Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Environmental effects of using large rivers for irrigation in the Kazakhstan – Syr Darya case study

Mustafayev Zhumakhan, Mosiej Józef, Abdyvalieva Karlygas S., Kozykeeva Alija

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

no. 47

125--134

EN

The issues discussed in the paper concern the assessment of changes in quantitative and qualitative indicators of water resources in the climatic conditions of the southern part of Kazakhstan. For this purpose, many years of systematic field observations and other continuous data obtained from the functioning measurement and observation stations operating within the Aral-Syrdarya Basin Inspection were used. On the basis of the obtained data, indicators were determined that characterize the quantity and quality of water supplied to the soil in the irrigation process, as well as the quantity and quality of water flowing out of the drainage systems, together with an evaluation of the effectiveness of irrigation and drainage systems. Soil salinity was assessed in five irrigated massifs with a total area of 332.55 thous. ha. For the same irrigated massifs, the annual amounts of water taken for irrigation, the amount of outflowing water and the assessment of the mineralization level were determined. Based on the developed results of field observations characterizing the hydrological and environmental situation of the lower section of the Syr Darya River in 1960–2015, the negative reaction coefficients were calculated for the local population, soil and vegetation for five of the irrigated massifs of the Kyzylorda region. The ecological situation of the habitat of soil and plants in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River in all irrigation areas deteriorates on a time scale, since as a result of the reclamation of agricultural lands, intensive secondary soil salinization occurs and the formation of infiltration runoff with high mineralization, contributing to the violation of the harmonization of the relationship between nature and man.

2

Correlation between physical and chemical parameters of water and biotic indices: The case study the White Drin River basin, Kosovo

Zhushi Etemi Ferdije, Çadraku Hazir, Bytyçi Arbnore, Kuçi Tetlinda, Desku Arbnore, Ymeri Prespa, Bytyçi Pajtim

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

no. 46

229--241

EN

The major impacts on aquatic ecosystems worldwide caused by land use lead to changes in their natural conditions and limitation of water use for various needs. This paper presents the results of the study of the physical and chemical parameters and macroinvertebrate assemblage in the White Drin River (or: the Drim River, Alb. the Drini i Bardhë River) basin, the largest in Kosovo. Macroinvertebrate sampled at 11 sites in the river resulted in 5946 collected benthic organisms, which in taxonomic terms belong to 12 orders and 51 families. Of the total number of organisms, 72.28% were Insects, 25.39% Amphipoda crustaceans and 2.33% were Annelide worms and Mollusk. The used biotic indices Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), average score per taxon (ASPT) and Stroud Water Research Center (SWRC) classify water quality in excellent category in the sampling site S1 near the source of the White Drin River, whereas in other sampling sites, as a result of pollution, water quality varies on category II–IV. The Pearson's correlation analyses shown that the physical and chemical parameters affect the water quality and the composition of macroinvertebrates. Our results show that the parameters that adversely affect the BMWP, EPT and ASPT biotic indices as well as the Shannon–Wiener, Mergalef and Menhinik diversity indices are: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrates (NO3–) and chlorides (Cl–). We can conclude that the anthropogenic impact on White Drin basin affects the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water therefore these parameters should be constantly included in Biomonitoring and Management plans for water resources in Kosovo.

3

A statistical approach to estimates of geomorphological-morphotectonic diversity for evaluating the scientific value of geosites: a case study from the southeastern Lut desert, Iran

Sadeghi-Farshbaf Pouya, Khatib Mohammad Mahdi, Rezaei Naser

Geologos

|

2020

|

Vol. 26, No. 1

75--86

EN

The present study aims to investigate the diversity index (dv-index) of morphotectonic and geomorphological landforms as one of the scientific value indices for evaluation of the geotouristic potential of the southeastern Lut desert using topographic statistical analysis. Scientific index scoring in most models is based on descriptive assessment by geotourists and experts. Statistical analysis of the dv-index in the present study helps experts to base their scoring on scientific methods. The dv-index is controlled by several items. In the present study, we analyse two of these, including the classification of topographic continuity pattern (TCP) and topographic slope position correlation (TSPC). For this purpose, a network of section lines is used to analyse slope continuity. The TSPC analysis is performed by using two parameters of absolute value and slope position. Results for these two evaluated items indicate a score of 1.46 (out of 2) for the dv-index. Given a rating of 5, the score obtained for the two items is a high one. Therefore, an initial estimate of the dv-index indicates a significant scientific value of the study area.

4

Changes of species composition of the Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra plant communities in drainage peatland

Urban D., Grzywna A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2017

|

no. 35

243--248

EN

The objective of this study was to examine the vegetation cover and describe the floristic diversity of selected plant communities of extensive and abandoned grasslands within the Forest of Parczew PLB060006 – a Natura 2000 protected area. Floristic surveys were conducted in the meadows in years 2001 and 2013 under the conditions of natural succession of the communities Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra. The area is situated in the northern part of the Lublin Voivodeship, in the physiographic mesoregion the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland. Those communities were characterized by average species richness and floristic diversity index values. The cover index decreased considerably in the case of 8 species, and increased for 12 species. A large increase in the cover index of Holcus lanatus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Galium mollugo, Anthriscus sylvestris and Polemonium caeruleae is particularly noteworthy. In 2001, 39 species of plants were recorded in all relevés, compared to 41 species recorded in 2013. Over 12 years, 11 species disappeared, but 13 new ones emerged. For the time being, the average species richness N increased from 12 to 16 per relevé. The biodiversity index H' increased from 2.8 to 3.6.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań fitosocjologicznych na obiekcie Ochoża prowadzonych w 2001 i 2013 r. Z analizy danych wynika, że gatunkami występującymi na wszystkich badanych stanowiskach były głównie Poa pratensis i Festuca rubra oraz Urtica dioica. W 2013 r. na wszystkich badanych stanowiskach, oprócz gatunków omówionych wyżej, występowały także Rumex acetosa, Galium mollugo, Veronica chamaedrys i Cardaminopsis arenosa. Na podstawie analizy wyników badań stwierdzono, że w przypadku 15 gatunków klasa stałości w 2013 r. w porównaniu ze stanem z 2001 r. zwiększyła się, a w przypadku pozostałych się nie zmieniła. Odnotowano także zmiany współczynnika pokrycia. Uległ on znacznemu zmniejszeniu w przypadku 8 gatunków, a zwiększył się w przypadku 12 gatunków. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje duże zwiększenie wartości współczynnika pokrycia Holcus lanatus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Galium mollugo, Anthriscus sylvestris oraz Polemonium caeruleae (w Polsce gatunek objęty ochroną prawną). W 2001 r. we wszystkich stanowiskach odnotowano 39 gatunków roślin, zaś w 2013 r. odnotowano 41 gatunków. Przez 12 lat zanikło 11 gatunków, ale pojawiło się 13 nowych. Przez 12 lat średnia liczba gatunków N zwiększyła się z 12 do 16. Zwiększył się także wskaźnik bioróżnorodności H’ z 2,8 do 3,6.

5

Vegetation Landscape Analysis Due to Land Use Changes on Arid Lands

Manjarrez-Dominguez M., Pinedo-Alvarez A., Pinedo-Alvarez C., Villarreal-Guerrero F., Cortes-Palacios L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2015

|

Vol. 63, nr 2

167--174

EN

Fast land use changes have strongly affected arid and semi-arid regions at a global scale, affecting food security of the inhabitants of these regions. This study evaluated the fragmentation degree in the Chihuahua´s desert region of Mexico by using data from the Landsat TM sensor. Nine scenes, taken with Landsat TM5 sensor from the years 1990, 2000, and 2012, were used for the analysis. The coverage of seven land uses (grasslands, shrubland, croplands, sandy desert vegetation, forest, water bodies, and urban areas) was obtained under supervised classification techniques and the accuracy level was evaluated through the Kappa multi-varied discrete index. The classification showed a good reliance level having global accuracies of 93, 93.2 and 90.3% for the years 1990, 2000 and 2012, respectively. The fragmentation analysis showed an increase in the number of patches, an indicator of the ecosystem degradation process. The patches number increased from 8,354.23 in 1990 to 9,658.36 in 2000 and to 11,469 in 2012. Simpson and Shannon diversity indexes proved a clear fragmentation process. During the period of 1990−2012, grasslands were the most affected vegetation type with a reduction of 30.7% in its area. Such reduction was mainly attributed to invasions of shrubland communities and to an increase in cropland areas.

6

Potential effects of abiotic factors on the abundance and distribution of the plankton in the Western Harbour, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

Heneash A. M. M., Tadrose H. R. Z., Hussein M. M. A., Hamdona S. K., Abdel-Aziz N., Gharib S. M.

Oceanologia

|

2015

|

No. 57 (1)

61--70

EN

Samples were collected seasonally from Western Harbour during winter 2012–winter 2013 to examine spatial and temporal variability in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance in relation to physicochemical parameters. Water was alkaline and well oxygenated. Nutrient concentrations were generally high and related to inflow of discharged waters. A total of 157 and 106 of phytoplankton and zooplankton species were recorded, respectively. The average plankton population was 4 × 106 cells l-1 in terms of phytoplankton and 24 × 103 ind. m-3 in terms of zooplankton. Seasonal differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of both communities in the different stations were marked. Eutreptiella belonging to class Euglenophyceae overwhelming during spring, reaching an average of 17 × 106 cells l-1. The genus previously was recorded as rare form in the Egyptian waters and may have been introduced via ballast water. Except in spring, copepods were the most abundant group and tintinnid abundances generally increased in spring. The ranges of Shannon diversity indices indicate disturbance level and sometimes high productivity. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH may be responsible for the variations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure. The results indicate that not only the discharged water make the harbour at risk, but also the ballast water is not less dangerous, and so, we emphasize the need for activation of the ballast water management IMO Ballast Water Management Conventions to reduce the risk of future species invasions.

7

Impact of Jute Retting on Phytoplankton Diversity and Aquatic Health: Biomonitoring in a Tropical Oxbow Lake

Ghosh D., Biswas J. K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 16, nr 5

15--25

EN

Phytoplankton acts as a primary producer and biological filter of aquatic ecosystem. Jute retting during monsoon is a common anthropological activity in the rural Bengal. Quantitative seasonal bio-monitoring of phytoplankton community composition with relative abundance and its diversity indices was carried out in this study from April 2013 to March 2014 to assess water quality and the impact of jute retting on phytoplankton diversity of a tropical fresh water oxbow lake in Nadia district of India. We recorded a total of 34 genera of 5 distinct classes, Chlorophyceae (15), Bacillariophyceae (13), Cyanophyceae (4), Dinophyceae (1) and Euglenophyceae (1). Members of Chlorophyceae dominated throughout the year. Unlike Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae was found to be significantly increased during monsoon when compared to the rest of the year. Average phytoplankton density was highest in post-monsoon (8760/L) followed by monsoon (4680/L) and pre-monsoon (3650/L). Owing to the dominance of class Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae we found this lake to be oligotrophic to mesotrophic. Indices values of genera richness, Shannon-Wiener, evenness and Simpson’s diversity reached their lowest 14, 1.61, 0.61 and 0.68 in monsoon and highest 23, 2.42, 0.77 and 0.86 in post monsoon respectively. The lowest diversity values during monsoon clearly suggested that the selected lake has highest anthropogenic pollution due to jute retting which impacted significantly on phytoplankton diversity. Therefore, the lake is not conducive for fish growth especially during monsoon and we opine that there is a need to regulate jute retting process, intensity and its density in the lake during the monsoon to ensure enhanced biodiversity for sustainable management and conservation of aquatic environment of this Oxbow lake.

8

Ocena zachwaszczenia zbóż ozimych uprawianych w siewie czystym i z wsiewką seradeli (Ornithopus sativus L.) w systemie ekologicznym

Bojarszczuk J., Staniak M., Księżak J.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2013

|

T. 13, z. 2

5--16

PL

Celem badań była ocena zachwaszczenia zbóż ozimych, uprawianych w siewie czystym i z wsiewką seradeli (Ornithopus sativus L.) w systemie ekologicznym. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2011 i 2012, w gospodarstwie indywidualnym w rejonie Włodawy (woj. lubelskie) i w PODR Szepietowo (woj. podlaskie). Badania obejmowały oznaczenie świeżej i powietrznie suchej masy chwastów oraz ocenę ich składu gatunkowego i liczebności poszczególnych gatunków. Opisano również strukturę zbiorowisk chwastów za pomocą wskaźników ekologicznych – indeksu różnorodności Shannona oraz indeksu dominacji Simpsona. Badania wykazały, że gatunek zboża i wsiewka seradeli miały znaczący wpływ na liczebność, skład gatunkowy flory segetalnej oraz świeżą i suchą masę chwastów. W obu latach badań czyste zasiewy zbóż charakteryzowały się większym zachwaszczeniem niż mieszanki z seradelą. Najmniej konkurencyjne w stosunku do chwastów było żyto (Secale L.) uprawiane w siewie czystym. Najmniejszą liczbą gatunków niepożądanych na 1 m² oraz najmniejszym zróżnicowaniem gatunkowym charakteryzowała się pszenica orkisz (Triticum spelta L.) uprawiana z wsiewką seradeli.

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate weed infestation of winter cereals cultivated in pure sowing and undersown with serradella in organic system. The study was carried out in 2011 in individual farm in Włodawa region (lubelskie province) and in 2012 in Agricultural Advisory Center in Szepietowo (podlaskie province). The study included yielding and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of weed infestation. Weed association structure was described by Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index. The study showed that cereal species and serradella undersowing had significant influence on abundance, botanical composition and the fresh and dry mass of weeds. In both years, the biggest weed infestation was noted in pure sowing of cereals. Winter rye cultivated in pure sowing had the lowest competitive ability with respect to weeds. The lowest number and the least differentiated weed species were found in spelt wheat cultivated with serradella.

9

Ocena zachwaszczenia mieszanek grochu z pszenicą jarą uprawianych w systemie ekologicznym

Bojarszczuk J., Staniak M., Księżak J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2013

|

Vol. 58, nr 3

33--40

PL

Celem badań była ocena zachwaszczenia mieszanek grochu z pszenicą o zróżnicowanym udziale nasion komponentów przy wysiewie, w ekologicznym systemie gospodarowania. Doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2011-2012 w układzie split-plot, w 4 powtórzeniach, na glebie kompleksu pszennego dobrego. Porównywano mieszanki dwóch odmian grochu z pszenicą jarą o zróżnicowanym udziale rośliny strączkowej (40, 60 i 80%). Przeprowadzono ocenę składu gatunkowego, liczebności poszczególnych gatunków, oznaczono świeżą i powietrznie suchą masę chwastów oraz wykonano ocenę struktury zbiorowisk chwastów w badanych uprawach za pomocą dwóch wskaźników ekologicznych: indeksu różnorodności Shannona (H’) oraz indeksu dominacji Simpsona (SI). Badania wykazały, że najbardziej konkurencyjna w stosunku do chwastów była mieszanka z 40% udziałem grochu, w której zanotowano najmniejszą świeżą i suchą masę chwastów. W obu latach badań, większą masę chwastów zanotowano w drugim terminie oznaczeń. Największą różnorodnością flory segetalnej w pierwszym roku badań, wykazała się mieszanka pszenicy z 60% udziałem grochu odmiany Wiato, zaś w drugim roku mieszanka z 80% udziałem grochu odmiany Wiato oraz 60% odmiany Tarchalska. Najmniejsze bogactwo flory zachwaszczającej, w roku 2011, zanotowano w mieszankach z 80% udziałem grochu odmiany Wiato, natomiast w roku 2012, w zasiewie mieszanki z 40% udziałem grochu odmiany Tarchalska.

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate a weed infestation level of legume-cereals mixture at diverse percentage of pea seeds in organic system. The study was conducted in 2011-2012 in split-plot method in four replications on good wheat complex at the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - Agricultural Experimental Station Grabów (Mazowieckie Voivodeship). Mixtures of two pea varieties (Wiato, Tarchalska) with spring wheat at diverse percentage of legume crop (40, 60, 80%) were compared. The study included yielding and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of weed infestation. The description of weed association structure by ecological indexes: Shannon’s diversity and Simpson’s dominance were done. The study showed that mixture with 40% of pea was the most competitive in relation to weeds. The lowest weight of weeds was noted in those mixtures. In both years of study, bigger weight of weeds was observed in the second term of estimation. The analysis using Shannon' s diversity index revealed the biggest weed flora in the first year of study in mixture of wheat with 60% of pea, Wiato variety and in the second year in mixture with 80% of pea, Wiato variety and 60% of Tarchalska variety. The smallest number of weeds in the first year of study was in mixture with 80% of pea, Wiato variety. In the second year, Simpson’s dominance index showed domination of one species in mixture with 40% of pea, Tarchalska variety.

10

Phytoplankton and environmental variables as a water quality indicator for the beaches at Matrouh, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt: an assessment

Gharib S.M., El-Sherif Z.M., Abdel-Halim A.M., Radwan A.A.

Oceanologia

|

2011

|

No. 53 (3)

819-836

EN

This study was carried out to determine the water quality of the beaches at Matrouh, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt, by studying environmental variables as well as phytoplankton abundance and community structure. Surface water samples were monitored from a series of beach sites over a period of five seasons during 2009-2010. A total of 203 phytoplankton species were identified from seven algal divisions. Seasonal differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the phytoplankton communities in the different sites were marked. Nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton abundances were found to be poorer than those of many other areas along Egyptian coast. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index classified Matrouh water as being between clean and moderately polluted, whereas the WQI demonstrated that it was between good and excellent. It can be concluded that the index based on WQI is currently more suitable than the phytoplankton species index for assessing the quality of the water of the Matrouh beaches.

11

Changes in the vegetation of softwater lakes under the influence of humic substances

Bociąg K., Szmeja J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2001

|

Vol. 49, nr 4

319-326

EN

The effect of dissolved allochthonous humic substances (aDHS) on submerged aquatic vegetation was studied in softwater lakes. It has been found that with increasing aDHS (in the range of concentrations 1.2 to 20.6 mg C dm^-3) the number of macrophyte species decreases (from 17 to 1), the biomass is reduced considerably (86--> 0 g dw m^-2), especially the biomass of the dominants, and the Shannon-Weaver index changes (up to the concentrations of 4.5 mg C dm^-3 the index increases and then decreases). Population areas become increasingly narrow and shifted towards shallow littoral sites. Plant degeneration begins in deep-water sectors. It is not connected with the appearance of new dominants, and leads on to the elimination of all plants from a lake.