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Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie jakości internetu w aspekcie wykluczenia cyfrowego w Polsce

Janc Krzysztof, Jurkowski Wojciech

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

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2022

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nr 25(1)

73--84

PL

W obecnych czasach społeczeństwo staje się coraz bardziej uzależnione nie tylko od samego dostępu do Internetu, ale również od jego jakości, ocenianej przez pryzmat prędkości przesyłania danych. Stąd też rozpoznanie prawidłowości w tym zakresie, szczególnie w ujęciu przestrzennym staje się istotną kwestią zarówno z punktu widzenia poznawczego jak i aplikacyjnego. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja przestrzennego zróżnicowania jakości Internetu w skali lokalnej w Polsce. Zjawisko to rozpatrywane jest w kontekście wykluczenia cyfrowego, na dwóch płaszczyznach interpretacji: symetryczności dostępu do Internetu oraz jego substytucji. Podstawowym źródłem wykorzystanym w badaniu są dane pozyskiwane od użytkowników Internetu na drodze crowdsourcingu przy użyciu narzędzia Speedtest firmy Ookla. Umożliwiają one określenie realnej – odczuwalnej przez użytkowników prędkości łącza. W wyniku analizy opracowanej typologii dla gmin wskazano kilka prawidłowości odnośnie zjawiska wykluczenia cyfrowego. Po pierwsze, w przypadku jakości Internetu, wymiar rdzeń–peryferie nie jest uniwersalny i oczywisty, gdyż silnie zaznaczają się układy regionalne. Po drugie, postrzeganie wykluczenia cyfrowego głównie przez pryzmat dostępu do Internetu jest zdecydowanie niewystarczającym podejściem w tego typu badaniach.

EN

Nowadays society is becoming increasingly dependent not only on access to the Internet, but also on its quality, assessed by the speed of data transfer. Therefore, identify regularities in this regard particularly in spatial terms is an important issue both from cognitive and application point of view. The aim of the study is to identify the spatial differentiation of the Internet quality on a local scale in Poland. This phenomenon is considered in the context of digital divide, on two levels of interpretation: symmetry of Internet access and its substitution. The basic source of data used in the study is crowdsourcing data generated by Internet users via Ookla’s Speedtest tool. The data allow to determine the real – experienced by the users – speed of the Internet. As a result of the analysis of the typologies for municipalities prepared in the study, several regularities were identified with regard to the digital divide. Firstly, in the case of the Internet performance, the core-periphery dimension is not universal and obvious, as regional patterns are strongly visible. Secondly, looking at digital divide mainly through the lens of Internet access is definitely an insufficient approach in this research area.

2

Przyczyny i sposoby przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu cyfrowemu

Lipnicka M., Lipnicki A., Wojczyk S.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Studia Informatica / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2015

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Nr 37

75--88

PL

Rozwój technologii informacyjnych jest niewątpliwie jednym z najbardziej dynamicznie rozwijających się obszarów życia. W społeczeństwie powstają różnice między osobami, które posiadają dostęp do technologii informacyjnych, a tymi, które takiego dostępu nie mają. Zjawisko to określa się mianem wykluczenia cyfrowego. W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania przyczyn i sposobów przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu cyfrowemu. Wyodrębniono wiele przyczyn takiego stanu rzeczy w pewnych grupach społecznych. Ponadto wskazano na przykładzie sposób przeciwdziałania zjawisku wykluczenia cyfrowego.

XX

The development of information technology is one of the fastest growing areas of life. They are increasingly present and sometimes they are the only way to realization of certain actions. In a society are the differences between those who have access to information technologies and those who do not have such access. This phenomenon is called as digital divide. This article tries to identify the reasons of the digital divide. The authors present many reasons of digital divide relating to particular social groups. Furthermore, in the article are presented the methods of prevent the phenomenon of digital divide. These methods are illustrated by an example.

3

The Problem of the Digital Divide Versus Professional Competence

Marchlewska A., Kuchta T., Goetzen P.

Journal of Applied Computer Science Methods

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2013

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Vol. 5 No. 2

155--163

EN

Quick progress in modern technologies resulting in the Internet development causes more and more institutions to offer their services through the network. The problem is the consequences of the division of people into those who can, are able to and want to use informational technologies and those whose awareness in this area is very little or none. The faster and faster development leads to great differences in qualifications between groups who do not have access to the Internet and the remaining part of the society. Both the administration and the business community have already noticed the issue of not using ICT by people as an important social problem. The article presents the analysis on how many people still do not have digital competence, as the situation evolved over the years. As the conclusion the Authors pointed out that in many sectors of the economy the knowledge of ITC is a prerequisite for getting a job.

4

Nierówność cyfrowa jako pochodna dyfuzji Internetu

Polańska K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Studia Informatica / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2012

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Nr 29

235--247

EN

The article presents the digital divide concept and different views found in the literature about it. As a result of the Internet diffusion the problem of its accessibility is not significant any more. It is the digital inequality, understood as a variety of options and the ability to use the Internet, which comes to the foreground. Social division into the digitally excluded and the new technology users is not only a result of a young age and, consequently, being a member of the group of digital natives. The society can also include digital immigrants, and the self divided.

5

Wykluczenie cyfrowe w Unii Europejskiej

Nierebiński R., Pawlak H.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2012

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nr 1

19-23

PL

Przedstawiono dane statystyczne obrazujące stan regularnego korzystania z Internetu, jak też posiadania umiejętności korzystania z nowych technik w Unii Europejskiej. Dokonano analizy występujących w tym zakresie nierówności pomiędzy państwami europejskimi w grupach społeczno-ekonomicznych zagrożonych wykluczeniem cyfrowym.

EN

This paper presents statistical data showing the status of regular use of the Internet, as well as having the ability to use new technologies in the European Union. Analysis was performed on the inequality between European countries in socio-economic patterns in the use of the Internet in international comparison.

6

Telecommunications, Universal Service and Poverty in Mexico: a Public Policy Assessment (1990-2008)

Casanueva-Reguart C., Pita S. A.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2010

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nr 2

15-27

EN

This article analyzes the design and implementation of telecommunications service policies targeted at the poorest regions of Mexico (1990-2008). It begins by defining universal access and service policies, their economic and social rationale. Secondly, it discusses the scope of public policies on universal service provision designed by Mexican authorities to achieve the goal of universal access. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the distributive effects of this set of policies among the poorest sectors of the population. The sources on which this research was based were two national surveys: the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2008), and the Household Survey of the Access and Use of Information Technologies (2007). The additional information on regional economic development was based on the poverty indexes by the national population council and economic information given by Mexico's Census Bureau. Additional use was made of the annual reports prepared by Ministry of Communications, statistics published by the Federal Telecommunications Commission and official documents prepared by the government agencies. Finally, a series of in-depth interviews was conducted with the former representatives of the Office of Rural Telephony. Finally, the article discusses, in the light of available evidence, possible explanations for the apparent failure of the universal service policy that was implemented to bring at least basic voice services to Mexico's neediest.

7

Identyfikacja osobowościowych i społecznych źródeł Digital Divide a możliwości aktywizacji cyfrowej jednostki

Springer A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Studia Informatica / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2009

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Nr 23

79-93

EN

The article identifies the most important individual factors of digital exclusion on base of qualitative research. Social group which is beyond information society has low motivation and knowledge in range of use services of electronic communications. Researches have showed that support and assistance of close person are essential in this process. In case of many persons we can see big capability of barrier's break of digital divide. Kind of content available in internet is important aspect of change of attitude. Information available in network should satisfy users' needs.

8

Economic disparities among regions in Japan and the problem of the spread of information and communication equipment in the countryside

Oyaizu H.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2007

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nr 4

51-58

EN

Japan's government believed that the development of ICT networks and penetration of information and communications equipment in the countryside reduce the economic and population disparities among regions. Since the latter half of the 90s, some local governments built "intelligent facilities" equipped with ICT network so as to foster the information and communications industry in their area as part of regional "informatization policy". However, "intelligent buildings" failed to attract information and communication companies, economic disparities among regions are in fact widening, while the macro economy is recovering and expanding. Main points are the contents of the regional informatization policy and the effect on the development of ICT networks and the information and communication industry. As "economy of concentration" works more in the information and communications economy, the development of ICT networks and related industries would concentrate economic power in urban areas. At present, it is essential for the regional informatization policy to develop information and telecommunications infrastructure that addresses the needs of residents who lack access to information, and to implement careful information literacy education for residents.