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1

Microplastics abundance in domestic wastewater as a pollutant source for the Daroy River, Indonesia

Fauzi Mhd., Soewondo Prayatni, Darnas Yeggi, Handajani Marisa, Tedjakusuma Teddy, Nizar Muhammad, Muna Cut R., Nur Ansiha

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2023

|

no. 59

118--125

EN

Domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia is directly discharged to the Daroy River without any treatment process. Domestic wastewater from Gampong Garot has been one of the contributors to microplastics contamination in the Daroy River. The microplastics (MPs) contained in domestic wastewater might come from used soaps and detergent products, as well as the scouring of clothes during washing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abundance of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot. The sampling points were determined based on purposive sampling, with samples taken at the end of the main pipe that directly leads to the Daroy River. Organics in domestic wastewater were removed using 30% H2O2 liquid through a digestion process at a temperature of 75°C. MPs characteristics such as size, shape, and colour were visually analysed using a light binocular microscope at 100× magnification, while the polymer type was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The concentration of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot was 30.238 ±1.228 particles∙(100 cm)-3 sample. The most common sizes of MPs were found to be in the range of 1,001-5,000 μm, while the dominant colour and shape were transparent and fibre-like. Polyester (PES) was the most detected type of MPs. These findings highlight the need for wastewater treatment before discharge into aquatic bodies.

2

Treatment of Domestic Wastewater on Fixed-Bed Reactor Using Plastic Supporting Media – A Review

Fauzi Mhd., Soewondo Prayatni, Nur Ansiha

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

276--281

EN

Biofilm processes are increasingly being recognized for the removal of organics and nutrients in domestic wastewater treatment. One system that is often used is the Fixed-Bed Reactor (FBR). This review aimed to analyze wastewater treatment using anoxic-aerobic FBR system with various supporting media. The method used was the descriptive analysis of articles obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Springer. The results of the review showed that wastewater treatment with a growth system is able to remove organics and nutrients quite high. The types of polymers used as supporting media for attaching biofilms consisted of PET, PS, HDPE, and LDPE. However, when viewed from the removal efficiency, the supporting media with polymers is superior to PET compared to other types. This is because PET has hydrophobic physicochemical properties which have good adhesion in the initial attachment of microorganisms. In addition, this type of PS polymer also has fairly high organic and nutrient removal efficiency, similarly to other types of polymers such as HDPE, and LDPE.

3

Optimization of Slow Sand Filtration for the Raw Municipal Wastewater Treatment by Using the Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa) Shell as an Alternative Filter Media through the Response Surface Methodology

Fitriani Nurina, Ni'matuzahroh, O'Marga Timothy Tjahja Nugraha, Radin Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira, Wahyudianto Febri Eko, Imron Muhammad Fauzul, Isnadina Dwi Ratri Mitha, Soedjono Eddy Setiadi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 6

100--111

EN

This research aimed to investigate the optimum conditions of slow sand filter (SSF) media modification by using ground Anadara granosa shell waste and the effect of the ripening period on the total coliform (TC) removal efficiency. The response surface methodology with the central composite design was conducted with three factors, namely, seeding time (2–3 weeks), running time (0–20 days), type of SSF media (i.e., river sand, A. granosa shell, and their combination), as independent variables. The results showed that the ripening period factor interacted insignificantly by improving the TC removal efficiency due to short ripening time (p > 0.05). The optimum conditions of the SSF to achieve maximum TC removal efficiency (99.70 ± 21.50%) were as follows: combination media of river sand and ground A. granosa shell waste, 2.8 weeks (20 days) of ripening period, and 20 days of operation. In conclusion, the optimum operating parameters of the slow sand filter revealed that the combination of river sand and A. granosa shell as well as prolonged ripening and running times could increase the removal efficiency of TC. Hence, the A. granosa shell has good application potential as filter media to remove TC from the municipal wastewater.

4

Estimation of Per Capita Loading and Treated Wastewater Quality Index in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

Aboulfotoh Ahmed, Heikal Ghada

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 5

73--80

EN

Monthly reports from June 2017 to May 2018 of Twenty-one wastewater treatment plants in Sharkia were evaluated for the following parameters: temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3), oil and grease (O&G) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) values. The first aim of this study was to estimate the main wastewater per capita pollution generation per day (PCPL) and found that the 90th percentile PCPL for TSS, COD, BOD, NO3 and O&G were equal to 57.42, 91.59, 59.13, 1.64 and 12.39 (g/capita/day) respectively. The second aim was to assess the performance of the WWTPs in the governorate, by calculating of the wastewater quality index (WWQI) of each plant and for the entire governorate which shows that; 2 WWTPs gives a good performance, 9 WWTPs gives a fair performance, 9 WWTPs gives a marginal performance and 1 WWTP is in bad conditions, the average performance all over the governorate is considered marginal. A simple empirical formula had been established to be used for calculation of the WWQI based on the tested parameters using the multiple linear regression and found to be very effective in predicting the WWQI for the WWTPs.

5

Analysis of the Composition of Municipal Wastewater Sludge from Small Settlements in East Kazakhstan

Litvinov Vadim, Daumova Gulzhan, Shaikhov Maksat, Sergeyeva Natalya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

105--112

EN

One of the greatest environmental problems of modern countries is the pollution of territories with waste. Of particular concern are the wastes generated during the treatment of municipal wastewater, i.e. sewage sludge. They are the inevitable price of urbanization and improved quality of life. As a result of the research conducted, a comprehensive analysis of the composition of municipal sewage sludge was conducted using the example of four small settlements in East Kazakhstan. The results of laboratory studies established the composition of the organic part, biogenic elements, as well as microbiological and parasitological indicators. It was revealed that cadmium, copper, zinc and arsenic are main sources of problems in wastewater treatment plant sludge. For copper and zinc, the standards set by the European Directive 86/278/EEC were exceeded by up to 3.2 and 1.5 times, respectively. At the same time, there is an increased content of nutrients. Organic matter in all studied samples exceeds the minimum established values by 3.5–3.7 times; the potassium content in all studied samples is 5.1–5.6 times higher than the minimum established value for organomineral fertilizers in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) corresponds to neutral. Tests for the determination of microbiological and parasitological parameters indicate that the studied sludge does not contain various pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms.

6

Efficiency of Filters Filled with Rockfos for Phosphorus Removal from Domestic Sewage

Pytka-Woszczyło Aneta, Różańska-Boczula Monika, Gizińska-Górna Magdalena, Marzec Michał, Listosz Agnieszka, Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 4

176--188

EN

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of filters filled with Rockfos for removal of phosphorus (Total-P) from domestic wastewater using, Rockfos is a material obtained by calcination of carbonate-silica rock (opoka) at a temperature of 900 °C. A field study was conducted in two filters with volumes of 2.0 and 0.8 m3 which were components of hybrid constructed wetlands with an average capacity of 2.0 m3/L, located in two national parks in south eastern Poland. Samples of the influent to and the effluent from the filters were analyzed for Total-P concentrations and pH. Eighty sewage samples were tested over a five year study period. It was shown that the test filters removed Total-P with an average efficiency of 31.5% and 30.2% and that they could be successfully used to remove P from domestic wastewater in small wastewater treatment plants.

7

Ocena agresywności środowiska w zamkniętych żelbetowych obiektach gospodarki ściekowej

Szczepański Tomasz, Halicka Anna

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2021

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R. 92, nr 3

16--22

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy czynników agresywnych w stosunku do betonu w zamkniętych obiektach gospodarki ściekowej na przykładzie czterech różnych grup obiektów zlokalizowanych w różnych regionach Polski. Na podstawie analiz chemicznych ścieków, ich osadów i skroplin na ścianach i stropach oraz atmosfery ponad ściekami, a także oceny stanu powierzchniowych warstw betonu i zbrojenia, sformułowano wnioski dotyczące agresywności środowiska panującego w komorach oraz wytycznych do projektowania ochrony przeciwkorozyjnej takich obiektów.

EN

In the paper the analysis of agents aggressive to concrete in the covered reinforced concrete chambers and channels for sewage disposal. The examples of four different objects localized in different part of Poland are presented. On the basis of chemical tests of sewage, their sludge and condensate on the walls and covers, the air above the sewage as well as the assessment of the surface of concrete, the conclusions are formulated concerning the aggressiveness in such objects and the recommendations for their anticorrosive protection.

8

Effectiveness of Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor Technology to Treat Domestic Wastewater in Basrah City

Al-Rekabi Wisam S., Al-Khafaji Samar A., Hassan Ayman H., Janna Hussein

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

234--242

EN

The efficiency of a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) for domestic wastewater treatment in Basrah was assessed. The experiments were carried out via a laboratory-scale SBBR cylindrical vessel used for this study, with geometric volume of 26 L, having an internal diameter of 15 cm, a height of 40 cm, and a working volume of 13 L. After a one-month start-up cycle for biofilm growth on the fibrous filler, the SBBR research test period lasted two months. The SBBR was run for three weeks to ensure that the biological treatment systems were mature and those steady-state requirements were reached, throughout the starting-up phase of operation, the removal efficiency for COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP were 95%, 89%, 85%, and 93% respectively. The impact of aeration time on the SBBR efficiency was also tested by removal of COD, ammonia, total nitrogen TN, and total phosphorous TP under different levels of dissolved oxygen DO (2.0 – 6.8) mg\L. The SBBR method proved to be an effective method for treating domestic wastewater in Basrah city. The COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP concentrations in the effluent were 42, 6.7, 9.0, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively, with the removal efficiency rates of 90.32 %, 86.24 %, 84.75 %, and 84.38 %. When comparing the SBBR effluent value to the WHO, European, Iraqi, and Chinese discharge standards, it was observed that the COD concentration (42 mg/L) met these standards. while ammonia (6.7 mg/L), TN (9.0 mg/L), and TP (1.0 mg/L) met the WHO, European, and Chinese standard only.

9

Effectiveness of Dairy and Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Technological Reliability of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Michów, Poland

Zawadzka Beata, Siwiec Tadeusz, Marzec Michał

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 10

141--151

EN

The study aimed to assess the operation of the mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plant in Michów (Poland) in terms of the effectiveness of removing contaminants from mixed wastewater (dairy and domestic) and technological reliability. The wastewater treatment plant is owned by the Dairy Cooperative “Michowianka”. It is intended to treat mixed sewage, consisting of technological and sanitary sewage as well as part of rainwater from the plant, domestic wastewater supplied by a sewerage system from Michów, and wastewater delivered from septic tanks. In 2017 and in the first quarter of 2018, the permeate from the whey thickening process was also sent to the treatment plant. The period 2017-2021 was covered by the analysis. The analysis included the indicators from the fundamental group (TSS, BOD5, COD), biogenic indices (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen). The applied technology ensured the removal of total suspended solids, BOD5, and COD at the level of over 96%. Total phosphorus was removed with an average efficiency of 91%. Slightly lower effects were found in the elimination of total nitrogen – 78.5% on average, while the ammonium nitrogen removal rate was 88% on average. Due to the high efficiency of the facility, the values of the standard contamination indicators at the outflow, as a rule, met the requirements specified in the water permit. The technological reliability of the wastewater treatment plant in Michów, determined by the Weibull method, was at a high level, usually exceeding 90%. The reliability analysis shows that the facility in Michów has a high capacity to treat wastewater to the extent required for the wastewater receiver, and that the treated wastewater discharge does not cause negative changes in the environment. It indicates a high probability of obtaining the wastewater quality at the outflow from the treatment plant meeting the water permit requirements.

10

Development of the Scheme of the Installation for Mechanical Wastewater Treatment

Sevostianov Ivan V., Ivanchuk Yaroslav V., Polishchuk Oleksandr V., Lutsyk Vladyslav L., Dobrovolska Kateryna V., Smailova Saule, Wójcik Waldemar, Kalizhanova Aliya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

20--28

EN

The paper presents the schemes of various equipment for the mechanical treatment of the industrial and domestic wastewater, which allows removing it from the main part of the pollution. An examination of the shortcomings of the known equipment with the aim of its improvement was conducted. As a result, an installation scheme for continuous high-performance mechanical wastewater treatment was proposed. In contrast to the known equipment, the proposed installation provides a three-staged treatment of wastewater with the help of the two pairs of gratings – for preliminary treatment (removal of large-size pollutions) and by filtration through the two metallic sieves – for normal and fine treatment (removal of small-size mechanical pollutions). The installation consists of highly-efficient appliances for the cleaning of filtering elements in the course of realization of the working process, which provides stable high productivity of treatment. The installation has simple reliable design and low energy expenses. The paper contains the formulas for determining of main operational parameters of the installation: the change of the cross-sectional area of the filtering elements and productivity of the working process, periodicity of cleaning of gratings and sieves, the necessary electric power of installations drives. These formulas can be a basis for further research of installation and for elaboration of a method of its design calculation.

11

An Approach to Estimate Dye Concentration of Domestic Washing Machine Wastewater

İlkiz Başak Arslan, Beceren Yeşim İridağ, Candan Cevza

Autex Research Journal

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2021

|

Vol. 21, no. 2

172--181

EN

This article focuses on developing a methodology which can be used to estimate the concentration of dyestuff released from textiles during domestic laundering, so that further studies involving decolorization of the wastewater from domestic washing machine can be conducted in an attempt to develop eco-friendly domestic washing processes. Due to the complexity of the problem, an approach was adopted so that, as an initial step, synthetic red and blue reactive dye solutions were prepared as representative wastewater solutions using Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Blue 19 dyestuffs for the estimation of dye concentration. This was followed by an experimental work consisting of washing tests involving the calculation of dye concentration in the wastewater obtained from domestic washing machine as well as tergotometer as a machine simulator. For this part of the work, dyed cotton plain jersey fabric samples were used to obtain wastewater solutions. All the dye solutions and the wastewater samples were measured with VIS spectrophotometer, and the maximum absorbance values were obtained at relevant wavelengths. Although the characteristics of absorbance spectra of synthetic and wastewater solutions were very different, the maximum absorbance values of both solutions overlapped at relevant wavelengths. The concentration of the dyestuff was calculated from the absorbance values measured at 540 and 592 nm for the red and blue, respectively. The statistical analysis of the data suggested that tergotometer can be used as a domestic washing machine simulator. Moreover, the regression analysis done for the dyestuff concentration under discussion revealed that the most significant factor was the washing step (main wash or rinsing) (89.5%) followed by color (red or blue) (3.4%) and washing device (washing machine or tergotometer) (1.5%).

12

Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater by Electrocoagulation: Application of Multilevel Factorial Design

Aguilar-Ascon Edwar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 7

124--133

EN

The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of electrocoagulation in eliminating nitrogen and phosphorous from domestic wastewater and to determine the main operating parameters affecting the process. Accordingly, an acrylic reactor and aluminum (cathode) and iron (anode) electrodes were used. The tests were performed based on a multilevel factorial experimental design, considering current intensity, treatment time, and pH as factors. The design response variables were the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorous removal. In the case of phosphorus, the removal rates of up to 99% were reached after 40 minutes of treatment with current intensities of 3 amps and at a modified pH of 6. The nitrogen removal was up to 27% with a treatment time of 40 minutes, 3 amps, and a pH of 6. A statistical analysis revealed that pH did not have a significant effect on the nitrogen removal process, whereas in the phosphorus removal, the three factors influenced the process at a confidence level of 0.05. The results indicate that the electrocoagulation process in this type of water is very efficient in the removal of phosphorus, whereas for nitrogen, the efficiency decreases noticeably. However, electrocoagulation has an advantage over other conventional treatment technologies, because it does not require additional treatment units to remove phosphorus.

13

Efficiency of Pollution Removal in Preliminary Settling Tanks of Household Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Roztocze National Park

Micek Agnieszka, Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof, Marzec Michał, Listosz Agnieszka, Malik Arkadiusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 5

9--18

EN

The paper presents an evaluation of the pollutant removal efficiencies of four primary settling tanks that were components of on-site domestic wastewater treatment plants located in the Roztocze National Park in Poland. We studied two four-chamber settling tanks which were elements of the technological lines of activated sludge treatment plants, and two threechamber settling tanks which provided primary treatment in hybrid constructed wetlands. The tests were conducted in the years 2017–2019. During this period, wastewater samples for analysis were collected from the first chamber (raw wastewater) and the last chamber (primary settled wastewater) of each settling tank. We tested the following pollution parameters: total suspended solids (TSS), BOD5, COD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The following mean pollutant removal efficiencies were obtained for the four-chamber settling tanks: TSS – 68.3%, BOD5 – 50.4%, and COD – 49.5%; the three-chamber settling tanks were much less efficient at reducing those pollution parameters: 50.9%, 17.0%, and 2.3%, respectively. Neither the three-chamber nor the four-chamber settling tanks ensured effective elimination of biogenic compounds. In most cases, the concentrations of TN and TP in primary settled wastewater were higher compared to raw sewage, which means that these elements were being released from sewage sludge during treatment. Despite this finding, the study shows that a primary settling tank should be used as a basic component of any domestic wastewater treatment plant, as it ensures a considerable reduction in TSS and organic matter.

14

Design of a Reed Bed System for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater using Native Plants

Al-Ajalin Fayeq Abdel Hafez, Idris Mushrifah, Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh, Kurniawan Setyo Budi, Imron Muhammad Fauzul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 6

22--28

EN

The reed bed system is one types of phytoremediation technology for removing pollutants from the environment. This technology provides an environmentally friendly approach to treating contamination with competitive cost, compared to the physico-chemical treatment. The design of reed bed system is highly important in order to achieve the highest pollutant removal efficiency. The design of reed bed system affects the natural oxygen transfer from the environment. The reed bed system was proven to have a good efficiency in removing Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Nitrogen (TN) and a number of bacteria. In addition to the oxygen transfer from the environment, the interaction among pollutant-plants-medium-microbes also plays a vital role in the removal of pollutant using the reed bed system. It was suggested that the future related research should accommodate the importance of several environmental conditions to the interaction between pollutant, plants, medium and microbes as well as the impact of those interactions on the pollutant removal efficiency.

15

Removal of Escherichia coli from Domestic Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation

Aguilar-Ascon Edwar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 5

42--51

EN

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of electrocoagulation in the removal of Escherichia coli from domestic and urban wastewaters and to determine the effects of the main operational parameters on the process. An electrocoagulation reactor with aluminum and iron electrodes was built for this purpose. A factorial design was applied, where amperage, treatment time, and pH were considered as the factors and E. coli percent removal was the response variable. After 20 min of treatment, >97% removal efficiency was achieved. The highest E. coli removal efficiency achieved was 99.9% at a neutral pH of 7, amperage of 3 A, and treatment time of 60 min. However, the removal efficiency of close to 99% was also achieved at natural wastewater pH of 8.5. The statistical analyses showed that the three tested factors significantly affected the E. coli removal percentage (p < 0.05). These results indicate that electrocoagulation has a high disinfection power in a primary reactor in removing water contaminants as well as simultaneously removing pathogenic microorganisms when compared to biological treatment processes. This represents an additional benefit, because it will considerably reduce the use of chlorine during the final disinfection stage.

16

Effect of selected factors on the removal of organic matter in a model of moving bed biofilm reactor

Śliz Paulina, Bugajski Piotr, Kurek Karolina

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

|

Vol. 45, no. 3

64--71

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of selected factors on the reduction of organic pollutants, expressed in BOD5 and CODCr, in wastewater treated in a laboratory scale model of moving bed biofi lm reactor (MBBR). The factors included in the experiment: the degree of fi lling the fluidized bed with biomass carriers, hydraulic load, and aeration intensity. The tested model of the bioreactor consisted of five independent chambers with diameter D = 0.14 m and height H = 2.0 m, which were fi lled with biomass carriers at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 70% of their active volume. During the test period, hydraulic loads at the level of Qh1 = 0.073 m3·m-2·h-1 and Qh2 = 0.073 m3·m-2·h-1were applied, which ensured one-day and two-day sewage retention, respectively. The said reactors were subjected to constant aeration at P1 = 3.0 dm3·min-1 and P2 = 5.0 dm3·min-1. The highest efficiency of the reduction of the analysed indicators was demonstrated by reactors filled with carriers in the degree of 40–60%. Based on the statistical analyses (the analyses of the ANOVA variations and the Kruskal-Wallis test) carried out, it was found that the studied factors significantly modified the mutual interaction in the process of reducing BOD5 in treated wastewater of the reactors tested. The significance of the impact of the discussed factors on the values of the studied indicators in treated wastewater depends on mutual interactions between the investigated factors.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu wybranych czynników na zmniejszenie zanieczyszczeń organicznych, wyrażonych wskaźnikami BZT5 i ChZTCr, w ściekach oczyszczanych w modelu reaktora przypływowego ze złożem ruchomym typu MBBR. Czynniki, które uwzględniono w eksperymencie to: stopień wypełnienia złoża nośnikami biomasy, obciążenie hydrauliczne oraz intensywność napowietrzania. Badany model bioreaktora stanowił pięć niezależnych komór o średnicy D = 0,14 m i wysokości H = 2,0 m, które były wypełnione nośnikami biomasy w stopniu: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 70% ich objętości czynnej. W okresie badań zastosowano obciążenia hydrauliczne na poziomie Qh1 = 0,073 m3·m-2·h-1 oraz Qh2 = 0,073 m3·m-2·h-1, co zapewniało odpowiednio jednodobowe oraz dwudobowe zatrzymanie ścieków. Przedmiotowe reaktory poddawane były stałemu napowietrzaniu na poziomie P1 = 3,0 dm,3min-1 oraz P1 = 3,0 dm3min-1 = 5,0 dm3·min-1. Największą skuteczność redukcji analizowanych wskaźników wykazywały reaktory wypełnione kształtkami w stopniu 40–60%. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz statystycznych (analiza wariacji ANOVA oraz test Kruskala-Wallisa) stwierdzono, iż badane czynniki istotnie modyfikowały wzajemne oddziaływanie na siebie w procesie zmniejszania BZT5 w ściekach oczyszczonych badanych. Istotność wpływu omawianych czynników na wartości badanych wskaźników w ściekach oczyszczonych, zależy od wzajemnych interakcji między badanymi czynnikami.

17

Wpływ wybranych miąższości filtrów piaskowych o przepływie pionowym na jakość oczyszczonych ścieków bytowych

Dacewicz E., Kaczor G., Bugajski P.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2018

|

Tom 20, cz. 2

1546--1563

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ miąższości warstwy filtracyjnej w filtrze piaskowym o przepływie pionowym na jakość oczyszczonych ścieków bytowych. Miąższość warstw w poszczególnych kolumnach wyniosła 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm oraz 90 cm. Badania efektywności usuwania związków organicznych oraz zawiesiny ogólnej wykonywano w warunkach zwiększającego się obciążenia hydraulicznego w zakresie od 20 dm3.m-2.d-1 do 80 dm3.m-2.d-1. Stwierdzono, że oczyszczanie ścieków bytowych w filtrze piaskowym o wysokości warstwy filtracyjnej 15 cm pozwoliło na uzyskanie bardzo niskich wartości BZT5 (średnio 8,7 mg O2.dm-3). Skuteczność zmniejszenia BZT5 w tym filtrze ukształtowała się na poziomie 96,4%. W przypadku ChZTCr zauważono wraz ze zmniejszaniem się wysokości złoża filtracyjnego wyraźny wzrost jego średniej wartości od 54,7 mg O2.dm-3do 175,9 mg O2.dm-3. Dla miąższości warstwy filtracyjnej równej 90 cm średnie usunięcie ChZTCr wyniosło 85,5%, natomiast zastosowanie złoża o miąższości 15 cm pozwoliło na średnie zmniejszenie ChZTCr o ponad 53%. Zawiesina ogólna była usuwana w zakresie od 25,7 mg. dm-3 do 29,6 mg. dm-3 niezależnie od wysokości złoża filtracyjnego. Średnia skuteczność zmniejszenia tego wskaźnika wyniosła 72,9%.

EN

The paper presents the influence of the thickness of the filtration layer in the vertical flow sand filter on the quality of treated domestic wastewater. The thickness of the layers in individual columns was 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm. Studies on the removal efficiency of organic compounds and total suspended solids were carried out in the conditions of increasing hydraulic load within the range from 20 dm-3.m-2.d-1 to 80 dm-3.m-2.d-1. It was found that the treatment of domestic sewage in the sand filter with the height of filtration layer of 15 cm, allowed to obtain very low BOD5 (on average 8.7 mg O2.dm-3). The efficiency of reducing BOD5 in this filter was at the level of 96.4%. In the case of CODCr, a significant increase in its mean value – from 54.7 mg O2.dm-3to 175.9 mg O2.dm-3– was observed with the decreased height of the filter bed. For the thickness of the filtration layer equal to 90 cm, the average removal of CODCr was 85.5%, whereas the use of 15 cm thick filtration bed allowed for an average reduction of CODCr by over 53%. The total suspended solids were removed in the range from 25.7 mg. dm-3 to 29.6 mg. dm-3 regardless of the height of the filter bed. The mean reduction effectiveness of this indicator was 72.9%.

18

Study on the Influence of Selected Technological Parameters of a Rotating Biological Contactor on the Degree of Liquid Aeration

Szulżyk-Cieplak J., Tarnogórska A., Lenik Z.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 6

247--253

EN

The subject of the research involves a rotating biological contractor with a bi-directional longitudinal flow as an element of a synchronized system of disposal and biological treatment of domestic wastewater in small-bore sewerage. The rotor design is based on a system of corrugated protective pipes, arranged in coils wound around its rotation axis. The pipes are wound in a way that enables a bi-directional flow of liquids. During the rotor rotation in wastewater, the contactor is simultaneously emptied and filled with wastewater. The role of corrugated protective pipes is twofold; on the one hand, they constitute a surface for the biofilm development and on the other, they enable the flow of liquids, thus ensuring its aeration. The contactor design aims to achieve intensive aeration of transported wastewater, which will allow for greater development of microorganism populations participating in hybrid wastewater treatment, i.e. the methods involving activated sludge and trickling filter. An analysis on the influence of rotor operation kinematics on the efficiency of liquid aeration was conducted. The aeration capacity for variable rotational speed (0.7 rpm, 1.5 rpm, 2.0 rpm, 3.0 rpm) and direction of the contactor rotating element were calculated. In the considered case, oxygen transfer coefficient KLa was within the range of 0.011÷0.023 1/min. The obtained results indicate a clear connection between the system kinematics and the degree of liquid aeration in the contactor.

19

Modelling of carbon and nitrogen compounds removal from domestic wastewater in a modernized biological reactor

Makowska M., Jadanowski S., Tränckner J.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 4

69--83

EN

Upgrading concepts for the Bioblok MU200a wastewater treatment plant have been presented. The main goals were to achieve an effective nitrogen removal and reduce energy demand. The reference version has been presented, followed by two retrofitting options: introduction of intermittent aeration for alternating aerobic and anoxic conditions, additionally including a retrofitting option to a hybrid technology that combines advantages of activated sludge and biofilm. To design and assess both variants, the ASM3 model was used, running on the Simba# simulator. A rather complex biofilm model, necessary for the hybrid concept, was bypassed by installing a separate activated sludge process differing in terms of sludge age and disposal of its excess sludge to the reactor. In this way, favorable technological parameters for efficient wastewater treatment could be assessed. Both upgrading concepts can be recommended for their satisfactory treatment effectiveness, feasibility in existing plants and considerable energy savings. The significance of the modelled effects was statistically confirmed two-tailed Student’s t-test.

20

Optimization of induced crystallization reaction in a novel process of nutrients removal coupled with phosphorus recovery from domestic wastewater

Zou H., Wang Y.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

33--38

EN

Phosphorus removal and recovery from domestic wastewater is urgent nowadays. A novel process of nutrients removal coupled with phosphorus recovery from domestic sewage was proposed and optimization of induced crystallization reaction was performed in this study. The results showed that 92.3% of phosphorus recovery via induced Hydroxyapatite crystallization was achieved at the optimum process parameters: reaction time of 80 min, seed crystal loads of 60 g/L, pH of 8.5, Ca/P mole ratio of 2.0 and 4.0 L/min aeration rate when the PO43-P concentration was 10 mg/L in the influent, displaying an excellent phosphorus recovery performance. Importantly, it was found that the effect of reaction temperature on induced Hydroxyapatite crystallization was slight, thus favoring practical application of phosphorus recovery method described in this study. From these results, the proposed method of induced HAP crystallization to recover phosphorus combined with nutrients removal can be an economical and effective technology, probably favoring the water pollution control and phosphate rock recycle.