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Single parallel stubs as broadband microwave phase shifters

Rutkowski Adam

Metrology and Measurement Systems

2020

Vol. 27, nr 1

91--102

Structures and characteristics of wideband small-size phase shifters made with the use of single parallel stubs are presented in this paper. The stubs can be short-circuited or open-circuited on termination. Such devices are well known, but are primarily used as components of filters or matching circuits. The novelty, then, comes from the establishment of simple, but helpful formulae, which enable to describe the insertion phase shift and differential phase shift of a line with short and open stubs connected in parallel. These equations can be very useful for designing complex microwave multi-ports. The results of simulations and measurements of the devices, which were designed and made, are shown herein. It was also proved that the presented device shave several usable operating frequency sub-bands, and that the differential phase shift values in the higher sub-bands are greater than those in the lower operating frequency ranges. Thanks to this, the described phase shifters can be used in more than one frequency sub-band. It was stated that in the conditions under analysis, larger phase shifts can be achieved using open-circuited stubs rather than short-circuited stubs. However, the phase shifters with shorted parallel stubs can operate in a wider frequency band.

Mikrofalowe przesuwniki fazy ze strojnikami równoległymi

Rutkowski A.

Kwartalnik Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji

2003

Vol. 49, z. 2

201-224

W artykule opisano strukturalnie proste układy posiadające właściwości mikrofalowych szerokopasmowych przesuwników fazy. Układy te składają się z odcinka linii transmisyjnej i równoległego strojnika zwartego lub rozwartego na końcu. Wprowadzono ogólne zależności pozwalające na syntezę przesuwników o założonym względnym przesunięciu fazy. Pokazano związek pomiędzy długością linii odniesienia i wartością względnego przesunięcia fazy. Wykazano, że w porównywalnych warunkach większe przesunięcie fazy zapewnia układ ze strojnikiem równoległym rozwartym, ale jednocześnie charakteryzuje się on węższym pasmem pracy niż przesuwnik ze strojnikiem zwartym. W związku z tym, iż pojedyńczy strojnik może nie spełniać wymagań dotyczących szerokości pasma pracy, wskazano na możliwość uzyskiwania parametrów poprzez kaskadowe łączenie kilku ogniw jednego, lub obydwu rodzajów strojników.

A phase shifter is a device that provides a change in the phase of the microwave signal. In many applications very important parameter is not only phase delay (insertion phase) but differential phase shift F[Fi]w too. The differential phase shift is a difference between insertion phase of the phase shifter and insertion phase of the so-called reference channel. The Fw value should be constant over the operating frequency band. The broad -- band, small size and accurate phase shifters are necessary for modern radars and communication systems. The paper concerns two types of miniature passive fixed microwave phase shifters. They are dedicated for phase, frequency and direction of arrival measuring devices. The described phase shifters consist of a transmission line and shorted or opened stubs. The derived analytic relations describe entire scattering matrices of the devices were presented. These equations enabled exact investigation of the parameters over wide frequency band and for different Fw values. It was indicated that analysed phase shifters' amplitude and phase characteristics versus frequency have periodic shapes. Hence, both of the shifters have several operating sub-bands. The Fw value is a function of stub's characteristic impedance Zos to transmission line characteristic impedance Zo ratio. Moreover, presented expressions and characteristics indicated that the phase shift depends on sub-band's number. It was also shown, that reference line length depends on Zos / Zo ratio and is independent on utilised sub-band's number. The potential differential phase shift value offered by the device with opened stub is larger than that achieved with shorter stub but it has narrower bandwidth. If the allowance exists that Fw value can vary around desired level within required frequency range then it is possibly to decrease shifters' return and insertion loss by increasing characteristic impedance of the stub. Paper touched on also problems appearing when these devices are planed to be fabricated in microstrip line technique.