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1
Content available remote A new methodology for the determination of linear welding energy
Macherzyński Michał, Słania Jacek, Wojsyk Kwiryn
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
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2023
|
Vol. 67, No. 1
50--56
EN
The article presents a new methodology enabling the determination of linear welding energy as well as discusses inaccuracy-related issues accompanying the calculation of the aforesaid energy using a commonly applied formula. In addition, the article describes the correlation between the cross-sectional fusion area and energy used to melt the base material and the filler metal. The article also discusses the determination of a coefficient applied successfully in the new methodology and presents its practical application, including the possibility of identifying the heat input also in highly problematic or entirely unquantifiable cases.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano nową metodykę wyznaczania energii liniowej spawania. Przedstawiono problem niedokładności obliczania energii liniowej spawania według powszechnie używanego wzoru. Opisano zależność pomiędzy poprzecznym polem powierzchni wtopienia a energią zużytą do przetopienia materiału rodzimego oraz materiału dodatkowego do spawania, co doprowadziło do wyznaczenia współczynnika, który z powodzeniem został zastosowany w nowej metodyce. W artykule zawarto praktyczne zastosowanie nowej metodyki wyznaczania energii liniowej spawania, która pozwala na wyznaczenie ilości ciepła doprowadzonego również dla przypadków będących dotąd bardzo problematycznymi lub zupełnie niewyznaczalnymi.
2
Content available remote The effect of the TIG method-based melting of welds on the properties and the structure of welded joints made of austenitic steel
Cyprian Tyszko, Jacek Górka
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
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2022
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Vol. 66, No. 1
43--49
EN
The article discusses the effect of TIG method-based melting on the properties and the structure of welded joints made of austenitic steel AISI 304. The tests involved the making of 2 mm thick joints and their subsequent melting in two different ways, i.e. with maintaining interpass temperature and immediately after welding. The study also included the performance of mechanical tests, macro and microscopic metallographic tests as well as hardness and corrosion resistance tests. Results obtained in the tests justified the conclusion that the melting process and its conditions significantly affect the properties and the structure of welded joints.
PL
W niniejszym artykule zbadano wpływ przetapiania spoiny metodą TIG na własności oraz strukturę złączy spawanych stali austenitycznej X5CrNi18-10. W tym celu wykonano złącza próbne blach o grubości 2 mm, a następnie poddano je przetopieniu na dwa różne sposoby, tj. z zachowaniem temperatury międzyściegowej oraz bezpośrednio po spawaniu. Następnie przeprowadzono badania wytrzymałościowe, metalograficzne makro- i mikroskopowe, pomiary twardości oraz badania odporności korozyjnej. Na ich podstawie oceniono, że przetopienie oraz jego warunki w znacznym stopniu wpływają na własności i strukturę złącza spawanego.
3
Content available remote Determination of Linear Welding Energy by Measuring Cross-Sectional Areas of Welds
Macherzyński M., Wojsyk K.
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
|
2016
|
Vol. 60, No. 5
83--89
PL
Praca zawiera propozycję oceny ilości ciepła wprowadzanego do materiałów metodą pomiaru pola poprzecznego przetopionych objętości podczas spawania lub napawania. Opisano współczesne próby szacowania energii liniowej przez montaż watomierzy w zasilaczach łuku oraz jej powiązanie z wymiarami liniowymi spoin. Uzasadniono konieczność zmiany podejścia do sposobu obliczania energii liniowej rozwojem metod spawania i wprowadzania nowych, wrażliwych na działanie ciepła materiałów. Wprowadzanie licznych impulsowych i hybrydowych (z udziałem lasera) metod spawania powoduje, że obliczanie w sposób konwencjonalny energii liniowej staje się dyskusyjne, co zilustrowano przykładami. Zaproponowano sposób obliczania wkładu ciepła podczas spawania punktowego.
EN
The article proposes the method of estimating heat input to materials by measuring the cross-sectional area of volumes melted during fusion or pres¬sure welding. In addition, the article describes methods presently used to esti¬mate linear energy involving the fixing of wattmeters to arc power sources and referring this energy to the linear dimensions of welds. The article justifies the necessity of changing the approach to methods of calculating linear energy by the development of new welding methods and the launching of new materials sensitive to heat. The introduction of numerous impulse and hybrid (laser-based) welding methods contests the conventional methods of linear energy calcula¬tion (illustrated by examples). The article proposes a manner of calculating heat input during spot welding.
4
Content available The Properties of High Chromium Hardfacings Made with Using Pulsed Arc
Gucwa M., Winczek J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2015
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Vol. 15, iss. 1 spec.
37--40
EN
The paper discusses the possibility of using pulsed arc hardfacing for depositing high chromium and carbon surfaces. In these studies self-shielded cored wire was used as a material for hardfacing. Pulsed arc is used in welding technologies to better control of transport molten metal in the welding arc and heat input. The correct heat input results in limited dilution surfaces that is very important in wear prevention technologies. The paper presents the results of research on the geometric parameters and hardness of deposited surfaces. The investigation was carried out with various welding parameters that were designed in heat source. The survey was conducted on the specimens that were subjected to metallographic examination hardness test.
5
Content available The Effect of Heat Input on the Geometric Properties of Welded Joints
Gucwa M., Bęczkowski R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2014
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Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.
127--130
EN
The paper discusses the effect of the heat input in the case of welding with solid and cored wire, respectively to the quality of the obtained joints. Formulas used for this purpose do not allow for the form of the filler, which, in the authors' opinion, has an effect on the basic parameters characterizing the welded joint. The paper presents the results of research on the geometric sizes of a joint made with a similar heat input, but using the filler in the form of, respectively, solid and cored wire. Investigations were carried out on fillet-weld joints that were subjected to macroscopic metallographic examinations. Studies have shown that the heat input given without allowing for the form of the filler does not reflect the changes that occur in the welded joint due to the thermal welding cycle.
6
Content available remote The effect of heat input on residual stress distribution of steel welds measured by neutron diffraction
Paradowska A. M., Price J. W. H., Ibrahim R., Finlayson T. R.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2006
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Vol. 17, nr 1-2
385--388
EN
Purpose: of this paper is to investigate the effect of increase in the value of heat input due to change in the welding speed and its influence on residual stress distribution in steel weldments. Design/methodology/approach: The use of the neutron diffraction (ND) technique for residual stress measurements is described. Fully restrained, single-bead-on-plate specimens have been examined. Detailed measurements within a small gauge volume were taken 1.5 mm below the surface, across the sample. In addition, studies of macrostructure and hardness were conducted. Findings: Residual stresses in restrained welds and weld repairs are very complex. The heat input affects the value and distribution of residual stress in the specimen. This peak stress in all three samples occurred not at the toe, but in the middle of the weld bead, where the yield stress is higher. The transverse residual stresses of around half the maximum value of longitudinal stress have been observed. Research limitations/implications: Measurements of residual stress can be very expensive and time consuming. The ND technique is capable of non-destructive investigation in a relatively small gauge volume in depth of the material. However, a number of important issues still remain puzzling, including the uncertainties in the measurement, reliability and interpretation of the results, particularly in regards to the sampling volume and generally in the lack of an engineering standard procedure. The results may be used to calibrate finite element modelling of the welding process. Practical implications: The findings have important consequences with respect to design of welding procedures and fitness-for-purpose assessments. Originality/value: The authors have used ND assessment of residual stresses to follow in detail the changes due to heat input in a small gauge volume. This paper could be an interesting source of information for engineers and researchers who work with welded structures
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