerabilities and dependence, economic stability and development, governance effectiveness, military, and human capital. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed with the resilience index. The research findings suggest that to ensure effective comprehensive defence, isolated measures targeting individual pillars are inadequate. Economic resilience requires a collaborative approach, extending beyond the purview of the finance ministry and involving a broader range of stakeholders.

2

The Business Model for Access to Affordable RE on Economic, Social, and Environmental Value: A Review

Erdiwansyah, Gani Asri, Mamat Rizalman, Nizar Muhammad, Yana Syaifuddin, Rosdi S.M., Zaki Muhammad, Eko Sardjono Ratnaningsih

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 5

5--43

EN

Renewable energy has the potential to power the global economy and effective business models will significantly aid this goal, being among the most critical factors in spurring expansion in the energy industry. This paper reviews articles that discuss business models in the renewable energy sector. Longterm economic, social, and ecological stability is concerned. Previous studies have neglected the environmental sustainability of renewable energy business models, focusing on their technical, social, and economic aspects, primarily for energy access. The business models for solar home and pico systems relied heavily on lowering costs through creative payment plans for customers to be commercially viable. The demand for mini-grids requires end users to launch businesses that can leverage electrification initiatives to be commercially viable. The success of a mini-grid depends on the average consumption and revenue per user. Affordability, unmet energy needs, low electricity demand, lack of financing, unfamiliar business models, and immature markets have impeded energy access in Indonesia. Our analysis revealed that future studies in this field must include environmental sustainability to provide a complete picture for decision-makers. Renewable energy needs in Indonesia can be achieved through the sustainability domain, policy makers can consult this evidence set.

3

Competitiveness and Advantages of Camelina sativa on the Market of Oil Crops

Hryhoriv Yaroslava, Lyshenko Margarita, Butenko Andrii, Nechyporenko Valentyna, Makarova Viktoriia, Mikulina Maryna, Bahorka Mariia, Tymchuk Dmytro S., Samoshkina Iryna, Torianyk Inna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 4

97--103

EN

The article presents the question of the effect of the effectiveness of various elements of cultivation technologies on the competitiveness of Camelina sativa and the profitability of its cultivation on acidic, low–fertility sod-podzolic soils. Fertilizers are one of the fast-acting and effective factors in increasing the yield of Camelina sativa. It was established that introduction of mineral fertilizers had a significant impact on competitiveness of Camelina sativa seeds. Dependence of productivity elements and yielding capacity on crops has been determined. It was established that spring cruciferous crops had different seed productivity. According to the results of conducted research, it was found that the highest seed yielding capacity among spring cruciferous crops had spring Brassica napus L., but the oil content in Camelina sativa seeds was 46.53%, which is 4.08% more than in Brassica napus L. Therefore, oil outcome from the yield of Brassica napus L. and Camelina sativa was almost the same.

4

The technical-economic and environmental study of a hybrid photovoltaic liquid petroleum gas energy system for an isolated community in Algeria

Amara Mohamed, Mostefai Mohamed

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2022

|

R. 98, nr 2

54--58

EN

In this work, we have investigated the different configurations employing hybrid PV- LPG system. We have use the HOMER software to evaluate the better price and ideal configuration of hybrid system in Ain el Skhouna village in the city of Saida in Algeria, with reference to price of production of energy and its annual yield suited to diverse configuration. The results prove that the PV-LPG configuration is the best result, with minimum price. energy and ecologically than the others configurations.

PL

W niniejszej pracy zbadaliśmy różne konfiguracje wykorzystujące hybrydowy układ PV-LPG. Za pomocą oprogramowania HOMER oszacowaliśmy lepszą cenę i idealną konfigurację systemu hybrydowego w wiosce Ain el Skhouna w mieście Saida w Algierii, w odniesieniu do ceny produkcji energii i jej rocznej wydajności dostosowanej do zróżnicowanej konfiguracji. Wyniki dowodzą, że konfiguracja PV-LPG jest najlepszym wynikiem, przy minimalnej cenie. energii i ekologicznie niż inne konfiguracje.

5

Statistical analysis of road freight transport in Catalonia

Boldizsar Adrienn

Production Engineering Archives

|

2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 1

40--49

EN

This article describes the links between economic level, investment in Research & development (R&D), and Catalan freight transport between 2006 and 2016. Catalonia is the second most populous area in Spain, northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, whose economy ranks second among the Autonomous Communities, surpassed only by the Community of Madrid, to speak of a significant economic and social region. The study sought to answer the question of what economic contexts exist in the region regarding freight transport. To do all this, it uses mathematical-statistical tools to explore the relationships between real data sets, which were calculated using seven indicators. The analyses suggest a positive increase in the volume of imports and exports of goods in the region. The same is true for GDP per capita. It came as a surprise that virtually no positive correlations existed between R&D and any other indicators. In analysing the indicators, we found that the current economy was pushed back by the 2008 world economic change, similarly to international trends. At the same time, there has been rapid growth since 2010, especially in exports. This also means that Spain, particularly the Catalan region, has serious trade relations, which affect the region’s economic development and the freight transport industry.

6

Traffic congestion level in 10 selected cities of Poland

Caban Jacek

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 112

17--31

EN

Transport has a great impact on human activities but contributes to many negative phenomena occurring in road traffic, for example, road traffic accidents, emission of toxic exhaust fumes into the atmosphere and a high share of cars in road traffic. For the above reasons, many initiatives have been taken in the field of road traffic management and urban logistics. Based on a literature review, it was found that the problem of the phenomenon of traffic congestion in urban areas remains an ongoing issue. In the first part of this article, the theoretical issues of traffic flow and congestion formation in the city road networks were presented. While the second part outlines the situation of transport congestion in 10 Polish cities based on the worldwide TomTom Traffic Index in the years 2008-2018. This study is a brief analysis of the trends relating to transport congestion based on the TomTom Traffic Index in these cities.

7

A panel data estimation of the determinants of life expectancy in selected SAARC countries

Jafrin Nusrat, Masud Muhammad Mehedi, Saif Abu Naser Mohammad, Mahi Masnun, Khanam Moriam

Operations Research and Decisions

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2021

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Vol. 31, No. 4

69--87

EN

The precarious and decisive dynamics concerning the health of the population of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries has called for further inquiry into the determinants of life expectancy (LE) in this region. Hence, the current paper employs the panel data estimation methods to analyse the economic, social, demographic, environmental, and technological factors influencing LE in five SAARC countries. These countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) are selected as they are favoured by the country similarity theory and other identical contexts. Available secondary data from 2000 to 2016 were obtained from the World Bank and UNDP databases for the specfic countries. The results reveal that the mean year of schooling and sanitation services are significant positive predictors of life expectancy at birth (LEAB). However, the total fertility rate, urban population, and CO2 emissions negatively influence life expectancy. Furthermore, the impact of health expenditure on life expectancy is significant but negative, which is unconventional. On the other hand, other independent variables, such as GDP, gross capital formation, internet usage, and mobile cellular subscription turn out to be insignificant predictors of LEAB. Our aggregate findings reveal some common factors on which the governments of SAARC countries can collaborate to improve the LEAB of the region while identifying some idiosyncratic factors that require tailored attention of the governments and policymakers of the respective nations.

8

Influence of Critical and Economic Motivations on the Intention to Buy Second Hand Clothes of Vietnamese Consumers

Hoa Bui Thi Phuong, Ngo Quang Van

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

|

Vol. 28

163--167

EN

This study focuses on the impact of critical and economic motivations on the intention to buy second hand clothes (SHC) of Vietnamese consumers. Using quantitative research methods to conduct research. Survey sample of 823 consumers aged 18-41 years living in Vietnam. The data was analyzed and processed by SPSS 23 and Amos 23 software. The research results have shown that the critical and economic motivations have impacts on the attitude, which in turn influence the purchase intention of consumers. Besides, the low-price motive, which was mentioned as the main reason why consumers buy SHC, now only indirectly affects the intention to buy through the mediating variable. Especially for Vietnamese consumers, the critical motivation includes both the perception of sustainability and the anti-ostentation dimension.

9

The problems of sustainable and permanent development in the context of understanding the essence of science

Borowiecki Ryszard, Siuta-Tokarska Barbara

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

|

z. 147

79--90

EN

Purpose: The article refers to the problems of permanent and sustainable development in the context of understanding the essence of science. The aim of the research is to show the existing relationship between sustainable and permanent development as a specific idea and science in its essence. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological frames of the publication were defined taking into consideration the assumed research goals as well as the research questions. Findings: For the research aim the following research questions were formulated: - what does the essence of science express in and what are its pillars? - what does the essence of sustainable and permanent development consist in? - is there a relationship between the problem of sustainable and permanent development and understanding the essence of science? - what should be expected so that science – in its essence – could really contribute to the realisation of the idea of sustainable and permanent development? Practical and social implications: The research is theoretical but takes into consideration available empirical data considering more important changes in natural, social and economic capital in the world, on the basis of which trends in the progress in the application implementation of the idea of sustainable and permanent development are presented. The publication also discusses the connections between the essence of science and its real contribution to putting the idea of the permanent and sustainable development into practice. Originality/value: The model of sustainable and permanent development’ idea in the aspect of the essence of science – pillars and foundations for the construction of the new world.

10

Blockchain and supply chain sustainability

Rejeb Abderahman, Rejeb Karim

LogForum

|

2020

|

Vol. 16, no. 3

363--372

EN

Background: Supply chain sustainability is a central concern of most organizations. The main objective of sustainable supply chains is to create and maintain long term economic, social, and environmental value for all stakeholders involved in delivering products and services to markets. As sustainability constitutes one of the critical drivers of innovation, the recent emergence of blockchain technology typifies the disruptive impact of digital innovation on supply chain sustainability. Blockchain is a foundational technology that poses a shift in the development of supply chain sustainability. Methods: Despite the increasing importance of blockchain in improving supply chain efficiencies and bringing societal changes, research investigating its potentialities from the lens of sustainability is scarce. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap and synthesize the literature from leading journals on the topic of blockchain and its relation to supply chain sustainability. Papers were collected from different scientific databases and carefully analyzed. The possibilities of blockchains are identified and classified according to the triple bottom line framework, namely the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Results and conclusions: The majority of studies focused on the economic implications of blockchains on supply chains. The sustainable economic aspects of the technology identified in the reviewed literature are mostly the transformational potentials of blockchains and their capabilities to drive new disintermediated business models, higher operational efficiencies, cost advantages, and additional sources of value creation. The social empowerment of supply chains is found through the ability of blockchain to create trustful relationships among supply chain partners, increase food safety, support humanitarian logistics, and promote social equity. Moreover, firms attempting to move forward in their environmental policies and strategies can use blockchain to extend their efforts to improve their environmental practices across the supply chain, reduce the strain on energy and natural resources, and offer environmentally friendly products.

PL

Wstęp: Zrównoważoność łańcucha dostaw leży w centrum zainteresowania większości organizacji. Głównym celem zrównoważonych łańcuchów dostaw jest stworzenie i utrzymanie długoterminowych ekonomicznych, socjalnych i ekologicznych zysków dla wszystkich akcjonariuszy w trakcie dostaw produktów i usług na rynek. Rozwój zrównoważony wydaje się być jednym z krytycznych czynników innowacyjności, ostatnio pojawiające się technologie blockchain mają istotny wpływ na zrównoważoność łańcuchów dostaw. Blockchain jest technologią, która może istotnie przyczynić się do rozwoju zrównoważonego łańcucha dostaw. Metody: Pomimo rosnącego zainteresowania znaczenie blockchainu dla poprawy efektywności łańcuchów dostaw, istnieje bardzo mało badań i publikacji na ten temat. Dlatego ten celem tej pracy było wypełnienie istniejącej luki i stworzeni syntezy literatury naukowej na blockchain oraz jego relacji ze zrównoważonym łańcuchem dostaw. Prace badawcze były uzyskane z różnych baz publikacyjnych i poddane wnikliwej analizie. Możliwości wynikające ze stosowania blockchain zostały zidentyfikowane i sklasyfikowane w odniesienie do wymiaru ekonomicznego, socjalnego, środowiskowego oraz rozwoju zrównoważonego. Wyniki i wnioski: Większość prac badawczych skupia się na ekonomicznych wpływach blockchainu na łańcuch dostaw. Zrównoważone ekonomiczne aspekty technologii zidentyfikowane w badanej literaturze głównie dotyczą możliwości transformacji przez blockchain oraz możliwości zmiany modelu biznesowego, zwiększenie efektywności operacyjne, korzyści kosztowych oraz dodatkowych źródeł finansowania. Zalety socjalne łańcuchów dostaw są widziane głównie w możliwości stworzenie zaufanych relacji między partnerami biznesowymi, wzroście bezpieczeństwa żywności, wspomożeniu logistyki humanitarnej oraz promocji równości socjalnej. Jednocześnie firmy starają się zmienić swoją politykę środowiskową używając blockchainu dla zwiększenie swoich praktyk ekologicznych w obrębie łańcuchów dostaw, redukcję zużycia energii i zasobów naturalnych oraz wprowadzenie produktów przyjaznych środowisku.

11

The influence of ecophysiographic determinants on the functional-spatial development of rural areas - a study of the village of Lubasz

Borucińska-Bieńkowska Hanna

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2020

|

Vol. 30, no. 2

234--246

EN

The article discusses selected issues concerning the influence of ecophysiographic determinants on functional-spatial and socio-economic development in rural areas. Ecological, economic and social processes that have been taking place for the past few decades are examined in the context of the development of local self-governments and transformation of economic processes into market oriented economy following socioeconomic changes in Poland. The process of intense urbanization of the countryside is a common phenomenon that occurs specifically in rural areas that are within the impact zone of a big city. It is caused by i.a. human migration into rural areas as well as by development of areas of business activation. These tendencies, which occur both in the social and economic context, greatly affect ecological processes. Expansion of land development and the ensuing further development of necessary technical infrastructure give rise to numerous problems in natural environment. Ecophysiographic determinants play a vital role in the pursuit of sustainable development of the countryside in the aspect of threats that result from excessive urbanization of rural areas. The author discusses these issues on the example of a study of the village of Lubasz in the wielkopolskie voivodeship.

12

Economic, social and environmental impacts attained by the use of the effluents generated within a small-scale biorefinery concept

Lopes Tiago F., Łukasik Rafał M.

Acta Innovations

|

2020

|

no. 36

57--63

EN

Biorefineries are emerging as the proper route to defeat climate change and other social, socio-economic and environmental concerns. So far, no residual lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries have been yet industrially implemented, mainly due to its economic viability. This article exposes some elements that may help overcome the bottlenecks associated to its social, economic and environmental sustainability: small-scale approaches, biomass valorisation through added-value products and near-zero effluent.

13

Sustainable Development as a Single Measure:Case Study of Some Developing Asian Countries

Venkatesh G.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2015

|

Vol. 10, nr 2

31--42

EN

The Rio Earth Summit of 1992 had emphasized on the development of suitable indicators for the measurement of sustainable development, as aids for decision-making at all levels. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how a Holistic National Sustainability Index can be constructed, by taking into consideration four dimensions of sustainability – Social, Economic, Environmental and Infrastructural. The methodology is applied to 12 developing Asian countries, where sustainable development is vital in the years to come. Comparison among countries using their respective Indices would be meaningless; it is not the states the countries are at a given point in time, but the paths which they follow over time, on the sustainability curve, which are comparable. Limitations and subjectivity notwithstanding, such an Index when used on its merit (with complete understanding of its deficiencies), can be a good planning tool for decision-makers at all levels of government.

PL

Podczas Szczytu Ziemi w Rio w 1992 podkreślono konieczność sformułowania wskaźników rozwoju zrównoważonego, które stanowiłyby istotną pomoc dla decydentów na wszystkich szczeblach. W niniejszym artykule, autorzy pokazują, jak skonstruować Holistyczny Krajowy Indeks Zrównoważoności, uwzględniając cztery filary zrównoważonego rozwoju – społeczny, ekonomiczny, ochronę środowiska i infrastrukturę. Badania odnoszą się do 12 azjatyckich krajów rozwijających, gdzie możliwość wprowadzenia rozwoju zrównoważonego będzie w nadchodzących latach kluczowym zagadnieniem. Porównanie krajów stosujących swoje własne indeksy nie miałoby sensu, nie chodzi tu o stany, w których kraje się znajdują w danym momencie, ale o ścieżki, którymi podążają w kierunku zrównoważoności. Mimo ograniczeń i pewnej subiektywności, taki Indeks (z uwzględnieniem jego braków), może być dobrym narzędziem planowania dla decydentów na wszystkich poziomach zarządzania.

14

Necessity and value creation and development industrial park „DNIPRAL”

Cerep A., Cernaev T.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2014

|

z. 73

75--83

UK

Відсутність виробництва алюмінію в Україні є не лише реальною загрозою економічній безпеці України, а й безпосередньо підривають основи національної безпеки. Переважна більшість українських виробників виробів з алюмінію купують і завозять готові заготовки з Австрії, Німеччини, Словаччини, Росії. Все вище зазначене є обґрунтуванням доцільності створення в Україні на території Запорізького регіону індустріального парку «Дніпрал» з виробництва алюмінію та його сплавів.

EN

Lack of aluminum production in Ukraine is not only a real threat to the economic security of Ukraine, but also directly undermine national security. The majority of Ukrainian manufacturers of aluminum and deliver ready to buy blanks from Austria, Germany, Slovakia and Russia. All of the above, is the rationale for the establishment in Ukraine in Zaporizhzhya region industrial park "Dnipral" for the production of aluminum and its alloys.

15

Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania komputerowego modelowania systemów dystrybucji wody

Kruszyński W.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2014

|

nr 3

182--192

PL

W pracy porównano wynik komputerowych symulacji w sześciu sieciach wodociągowych w województwie podlaskim (Łapy, Czarna Białostocka, Choroszcz, Wasilków, Dąbrowa Białostocka, Supraśl). Do badań wybrano układy wodociągowe charakterystyczne dla małych gmin województwa podlaskiego położonych na terenach rolniczo-przemysłowych, mało zróżnicowanych pod względem rzeźby terenu i o zbliżonym zapotrzebowaniu na wodę. Opracowanie danych o funkcjonowaniu sieci wymagało opracowania własnych metod przetwarzania zdobytych informacji o rzeczywistych zużyciach wody. Do odwzorowania układu sieci przewodów z dokładnymi średnicami, długościami i rzędnymi wykorzystano nowoczesne mapy cyfrowe. Symulacje komputerowe przeprowadzono za pomocą programu Epanet.

EN

EU Maintaining proper water flow rate in supply networks (min. 0.5 m/s) prevents the accumulation of deposits on the walls of water pipes. This affects the water quality and operating costs of water supply systems. Too low speeds affect the deterioration of water quality and increase the risk of failure. This significantly increases the cost of water treatment and operation of water supply systems, including troubleshooting. Dynamic model of water supply network is a powerful tool to help observe and regulate the fl ow and pressure of water, it allows taking reasoned decisions regarding the operation, modernization and expansion of the entire water supply system of the city or municipality. Water distribution systems in the earlier years were designed for much greater demand for water. Fire stringent standards that have to comply built aqueducts brought together with a decrease in water demand that the current water supply system of this type are exaggerated. Analysis of the velocity distribution is made to the existing state models surveyed water supply networks showed that in most cables of its values are smaller than the velocity required. This paper presents results of calculation of flow velocity in water networks made using computer modeling of water supply systems.

16

O geometrycznej zwartości budynków w aspekcie czynników ekologiczno-ekonomicznych

Dudzik P., Koźniewski E.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Architektura / Politechnika Śląska

|

2013

|

z. 53

79--87

PL

Niniejsza praca zawiera sformułowanie różnych wskaźników zwartości geometrycznej bryły i analizę 30 przykładowych projektów domów jednorodzinnych. Proponowana analiza, na kanwie sformułowanych wskaźników, może ułatwić projektantowi przyjęcie kompromisu pomiędzy czynnikami architektonicznymi (funkcjonalność, estetyka), budowlanymi (konstrukcja), ekonomicznymi (koszt wzniesienia i eksploatacji obiektu), ekologicznymi (komfort zamieszkania, oszczędność energii).

EN

This paper presents the formulation of various type of indicators of geometric compactness of solids and analysis of the 30 sample projects houses. The proposed analysis (based on indicators drawn up) can help the designer to adopt a compromise between architectural factors (functionality, aesthetics), building (construction), economic (cost of elevation and use facility), environmental (home comfort, energy savings).

17

Computing resource and work allocations using social profiles

Lavin P., Kenny E., Coghlan B.

Computer Science

|

2013

|

Vol. 14 (2)

273--293

EN

If several distributed and disparate computer resources exist, many of which have been created for different and diverse reasons, and several large scale computing challenges also exist with similar diversity in their backgrounds, then one problem which arises in trying to assemble enough of these resources to address such challenges is the need to align and accommodate the different motivations and objectives which may lie behind the existence of both the resources and the challenges. Software agents are offered as a mainstream technology for modelling the types of collaborations and relationships needed to do this. As an initial step towards forming such relationships, agents need a mechanism to consider social and economic backgrounds. This paper explores addressing social and economic differences using a combination of textual descriptions known as social profiles and search engine technology, both of which are integrated into an agent technology.

18

Future prospects of Industrial Ecology as a Set of Tools for Sustainable Development

Venkatesh G.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2012

|

Vol. 7, nr 1

77-80

EN

From thought to action, ideas to implementation… that is the way to go. Industrial ecology as a set of tools and strategies to shape the world of the future and enable it to develop sustainably, needs to adjust and evolve over time. There is often a risk of having to rob Peter to pay Paul which must be minimized. The wheels-within-wheels nature of sustainable development needs to be appreciated and accepted in advance, even if one may agree that it would be difficult to please everyone equally. Something’s gotta give, as they say, for something else to stay. Industrial ecology as a field of education and research is in its teens now, raring to go. In the days to come, even as it entrenches itself as a mature discipline in university campuses across the world, it is vital and extremely necessary to ensure that the links to society, government and industry are strengthened and researchers in this discipline do not become ivory-tower idealists dishing out theories ad infinitum, which do not have any rele-vance to ground realities.

PL

Od myśli do działania, od idei do wdrażania w życie… tak właśnie funkcjonujemy. Ekologia przemysłowa jako zestaw narzędzi i strategii pozwalających kształtować świat przyszłości umożliwiając jego zrównoważony roz-wój dostosowuje się i zmienia w czasie. Zawsze istnieje zagrożenie, że nasz cel będzie realizowany czyimś kosz-tem, co należy zminimalizować. W każdej sytuacji należy jednak zaakceptować ideę rozwoju zrównoważonego w całej swej złożoności, nawet gdy spełnienie w równym stopniu potrzeb wszystkich okaże się problematyczne. Jak głosi popularne powiedzenie: Aby coś osiągnąć, z czegoś trzeba zrezygnować. Ekologia przemysłowa jest wyzwaniem edukacyjnym i polem badań naukowych. To dyscyplina, która dopiero zaczyna się rozwijać. Ważne jest, aby wraz ze wzrostem jej popularności pozostała ona dyscypliną praktyczną, służącą społeczeństwom, władzom i przemysłowi, a także aby uprawiający ją naukowcy nie stali się oderwany-mi od rzeczywistości teoretykami mnożącymi swoje teorie w nieskończoność, zapominając o świecie rzeczywistym.

19

Ecological, economic and social consequences of emergencies on potash mines

Ponomarenko T.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

|

2012

|

nr 2 (6)

28-31

EN

An increase in the marine transportation with growing requirement for electricity by the ships both result in is the increased pollution of the air generated by the ships. This is important for the ports. A comparison among different sources of air pollution produced by the ships in the ports is presented in this article. The estimation of the magnitude of air pollutants emitted by the ships in ports is necessary for the proper economic activity of the port. It also creates the basis to determine the impact of the port work on the environment. The authors present a methodology of calculating emissions from ships at berth in ports.

20

Wpływ wybranych czynników produkcyjno-ekonomicznych na rozwój górskich i nizinnych łąkarskich gospodarstw ekologicznych w latach 2004-2009

Jankowska-Huflejt H., Prokopowicz J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 56, nr 3

158-163

PL

Badania, metodą wywiadu kierowanego, przeprowadzono w latach 2004-2009, w ekologicznych łąkarskich gospodarstwach rolnych - 9 na terenie województw górskich (małopolskie i podkarpackie) oraz 32 na terenie województw nizinnych (kujawsko-pomorskie, lubuskie, mazowieckie, podlaskie, pomorskie, warmińsko-mazurskie, wielkopolskie). Obszar użytków rolnych (UR) w badanych gospodarstwach wynosił w 2009 r. średnio 46,14 ha, wahając się od 3,01 ha do 305,80 ha. Na tle charakterystyki przyrodniczo-rolniczej i ekonomicznej przedstawiono wyniki produkcyjne (plony, obsada zwierząt) i ekonomiczne (standardowa nadwyżka bezpośrednia na ha UR i na osobę pełno zatrudnioną). Postawiono hipotezę, że w ekologicznych łąkarskich gospodarstwach górskich możliwa jest produkcja zdrowej żywności dopuszczalna przyrodniczo (ekologicznie), akceptowana społecznie i efektywna ekonomicznie. Badano czynniki: obszar UR, obsadę krów, mleczność krów i wartość środków trwałych w zł/ha UR. Stwierdzono niski i średni poziom zainwestowania gospodarstw w środki trwałe oraz względnie niski poziom kosztów bezpośrednich produkcji roślinnej i zwierzęcej. Przychody z produkcji rolniczej w badanych gospodarstwach górskich były średniej i niskiej wartości, wyższe z produkcji zwierzęcej (bydło i owce) niż roślinnej. Nadwyżka bezpośrednia zarówno na ha UR, jak i na osobę pełno zatrudnioną ukształtowała się na średnim i niskim poziomie w stosunku do ogółu gospodarstw w kraju. Ogólnie koszty produkcji rolniczej w badanych gospodarstwach ekologicznych nie zawsze były rekompensowane dochodami z produkcji ekologicznej. Rekompensowały je dopiero subwencje UE i Państwa Polskiego. Stwierdzono, że w obu badanych grupach łąkarskich gospodarstw ekologicznych (górskich i nizinnych) możliwa jest efektywna ekonomicznie produkcja "jakościowej żywności" - pod warunkiem określonego poziomu dopłat.

EN

Studies performed with the method of steered interview were carried out in 2004-2009, in grassland-based organic farms, in 9 mountain voivodships (małopolskie i podkarpackie) and 32 farms in lowland voivodships (kujawsko-pomorskie, lubuskie, mazowieckie, podlaskie, pomorskie, warmińsko-mazurskie, wielkopolskie). The mean agricultural area (AA) in the studied farms in 2009 was 46,14 ha, ranging from 3,01 ha to 305,80 ha. On the background of environmental, agricultural and economic characteristic production results (yields, livestock number) and economic data (standard grass margin per ha of AA and per full-time worker) were presented. It was constructed a hypothesis, that in mountain grassland-based organic farms is possible to produce a healthy food environmentally (ecologically) and socially accepted and economically effective. Analyzed factors included the agricultural area (AA), cow stock, milk efficiency, farmers' age and the value of fixed asses in zł/ha AA. Low to medium levels of investment in fixed assets and relatively low level of direct costs of plant and animal production was noted. Incomes from agricultural production in studied mountain farms were medium and low, higher from livestock (cattle and sheep) than from crop production. Gross margin both per ha AA and per person was medium to low compared to all farms of the country. Generally the costs of agriculture activity in examined organic farms were not always compensated by incomes from organic production. It were strongly supported by Polish and UE subsidies. It was stated that in both groups of studied organic grassland-based farms (mountain and low-land) economically effective production of "quality food" is possible - under the condition of the specific level of extra subsidies.