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1
Content available Badania betonowych elementów sprężonych zespolonych z nadbetonem
Zając Jakub, Drobiec Łukasz, Grzyb Krzysztof
Przegląd Budowlany
|
2023
|
R. 94, nr 7-8
126--132
PL
W artykule przedstawiono badania rozwarstwienia prefabrykowanych sprężonych belek betonowych. Głównym celem programu badań jest określenie wpływu kształtu zespolenia na zachowanie się belek zespolonych. Zbadano żebrowe prefabrykowane belki sprężone z pełnym zespoleniem, zerwaną adhezją i zerwaną adhezją oraz tarciem. Pomiary z wykorzystaniem technologii cyfrowej korelacji obrazu (DIC) wraz z analizą charakterystyki siła-przemieszczenie wykazały decydujący wpływ długości rozwarstwienia na pracę elementu. Powstawanie lokalnego poślizgu w płaszczyźnie zespolenia związane było z propagacją zarysowań giętnych i ukośnych. Zarysowanie dochodzące do strefy podparcia należy uznać za moment rozwarstwienia elementu zespolonego.
EN
The article presents a study of the interface behavior of precast pre-stressed composite beams. The main objective of the research program is to determine the influence of the interface’s shape on the composite element’s behavior. The rib-shaped precast prestressed beams with full bond, broken adhesion and broken contact were tested. DIC measurements with force-displacement relations analysis showed a crucial impact of cracking length on element performance. The formation of the local slip of the interface was related to the propagation of flexural and shear cracks. The crack reaching the support zone should be considered the moment of debonding of the composite element.
2
Content available Flexible-elastic deformation measurement of ZnS:Cu2+ mechanoluminescent film using visual inspection and digital image correlation
Gu Guo-Qing, Xu Gui-Zhong, Shen Feng, Zhou Peng, Sun Hou-Chao, Weng Jia-Xing
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2023
|
Vol. 30, nr 2
353--365
EN
ZnS-based mechanoluminescent film has been widely used in the fields of stress visualization and stress sensing, due to its high brightness and repeatable stable luminescent characteristics. To evaluate the flexible-elastic deformation performance of ZnS-based mechanoluminescent film, both visual inspection and digital image correlation (DIC) are, respectively, employed for measuring the ZnS-based mechanoluminescent film. ZnS:Cu2+ mechanoluminescent powders are first mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to produce ZnS:Cu2+-PDMS mechanoluminescent film. Then, two measurement experiments are, respectively, conducted to investigate the mechanical response and the flexible-elastic deformation performance of the prepared ZnS:Cu2+-PDMS mechanoluminescent film. On one hand, the mechanical response performance of the ZnS:Cu2+-PDMS mechanoluminescent film is validated by visual monitoring of composite concrete fracture processes. On the other hand, the prepared ZnS:Cu2+-PDMS mechanoluminescent film is also measured by DIC to obtain its full-field deformations and strains information. The flexible-elastic deformation performance of the ZnS:Cu2+-PDMS mechanoluminescent film is well demonstrated by the DIC measured results.
3
Zastosowanie systemu cyfrowej korelacji obrazu w badaniach węzłów konstrukcji stalowych
Kozłowski Aleksander, Kukla Damian, Nykiel Damian
Inżynieria i Budownictwo
|
2023
|
R. 79, nr 9-10
478--482
PL
Artykuł przedstawia problemy i wyzwania w pomiarach przemieszczeń oraz odkształceń węzłów konstrukcji stalowych przeprowadzonych metodą cyfrowej korelacji obrazu. Badanym elementem był stalowy węzeł doczołowy słupa z ryglami, obciążany statycznie aż do zniszczenia. Do pomiarów przemieszczeń i odkształceń próbki wykorzystano system cyfrowej korelacji obrazu Aramis 2D, czujniki indukcyjne, inklinometry oraz tensometry elektrooporowe. Porównano wartości odkształceń otrzymane metodą tensometrii elektrooporowej oraz metodą cyfrowej korelacji obrazu.
EN
The paper presents problems and challenges in measuring the displacements and strains of steel structure joints using digital image correlation system. A beam-to-column bolted extended end-plate joints were tested under static loading until failure. An Aramis 2D digital image correlation system, inductive sensors, inclinometers and electrical resistive strain gauges were used to measure the displacement and strains of the element. Strains values obtained by electrical resistive strain gauging and digital image correlation were compared.
4
Zachowanie okapowego węzła ramy portalowej z kształtowników giętych na zimno na podstawie pomiarów techniką DIC
Budziński Rafał, Ślęczka Lucjan
Inżynieria i Budownictwo
|
2023
|
R. 79, nr 9-10
452--457
PL
Węzły ram portalowych z kształtowników giętych na zimno mają inną budowę strukturalną niż węzły z kształtowników walcowanych na gorąco. Z tego powodu są zwykle klasyfikowane jako podatne i o niepełnej nośności. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na fazy pracy takich węzłów wynikające z zastosowania śrubowych połączeń zakładkowych kategorii A, przedstawiono źródła ich deformacji oraz zaprezentowano poszukiwania chwilowego środka obrotu obu składowych połączeń w węźle. Wszystkie te cechy węzłów obserwowano podczas badań doświadczalnych, a szczegółowe pomiary tych właściwości umożliwiała technika optycznej korelacji obrazu (DIC). Podczas badań wyznaczano zależności M-ϕ węzłów ram, w których schodziły się rygiel i słup wykonane ze zdwojonego kształtownika ceowego o wymiarach 450x80x4, ze stali gatunku S355.
EN
The joints of the portal frames made of cold-formed profiles have a different structural form compared to the joints made of hot-rolled rolled sections. For this reason, they are usually classified as semi-rigid and partial strength. The paper draws attention to the phases of joint behaviour resulting from the use of category A bolted lap joints, presents the sources of their deformation, and searches for the instantaneous centre of rotation of both connections in the joint. All these characteristics were observed during experimental tests and detailed measurements were made using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The M-ϕ response of two moment-resisting joints was investigated, where back-to-back channel sections with dimensions 450x80x4 were applied, with steel grade S355.
5
Cyfrowa technika korelacji obrazu a tradycyjne metody pomiarowe na przykładzie testów fibrobetonów
Blazy Julia, Drobiec Łukasz
Inżynieria i Budownictwo
|
2023
|
R. 79, nr 9-10
504--511
PL
Fibrobeton charakteryzuje się zdolnością przenoszenia obciążeń przy zwiększającej się szerokości rozwarcia rysy nawet po osiągnięciu maksymalnej nośności. W związku z tym konieczna jest obserwacja oraz analiza propagacji i zwiększania się tego zarysowania. W tym celu można użyć tradycyjnych metod pomiarowych: mierników zaciskowych bądź czujników przemieszczeń. Coraz częściej jednak stosuje się technikę cyfrowej korelacji obrazu jako alternatywną, uzupełniającą lub sprawdzającą metodę pomiarową. W artykule skupiono się na analizie porównawczej wyników z bezpośrednich urządzeń pomiarowych z wynikami z czujników wirtualnych uzyskanych w testach trzypunktowego zginania oraz rozłupywania Montevideo. Badane były próbki fibrobetonowe z trzema różnymi rodzajami włókien polimerowych, różniące się również zawartością tych włókien w mieszance betonowej.
EN
Fiber reinforced concrete is characterized by the ability to transfer loads with increasing crack width, even after reaching the maximum load capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to observe and analyse the propagation and increase of the crack. For this purpose, the traditional measurement methods like clip gauges or linear variable displacement transducers can be used. However, the digital image correlation technique is increasingly gaining popularity as an alternative, supplementary or verifying measurement method. The article focuses on the comparative analysis of the results from direct measuring devices with the results from virtual sensors obtained in the three-point bending test and Montevideo splitting tensile test. Fiber reinforced concrete samples with three different types of polymer fibers and their different content in the concrete mix were tested.
6
Content available Deformation measurement system for UAV components to improve their safe operation
Czyż Zbigniew, Jakubczak Patryk, Podolak Piotr, Skiba Krzysztof, Karpiński Paweł, Droździel-Jurkiewicz Magda, Wendeker Mirosław
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
|
2023
|
Vol. 25, no. 4
art. no. 172358
EN
The paper presents the authors’ method and test rig for performing the deformation analysis of unmanned aircraft fuselages. To conduct the analysis, the DIC system was used, as well as a test rig designed and constructed by the authors, equipped with a dedicated control and load control system. The article presents a description of the research capabilities of the test rig developed for testing the deformation of unmanned aircraft fuselages. Due to the specific operating conditions of the designed fuselage,the test rig developed allows the simulation of loads corresponding to different flight conditions. In addition, it is possible to change the forces acting on the fuselage simultaneously for all servos or each of them separately. Finally, results showing the displacement of component control points for the considered fuselage versions are presented. The tests carried out using the developed test rig allowed the verification of the maximum deformations. The two versions of the composite fuselage of an aerial vehicle have been compared in the paper. The created measurement system and performed analyzes have enabled us to identify and quantitatively analyze the weaknesses of the construction. The results have enabled us to geometrically modify the constructionso the mass of the fuselage reduced by 19% and a coefficient of construction balance increased by 22%.
7
Content available Experimental dynamic damage assessment of PUFJ protected brick infilled RC building during successive shake table tests
Kwiecień Arkadiusz, Rakicevic Zoran, Chełmecki Jarosław, Bogdanovic Aleksandra, Tekieli Marcin, Hojdys Łukasz, Gams Matija, Krajewski Piotr, Manojlovski Filip, Soklarovski Antonio, Halici Omer Faruk, Rousakis Theodoros, Vanian Vachan
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2023
|
Vol. 71, nr 3
art. no. e144940
EN
It is highly important to determine eigenvalues before and after certain extreme events that may cause damage accumulation, such as earthquake, blasts and mining or seismic tests on research models. Unique experiment design and shake table testing was performed to investigate seismic performance of a 3D RC building model with infill walls and advanced protection with polyurethane-based joints and fiber polymer reinforced light and emergency jackets. For the purpose of wider experimental activities, three methods for determination of the dynamic characteristics were used during multiple successive shake table tests following a dynamic pushover approach, and they are presented in detail. They are: inertance function through impact hammer tests, standard Fourier transformation of measured acceleration time history and digital image correlation. The expected differences in the results are related to the type and intensity of excitation used, the involvement of materials with different mechanical and physical properties, and with the different rate and extent of damage accumulation, as well as to local or global measurements. Y et, all methods lead to reliable results when a consistent methodology is being used, that takes into account locality or globality of measurements, leaving a choice for the most suitable one, depending on the site conditions. The inertance function method presented manifested its high efficiency in analysis of dynamic properties of large-scale structures and in monitoring of their changes caused by the damage and repair process. It offers quite a wide range of useful information, does not require very expensive equipment and its transportation cost is negligible. This method seems to be a proper diagnostic tool for simple experimental modal analysis of real structures and their structural elements, where detection of changes in the structural condition and in dynamic properties is required, also as a non-destructive testing and monitoring method. Digital image correlation proved to be a promising non-contact tool, strongly supporting the conventional instrumentation of shake table testing, while the Fourier transformation was used as a benchmark method yielding the most reliable results.
8
Content available Coda wave interferometry for monitoring the fracture process of concrete beams under bending test
Knak Magdalena, Wojtczak Erwin, Rucka Magdalena
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2023
|
Vol. 71, nr 3
art. no. e144118
EN
Early detection of damage is necessary for the safe and reliable use of civil engineering structures made of concrete. Recently, the identification of micro-cracks in concrete has become an area of growing interest, especially when it comes to using wave-based techniques. In this paper, a non-destructive testing approach for the characterization of the fracture process was presented. Experimental tests were performed on concrete beams subjected to mechanical degradation in a 3-point bending test. Ultrasonic waves were registered on a specimen surface by piezoelectric transducers located at several points. Then, the signals were processed taking advantage of wave scattering due to micro-crack disturbances. For early-stage damage detection, coda wave interferometry was used. The novelty of the work concerns the application of the complex decorrelation matrix and the moving reference trace approach for better distinguishment of sensors located in different parts of a crack zone. To enhance coda wave-based damage identification results, optical imaging of crack development was performed by means of digital image correlation measurement. The results obtained showed that the coda wave interferometry technique can be successfully used as a quantitative measure of changes in the structure of concrete. The results also indicated that the course of decorrelation coefficient curves enabled the identification of three stages during degradation, and it depended on the location of acquisition points versus the crack zone.
9
Content available Zastosowanie cyfrowej korelacji obrazu w badaniach elementów żelbetowych
Tworzewski Paweł
Przegląd Budowlany
|
2022
|
R. 93, nr 7-8
103--106
PL
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania cyfrowej korelacji obrazu (Digital Image Correlation), a dokładniej systemu ARAMIS SRX w badaniach elementów żelbetowych. Przykładowe pomiary wykonano dla belki żelbetowej poddanej obciążeniu do zniszczenia. Obejmują one przemieszczenia, odkształcenia oraz zarysowanie na wybranych obszarach. Opisano również zastosowaną wersję systemu ARAMIS, zmiany i nowe funkcje wprowadzone względem starszych wersji.
EN
The article presents using of Digital Image Correlation, and more specifically the ARAMIS SRX system, in the research of reinforced concrete elements. Exemplary measurements were made for a reinforced concrete beam subjected to a load to failure. New and old version of the ARAMIS system was described, as well as its changes and new functions introduced in relation to older versions.
10
Content available Digital Image Correlation - method development, scope, principle of functioning, and future goals
Kempny Marcin
Journal of Metallic Materials
|
2022
|
Vol. 74, no. 3-4
30--41
EN
This paper presents the basics of the Digital Image Correlation System, its algorithm of operation, methods of data recording and implementation. In addition, the paper characterises in detail the standard bench instrumentation necessary for the implementation of this type of measurement. The paper also describes the procedure of sample preparation and classifies the main methods of applying a marker to the surface of the sample. The article highlights the main advantages of the system and the main difficulties associated with its operation, and indicates the important parameters affecting the quality of the measurement. The paper shows a wide range of applications of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and the possibilities of cooperation with other measurement systems as well as extended versions of the system, such as Digital Volumetric Correlation. The article also outlines further directions for the development of the DIC research methodology including, among others, extending the temperature range in which the method can be applied, as well as increasing the speed of camera image recording. Such modifications will allow the image correlation method to be used for research where it has not yet been possible.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono podstawy systemu cyfrowej korelacji obrazów, algorytm działania, metody rejestracji danych oraz implementacji. Ponadto w pracy szczegółowo scharakteryzowano standardowe oprzyrządowanie stanowiskowe niezbędne do realizacji tego typu pomiarów. W pracy opisano również procedurę przygotowania próbki oraz sklasyfikowano główne metody nanoszenia znacznika na powierzchnię próbki. Artykuł podkreśla główne zalety systemu, główne trudności związane z jego działaniem oraz wskazuje istotne parametry wpływające na jakość pomiaru. Manuskrypt pokazuje szeroki zakres zastosowań cyfrowej korelacji obrazu (DIC) oraz możliwości współpracy z innymi systemami pomiarowymi, a także rozszerzone wersje systemu, takie jak cyfrowa korelacja wolumetryczna. W pracy nakreślono również dalsze kierunki rozwoju metodologii badań DIC, w tym m.in. rozszerzenie zakresu temperatur, w których metoda może być stosowana, jak również zwiększenie szybkości rejestracji obrazu z kamer. Takie modyfikacje pozwolą na wykorzystanie metody korelacji obrazów do badań, w których zastosowanie DIC nie było dotychczas możliwe.
11
Porównanie efektywności wybranych metod pomiaru przemieszczeń na przykładzie stalowego elementu belkowego
Kudyba Piotr, Szewczyk Piotr
Inżynieria i Budownictwo
|
2022
|
R. 78, nr 3-4
120--123
PL
Celem pracy była analiza efektywności różnych metod pomiaru przemieszczeń stosowanych w budownictwie. W pracy porównano wartości przemieszczeń pomierzonych na testowym elemencie w postaci belki stalowej. Pomiary wykonano czujnikami LVDT, skanerem laserowym oraz systemem Aramis bazującym na metodzie cyfrowej korelacji obrazu.
EN
The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of various displacement measurement methods used in construction. The paper compares the values of displacements measured on the test element in the form of a steel beam. Measurements were made with LVDT sensors, a laser scanner and the Aramis system based on the digital image correlation method.
12
Content available Możliwości wykorzystania cyfrowej korelacji obrazu do badań w budownictwie drogowym
Ciołczyk Adrian, Walotek Konrad, Bzówka Joanna
Drogownictwo
|
2022
|
nr 6
173--178
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano przegląd możliwości badawczych w budownictwie drogowym z wykorzystaniem metody cyfrowej korelacji obrazu (DIC). Przedstawiono możliwości przeprowadzania badań laboratoryjnych na próbkach materiałów drogowych, jak i badania polowe na wykonanych nawierzchniach drogowych. Opisano możliwość badania nawierzchni asfaltowych, jak również nawierzchni z płyt granitowych/betonowych.
EN
The paper presents an overview of the possibilities using the digital image correlation (DIC) method in road engineering. The possibilities of conducting laboratory tests for road materials samples as well as field tests performed on road surfaces are presented. The possibilities of testing asphalt surfaces and the surfaces made of granite or concrete slabs are also described.
13
Content available A comparison of elasto-plastic parameters of S355 steel obtained in tensile tests using an extensometer, a strain gauge and an ARAMIS 3D DIC system
Chybiński Marcin, Dębiński Janusz, Glema Adam, Grzymisławska Justyna, Jezierski Dariusz, Polus Łukasz, Szymkuć Wojciech
Archives of Civil Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 68, nr 4
199--217
EN
The paper presents a comparison of three strain measurement methods. The mechanical parameters of S355 grade steel (yield strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) were determined in tensile tests. Strains were measured using high resolution measuring instruments: an extensometer, a strain gauge and an ARAMIS 3D DIC system. In this paper, these three instruments have been used simultaneously in tensile tests for the first time. The results indicate that the values of the Young’s modulus obtained using different techniques were similar when each instrument measured strain on the same side of the sample. Small differences were connected with different gauge lengths and their locations. The values of the Young’s modulus determined on the opposite sides of the samples were more varied even when the same method was used (strain gauge measurements). For this reason, it is recommended to use double-sided averaging instruments when the Young’s modulus is determined. The strain-curves obtained from the strain gauge measurements were incomplete and they came to an end at the end of the yield plateau due to the fact that they were damaged when the values of strain were relatively high. The extensometer was used up to the point where the strain reached 0.3% and then the strain was measured based on the distance between the machine clamps. The stress-strain curves obtained from the DIC system were complete because the system was able to monitor the sample until the very end of the tests.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono porównanie trzech metod pomiarowych odkształceń. Autorzy wyznaczyli parametry mechaniczne stali S355 (granicę plastyczności, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, moduł elastyczności) w próbie rozciągania. Odkształcenie zostało wyznaczone przy użyciu przyrządów pomiarowych o wysokiej rozdzielczości: ekstensometru, tensometru oraz systemu cyfrowej korelacji obrazu ARAMIS 3D. Po raz pierwszy w próbie rozciągania wykorzystano wszystkie urządzenia pomiarowe jednocześnie. Wartości modułu Younga wyznaczone za pomocą różnych metod były zbliżone, gdy urządzenie mierzyły odkształcenie po tej samej stronie próbki. Niewielkie różnice wynikały z różnych długości pomiarowych oraz z faktu, że przyrządy nie mierzyły odkształcenia dokładnie na tej samej bazie pomiarowej. Wartości moduły Younga wyznaczone dla przeciwnych stron próbki różniły się bardziej nawet, gdy zastosowano tą samą metodę pomiarową (pomiar odkształceń za pomocą tensometrów). W związku z tym w celu wyznaczenia prawidłowej wartości modułu elastyczności zaleca się stosowanie dwóch urządzeń rozmieszonych na przeciwnych stronach próbki oraz obliczanie modułu sprężystości na podstawie średniej wartości odkształcenia. Krzywe naprężenie-odkształcenie otrzymane z pomiarów tensometrycznych były niekompletne i kończyły się zaraz po półce plastycznej, ponieważ tensometry ulegały uszkodzeniu przy większych wartościach odkształceń. Ekstensometr był wykorzystywany do momentu, w którym odkształcenia osiągnęły wartość 0,3%. Od tej wartości odkształcenia były wyznaczane na podstawie odległości między szczękami maszyny. Krzywe naprężenie-odkształcenie otrzymane na podstawie cyfrowej korelacji obrazu były kompletne, ponieważ system mógł obserwować próbkę przez całe badanie. Z tego względu, metoda cyfrowej korelacji obrazu jest skutecznym narzędziem, które może być wykorzystane do wyznaczania parametrów mechanicznych stali.
14
Content available remote Influence of weak inclusions on the cracking behavior of a jointed rock mass containing an opening: insights from DIC-based approaches
Liu Xianghua, Zhang Ke, Liu Wenlian, Xie Jianbin
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 22, no. 4
art. no. e184, 2022
EN
To gain deep insights into the reinforcement effect of weak inclusions on jointed rock masses containing an opening, natural sandstone specimens containing multiple non-persistent joints and an opening were prepared, and two different cases, unfilled and filled openings, were considered. Digital image correlation (DIC) was applied to characterize the deformation fields of specimens during loading. Two measures extended from the DIC, the displacement vector and multivariate measure of strain dispersion, were proposed to identify and quantitatively analyze the cracking mechanism. Weak inclusions were found to improve the mechanical properties. The displacement vector fields around the newly formed cracks were calculated, and then, four types of cracks were recognized: direct tensile cracks, relative tensile cracks, shear cracks, and mixed cracks. Based on the fracture nature of cracks, nine types of crack coalescence among joints and six categories between openings and joints were summarized. The influence of weak inclusions on the cracking behavior of jointed sandstones was further clarified. Many more cracks were detected in the specimens containing a filled opening, which was validated by the fractal dimensions of the ultimate fracture surfaces. The differentiation rate of the effective variance (DREV) was defined to describe the dispersion of full-field strain data. The DREV was extremely close to 0 at the initial compacting and elastic deformation stage and then exhibited anomalous responses to cracking events. The first peak in the DREV–strain curve represents crack initiation, which can be regarded as a precursor.
15
Content available remote Influence of adhesive on dynamic performance of steel/Al electromagnetic clinched joints
Liao Yuxuan, Zhong Jiabao, Li Guangyao, Cui Junjia, Jiang Hao
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 22, no. 4
art. no. e177, 2022
EN
In this paper, the dynamic behavior of clinched, bonded and clinch-bonded joints for steel/Al was investigated. Three tensile speeds (1 m/s, 5 m/s, and 10 m/s) were selected. The strain evolution of three kinds of joints was analyzed by the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The mechanical properties and failure mechanism of joints were obtained. The result showed that the shear strength and energy absorption of joints were both increased as the tensile speed increased. When the tensile speed increased from 1 to 10 m/s, the peak loads of clinched joints, bonded joints and clinch-bonded joints were increased by 26.7%, 17.5% and 16.3%, respectively. The energy absorption of three kinds of joints were increased by 35.4%, 27.3%, and 29.0%, respectively. Besides, the addition of adhesive effectively improved the shear strength and energy absorption of the joint compared to clinched joints. Specifically, the peak load and energy absorption were increased by nearly three times and thirteen times, respectively. The failure modes of clinched joint ranged from mixed failure to neck failure. While the failure modes of bonded joint were mixed failure at different tensile speeds. For clinch-bonded joint, the failure modes of interlock structure were the neck failure and the failure modes of adhesive layer were mixed failure. With the increase of the tensile speed, the cohesive failure area of bonded joint and clinch-bonded joint decreased, and the damage degree of mechanical interlock was more serious for clinched joint.
16
Content available Application of mixed-nanoparticle coating as a novel simple method in generating speckle pattern to study small fields of view by digital image correlation
Aghdam Milad Zolfipour, Soltani Naser, Nobakhti Hadi
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
|
2022
|
LXIX, nr 1
45--58
EN
Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful full-field displacement measurement technique that has been used in various studies. The first step in the DIC is to create a random speckle pattern, where the spraying method is usually employed. However, creating an optimal pattern and modification in the spraying method is not convenient. Furthermore, the size of speckles which is not so small in spraying method, limits the minimum size of the field of study. In the present research, a convenient novel technique was introduced and investigated to generate a practical kind of speckle pattern with small speckles for evaluating smaller fields of view using nanoparticles. The pattern was created by spreading a mixture of different black and white nanoparticles. To this end, the black graphene oxide particles were mixed with white nanoparticles of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon to obtain three mixtures. Displacement tests show that the mixture of graphene and titanium provides the best DIC performance. More granularly, graphene and titanium were mixed at three different ratios to find the optimal combination. Subsequently, the accuracy of the new patterning method was analyzed via tensile testing and the results were compared against those of conventional method with various subset sizes.
17
Content available Experimental Analysis of the Post-Buckling Behaviour of Compressed Stiffened Panel with Refill Friction Stir Spot Welded and Riveted Stringers
Kubit Andrzej, Święch Łukasz, Trzepiecinski Tomasz, Faes Koen
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2022
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Vol. 16, no 2
159--167
EN
The paper presents the results of research aimed at comparing two stringer joining technologies of stiffened panels. Experimental tests were carried out on the basis of uniaxial compression of thin-walled panels stiffened with two parallel stringers. The panels consist of a skin plate and stringers joined with two techniques: riveting and refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW). The aim of the investigations was to determine the amount of the critical load, the character of the structure's work in the range of post-buckling behaviour and the mode of panel destruction. For deformation measurements, an optical scanner Aramis based on the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used. The research conducted enabled the assessment of the effectiveness of the RFSSW technology of joining the semi-monocoque structures, taking into account the range of post-critical deformations caused both to the local and global loss of stability. The compression tests have shown that the plate with welded stringers with a spacing of 29.5 mm exhibits the ultimate load similar to the variant of the riveted panel. It was also observed that the nature and number of buckling half-waves depend on the applied load and spacing between connectors.
18
Content available remote Digital Image Correlation for stereoscopic measurement of water surface dynamics in a partially filled pipe
Wu Jiayi, Nichols Andrew, Krynkin Anton, Croft Martin
Acta Geophysica
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2022
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Vol. 70, no 5
2451--2467
EN
This paper presents a novel method for measuring three-dimensional (3D) water surface dynamics in a partially filled pipe. The study on investigation of the 3D free surface dynamics in partially filled pipes is very limited. The method involves tinting the water white with titanium dioxide so that the water surface appears like a solid surface to image-based measuring systems. This method uses a high-resolution projector to project a stochastic pattern of light onto the water surface and uses two high-resolution cameras to capture the pattern on the deformed water surface. The 3D instantaneous water surface fluctuations can be computed from the images captured by the two cameras using a standard Digital Image Correlation algorithm. It is demonstrated that the surface dynamics parameters of turbulent flow in partially filled pipes, including surface fluctuations and surface velocity, can be measured using the projector, high-resolution cameras and DIC algorithm.
19
Content available The application of digital image correlation to investigate the heterogeneity of Achilles tendon deformation and determine its material parameters
Kohut Piotr, Holak Krzysztof, Ekiert Martyna, Młyniec Andrzej, Tomaszewski Krzysztof A., Uhl Tadeusz
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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2021
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Vol. 59 nr 1
43--52
EN
The challenge for researchers is to develop measurement techniques that can deal with biological specimens (e.g. the human Achilles tendon) characterized by high deformation during examination. The relevant quantity which has to be investigated in laboratory experiments is the deformation or strain field of the specimen subjected to a given load. In experimental mechanics, the most remarkable technique used for strain field computation is the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. In the paper, the DIC method is employed to study biomaterial parameters of human Achilles tendons (AT) subjected to tensile uniaxial loadings. The application of DIC allows the heterogeneity of tendon deformation to be taken into consideration. Young’s modulus of AT based on the strain field obtained from a vision-based measurement is estimated and the results are discussed. A map of Young’s modulus (YM) is demonstrated as well.
20
Content available An evaluation of the mechanical properties of 13MnSiCr7 steel by digital image correlation
Kempny Maciej, Rozmus Radoslaw
Computer Methods in Materials Science
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2021
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Vol. 21, No. 2
75--82
EN
In this paper, the possibility of replacing tensile extensometers with a non-contacting device for measuring elongation has been analyzed. An example of a non-contacting device is a Digital Image Correlation System (DIC). Such systems are widely used in various areas, for example, biology or modern engineering. DIC systems have several advantages that seem to be promising for testing modern materials. The most important is the fact that there is no physical contact between the sample and the DIC and therefore no additional force is applied during the experiment. On the other hand, a lack of contact with the sample can cause large measurement inaccuracies. Another advantage would be that a DIC can measure strain on the whole surface of the sample in all directions, instead of measuring part of the surface in one direction like in other extensometers. Because of these abilities, the environment impact on test bench (DIC + load device), and differences between conducted experiment with normalized tensile test needed to be investigated. The testing machine was replaced by a DIC system cooperating with a tension-compression module. The proposed method was used to monitor and record the images to determine the basic properties of 13MnSiCr7 grade steel. Twelve tests were performed. The analysis was done by comparing the values of mechanical properties obtained in a static tensile test, such as yield strength, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation of the material; with the values of these properties determined experimentally. For each sample, stress-strain curves were evaluated. To check if the results were correct, a Q-Dixon test was performed in each case, confidence intervals were also calculated. Finally, the obtained properties were compared with those from the standard tensile test acquired from the manufacturer’s material card.
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