Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The influence of carbide reinforcement on the properties of sintered aluminium alloy matrix composites

Szewczyk-Nykiel Aneta

Technical Transactions

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2023

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Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023005

EN

Based on the commercial aluminium alloy powder blend (Alumix 431D) metal matrix composites reinforced with particles of SiC as well as TiC were produced by conventional powder metallurgy technology and the effect of the type and amounts of reinforced particles on the selected properties and microstructure of sintered composites were investigated. In particular, the densification behaviour, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution were identified. It was stated that both the type and the weight fraction of carbide used as particulate reinforcement have a great impact on the properties of aluminium alloy matrix composites. It was shown that the introduction of titanium carbide has a more favourable effect on the properties of sintered Alumix 431D matrix composites in comparison to silicon carbide and the optimum content of TiC in composite is 4 wt. % due to the highest hardness, wear resistance (wear rate of 2.865·10 ̄ ³ mm³/m) and simultaneously the best corrosion resistance (corrosion rate of 0.005 mm/year).

2

Proekologiczne kruszywo z odpadów tworzyw sztucznych jako alternatywa kruszywa naturalnego do betonów lekkich

Prusiel Jolanta Anna, Bujnarowski Kevin

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 11-12

144--148

PL

W artykule opisano możliwość wykorzystania w budownictwie poprodukcyjnych odpadów plastikowych, takich jak folia zwykła i termokurczliwa. Wykorzystując specjalistyczną technologię, wytworzono kruszywo łamane o uziarnieniu do 8 mm z mieszanki materiałów syntetycznych PET/PVC/OPS (PPO). Materiały te pochodziły z odpadów generowanych podczas produkcji etykiet foliowych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania właściwości kruszywa z recyklingu tworzyw sztucznych, takich jak gęstość nasypowa i ziaren, nasiąkliwość oraz parametry mechaniczne betonu. Przedstawiono również zdjęcia z mikroskopu skaningowego dla kruszywa z odpadów tworzyw sztucznych oraz dla betonu z jego zawartością. Zastosowanie ekologicznego kruszywa do betonu lekkiego wpłynie pozytywnie na ochronę środowiska naturalnego.

EN

The article describes the possibility of using post-production plastic waste, such as ordinary and shrink film, in construction. Using specialized technology, a crushed aggregate with a grain size of up to 8 mm was produced from a mixture of PET/PVC/OPS (PPO) synthetic materials. These materials were derived from waste generated during the production of film labels. In the article the results of testing the properties of the recycled plastic aggregate, such as bulk and grain density, absorbability and mechanical parameters of concrete, were presented. Scanning microscope images for aggregate made from plastic waste and for concrete with its content were also presented. The use of pro-ecological aggregate for lightweight concrete will have a positive impact on protection of natural environment.

3

Perspektywy zastosowania betonu hydraulicznego w budownictwie pozaziemskim ze względu na konsystencję mieszanki

Mrozek Magdalena, Mrozek Dawid

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 9-10

73--76

PL

Jednym z istotnych problemów przy projektowaniu bazy pozaziemskiej jest dobór odpowiedniego materiału konstrukcyjnego. Autorzy niniejszego artykułu przygotowują się do serii badań materiałów, których podstawą byłby symulant regolitu. Są one jednak kosztowne i wymagają dobrego przygotowania. Pierwszym etapem jest przeprowadzenie badań materiału znanego i łatwo dostępnego, jakim jest beton, w warunkach obniżonego ciśnienia. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki testów odpowiadających na pytanie, w jaki sposób konsystencja mieszanki betonowej dojrzewającej w próżni wpływa na parametry stwardniałego betonu, takie jak gęstość oraz wytrzymałość na ściskanie.

EN

One of the significant problems in the design of an extraterrestrial habitat is the selection of a suitable structural material. The authors of this paper are preparing for a series of material tests based on a regolith simulant. However, these are expensive and require good preparation. The first step is to test a material that is known and readily available, such as concrete, under reduced pressure. This article presents the results of experiments answering the question: how does the consistency of a concrete mixture matured in a vacuum affect the parameters of the hardened concrete, such as density and compressive strength.

4

Influence of the non-equilibrium state of real gases on their properties

Aliyev Vasif I., Aslanov Jamaladdin N., Nabiev Nadir I., Rahimova Mahluqa S.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 2

84--95

EN

This scientific work presents a study of areas of application and improvement for the Clapeyron–Mendeleev equation to determine the technological parameters of natural and associated petroleum gas under field conditions. As a result of scientific and practical research and laboratory work, the authors, based on the molecular kinetic theory of gases, developed and improved the Clapeyron– Mendeleev equations of state of real gases by adding some genuine parameters for natural and associated petroleum gases produced from oil and gas condensate fields. In this regard, two additional parameters are introduced in the Clapeyron–Mendeleev equation-relative density and relative velocity of gas: and this, as a new scientific result, helps determine any parameter from the seven included in the equation of state of natural and associated petroleum gases developed by the authors. Continuous technological process according to the system of “production, collection, preparation and transportation of products (oil + gas)”, including, separately in non-equilibrium conditions of “collection, preparation and transportation of gas” due to internal energy, causes a natural change in a wide range of basic technological parameters that contribute to frequent changes in the physical and chemical state of the gas. Therefore, this work establishes that one of the main tasks is to show the composition of natural and associated petroleum gas as a result of irreversible transformations of hydrocarbon and acidic components of its internal energy, as a result of which the gas is characterised by a number of patterns in the composition and distribution of components of various hydrocarbon and heterogeneous compositions (i.e., physically and chemically heterogeneous). In these conditions, a practical calculation of gas facilities (gas treatment point, selection of gas separators, field gas pipelines, compressor stations) is carried out to determine process parameters using the Clapeyron–Mendeleev equation of state for real gases, and the results show large errors. This proves once again that many authors have developed equations of state for real gases based on the results of laboratory studies with single-atomic and laboratory gases (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.). However, the authors here carried out laboratory studies with products and associated petroleum gas. According to the results of laboratory studies, the authors recommend an improvement of the equation of state of natural and associated petroleum gases.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono studium obszarów zastosowania i doskonalenia równania Clapeyrona–Mendelejewa do wyznaczania parametrów technologicznych gazu ziemnego i towarzyszącego gazu ropopochodnego w warunkach złożowych. W wyniku badań naukowych i praktycznych oraz prac laboratoryjnych autorzy, w oparciu o molekularną teorię kinetyczną gazów, opracowali i udoskonalili równania stanu gazów rzeczywistych Clapeyrona–Mendeleeva poprzez dodanie niektórych parametrów rzeczywistych dla gazu ziemnego i towarzyszących gazów ropopochodnych wydobywanych ze złóż ropnych i kondensatowych. W związku z tym do równania Clapeyrona– Mendeleeva wprowadzono dwa dodatkowe parametry – gęstość względną i prędkość względną gazu, co, jako nowy wynik naukowy, pozwala na wyznaczenie dowolnego parametru z siedmiu parametrów zawartych w opracowanym przez autorów równaniu stanu gazu ziemnego i towarzyszącego gazu ropopochodnego. Ciągły proces technologiczny zgodnie z systemem „produkcji, odbioru, przygotowania i transportu produktów (ropa + gaz)”, w tym osobno w warunkach nierównowagi „odbioru, przygotowania i transportu gazu”, ze względu na energię wewnętrzną powoduje naturalną zmianę w szerokim zakresie podstawowych parametrów technologicznych, które przyczyniają się do częstych zmian stanu fizykochemicznego gazu. Dlatego też przedmiotowa praca jako jedno z głównych zadań stawia przedstawienie składu gazu ziemnego i towarzyszącego mu gazu ropopochodnego powstałego w wyniku nieodwracalnych przemian węglowodorowych i kwasowych składników jego energii wewnętrznej, w wyniku czego gaz ten charakteryzuje się szeregiem prawidłowości pod względem składu i rozprzestrzenienia poszczególnych składników węglowodorowych (o niejednorodnym składzie pod względem fizycznym i chemicznym). W tych warunkach przeprowadzono praktyczne obliczenia dla instalacji gazowych (punkt uzdatniania gazu, dobór separatorów gazu, gazociągi terenowe, tłocznie) w celu określenia parametrów technologicznych z wykorzystaniem równania stanu Clapeyrona–Mendelejewa dla gazów rzeczywistych. Wyniki wykazują duże błędy. Dowodzi to po raz kolejny, że wielu autorów opracowało równania stanu dla gazów rzeczywistych na podstawie wyników badań laboratoryjnych z gazami jednoatomowymi i laboratoryjnymi (wodór, azot, tlen, dwutlenek węgla itp.). Natomiast obecnie autorzy przeprowadzili badania laboratoryjne z udziałem eksploatowanych węglowodorów i towarzyszącego im gazu ropopochodnego. Na podstawie wyników badań laboratoryjnych autorzy zalecili korektę równania stanu dla gazu ziemnego i towarzyszących mu gazów ropopochodnych.

5

Manufacture of Clay Aggregate Doped with Pozzolan Destined for Lightweight Concrete

Mesrar Hamza, Mesrar Laila, Touache Abdelhamid, Jabrane Raouf

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

349--359

EN

In this work, marl clay was used because these materials have a very important industrial potentiality in several fields, namely ceramics. The objective was manufacturing expanded clay aggregate (ECA), with two main ingredients of marl and pozzolan at different percentages in order to integrate them into the concrete as aggregate. The physicochemical parameters of the mixture marl / Pozzolan was discussed and the results of the analyses, allowed deducing that the sample with 15% pozzolan has the most expansion rate of 16.8%, and its density of 1232 kg/m3 is in accordance with the international standard of expanded aggregates. The density of the concrete decreases with the quantity of ECA added and reaches its minimum with 1671 kg/m3 according to concrete with 50% of the expanded aggregate. The bending tests show the increase of the mechanical strength as a function of the quantities of aggregate added. The results show a very important potential with the addition of clay aggregates, density and water absorption decrease with the increase of the mechanical resistance.

6

The impact of layout and concentration of defects on the electromechanical constraints in the MV cables insulation

Medoukali Hemza, Zegnini Boubakeur

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 2

art. no. 2023206

EN

The problem of the dense presence of voids in the solid insulation of cables remains a concern for researchers in terms of diagnosis and maintenance. The focus of this paper is to investigate the influence of both the layout and density of microcavities on the electrical and electromechanical constraints in the XLPE insulation of MV cables using numerical simulation. The simulation is based on the resolution of Laplace’s equation by the finite element method (FEM) using MATLAB. The electrostatic pressure and the elongation of the microcavities are estimated. This elongation leads to the formation of microchannels and then develops due to partial discharges to arborescence and in the end, the cable becomes out of service. This process takes a long time, so we use simulations to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon in a very short time. The electromechanical constraints are determined for different layouts and densities of microcavities.

7

Effect of sintering temperature and isostatic pressure on selected properties of selected electrical contact materials manufactured by hot isostatic pressing

Kołacz Dariusz, Kulasa Joanna, Krukowski Karol, Hury Anna, Muzia Grzegorz, Osadnik Małgorzata, Kalabis Jarosław

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

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R. 23, nr 2

67--75

EN

This paper presents the results of studies on the consolidation of metallic and composite powders by the hot isostaticpressing (HIP) process intended for electrical contact materials. Ag, Cu metallic powders, as well as AgW48Re2, AgRe1 and CuW47Re3 composite powders were used in the investigations. Green compacts for consolidation and hot sintering under pressure were prepared by double-sided axial pressing in steel dies. The density, electrical conductivity, and hardness were measured on the obtained sinters after the HIP process, and the microstructure was examined on selected ones. The research indicates that applying this technology allows good quality electrical material to be obtained, intended for electrical contact material.

8

Analytical versus experimental investigation of physical and mechanical characteristics of stir cast hybrid aluminium nanocomposite

Kumar Dinesh, Singh Satnam, Angra Surjit

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

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R. 23, nr 3

136--144

EN

Aluminium alloys have good mechanical and physical properties and are lightweight, easy to cast, and simple to machine. Aluminium alloys are widely used in the aviation industry, auto sector, defence sector, and structural industries because of their promising abilities. The fundamental aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties and physical characteristics of a stir cast hybrid aluminium nanocomposite reinforced with 1-3 wt.% cerium oxide (CeO2) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Utilizing SEM, microstructural analysis was carried out. The existence of the elements of the reinforcement in the manufactured nanocomposite specimens was verified using EDAX. With an increase in the reinforcement wt.%, improvements in the mechanical and physical properties were seen. In the hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with 3 wt.% GNPs and 3 wt.% CeO2, a low porosity of 1.06% was observed. The best results for tensile strength, yield strength, and microhardness were 398 MPa, 247 MPa, and 119.6 HV, respectively. The SEM micrographs of the studied materials showed that the reinforcement particles were uniformly dispersed and refined into ultrafine grains.

9

Evaluation of the antiwear properties of timely changed engine oils

Skonieczna Daria, Vrublevskyi Oleksandr, Szczyglak Piotr

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

116--122

EN

The article presents the results of tests, replaced according to the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations, of engine oils. The sample of engine oils in service came from spark-ignition and compression-ignition vehicles used in urban or mixed mode. During their collection, the type of drive unit, the mileage of the car and the number of kilometers the oil was used for were recorded for each sample (this was the main criterion for differentiating samples). In addition, a control group of samples consisting of fresh oils of the same viscosity grade and distributed by the same producer was set up to observe changes in the parameters of individual lubricants after the operating period. The first part of the empirical study consisted of determining the physico-chemical properties of the lubricants, i.e.: kinematic viscosity, density and water content. The second part involved anti-wear tests using a T-02U tribometer. The use of the tribometer made it possible to record the anti-wear parameter, i.e. moment of friction, and also the load imposed on the friction node, as a result of which it was possible to calculate the friction force and friction coefficient. The research was complemented by an analysis of worn surfaces of the friction node on a microscope. The tests carried out can be used for predictive purposes, in terms of assessing the condition of a lubricant subjected to an operating process in an internal combustion engine.

10

Densification and Magnetic Properties of Fe Powder Compacts According to Heat-Treatment Conditions

Yoo Hyo-Sang, Kim Yong-Ho, Kim Cheol-Woo, Son Hyeon-Taek

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

47--50

EN

In this study, the effects of heat-treatment conditions of Fe powder compacts on densification, microstructure, strength and magnetic properties were investigated. The prepared Fe powder was compressed in a mold of diameter 20 mm at a pressure of 800 MPa for 30 sec. This Fe powder compact was heat-treated under different atmospheres (air and 90% Ar + 10% H2 and heat-treatment temperatures (300 and 700℃). The Fe powder compacts heat-treated in an Ar+H2 mixed gas atmosphere showed a denser microstructure and higher density than the Fe powder compacts heat-treated in an air atmosphere. Oxygen content in the heat-treatment conditions played a signiﬁcant role in the improvement of the densiﬁcation and magnetic properties.

11

Selective Laser Melting Process Parameter Optimization on Density and Corrosion Resistance of 17-4PH Stainless Steel

Sahadevan Priya, Pon Selvan Chithirai, Manjunath Patel G. C., Bhaumik Amiya

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

105--116

EN

The 17-4 PH Stainless Steel material is known for its higher strength and, therefore, extensively used to build structures for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy applications. The parts must operate satisfactorily in different environmental conditions to widen the diverse application. The selective laser melting (SLM) technique build parts cost-effectively, ensuring near-net shape manufacturability. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance operating at different conditions were used to develop parts and optimize for higher density in printed parts. Laser power, scan speed, and hatch distance resulted in the percent contribution towards density equal to 73.74%, 24.48%, and 1.78%. The optimized conditions resulted in higher density and relative density equal to 7.76 g/cm3 and 99.48%. Printed parts' corrosion rate and wear loss showed more stability in NaCl corrosive medium even at 75 oC than 1M of HCL corrosive medium. Less pitting corrosion was observed on the samples treated in NaCl solution at 25 oC and 75 oC at 72 Hrs than in HCL solution. Therefore, 17-4 PH SS parts are best suited even in marine applications.

12

Greener, greater and… safer? How COVID-19 pandemic verified New York’s planning strategies

Jasiński Artur, Oktawiec Wojciech

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2022

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T. 50

109--129

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a specific paradox of contemporary urban planning. Cities that since the dawn of civilization have been considered the safest and most attractive human habitats turn into traps in a pandemic. For example New York, the most densely populated city in the United States, became the world’s epicentre of the pandemic in April 2020. Since 1992, successive teams governing the city stimulated proecological planning strategies. From a neglected city, threatened with crime and plagued by terrorism, they turned it into a green metropolis, a symbol of a city of the 21st century. One of the most important planning and urban achievements was the successful revitalization of the post-industrial waterfront piers of Brooklyn and Queens. The rapid growth of bicycle transport stimulated by the planning authorities and supported by the construction of a network of bicycle routes along the main streets and coastal promenades should be noted as well. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the planning transformations in New York on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to answer the question whether they made the city more resilient and safer.

PL

Pandemia COVID-19 obnażyła swoisty paradoks współczesnej urbanistyki. Miasta, które od zarania cywilizacji były uważane za najbardziej bezpieczne i atrakcyjne siedliska ludzkie, podczas pandemii zmieniły się w pułapki. Nowy Jork, najgęściej zaludnione miasto USA, w kwietniu 2020 roku stał się światowym epicentrum pandemii. Specyfika Nowego Jorku wynika m.in. z faktu, że począwszy od 1992 roku władze prowadziły w miarę spójną politykę przestrzenną, co przyczyniło się do całkowitej zmiany wizerunku tej metropolii. Z miasta zaniedbanego, zagrożonego przestępczością działania te uczyniły zieloną metropolię, symbol miasta XXI wieku. Jednym z najważniejszych osiągnięć planistycznych i urbanistycznych była udana rewitalizacja poprzemysłowych nadbrzeży Manhattanu i sąsiadujących z nim nadbrzeży dzielnic Brooklyn i Queens. Odnotować należy także stymulowany przez planistów szybki rozwój komunikacji rowerowej. Celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie, jakie skutki dla przebiegu pandemii COVID-19 miały rezultaty tych przekształceń planistycznych dokonanych w Nowym Jorku w ciągu ostatniego trzydziestolecia, a także odpowiedź na pytanie, czy dzięki nim miasto stało się bezpieczniejsze i bardziej odporne.

13

Wpływ gęstości wełny mineralnej na izolacyjność w warunkach pożarowych

Sulik Paweł

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 7

8--10

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych wpływu dziesięciu typów skalnej wełny mineralnej o różnej gęstości na zdolność izolowania oddziaływań termicznych wywołanych pożarem. Gęstość badanej wełny mineralnej wynosiła 28 - 170 kg/m3, a grubość 50, 100, 150 i 200 mm. Badania potwierdziły, że istnieje zależność pomiędzy zdolnością do izolowania przed temperaturą pożarową a gęstością wełny mineralnej, przy czym zaobserwowano, że w wielu przypadkach wystarczy zastosowanie wełny mineralnej o małej gęstości i odpowiedniej grubości, aby uzyskać oczekiwany poziom bezpieczeństwa pożarowego przegrody.

EN

The paper presents the results of laboratory tests for 10 types of rock mineral wool with different density in the field of fire temperature insulation. The results include densities from 28 to 170 kg/m3, and thicknesses of mineral wool of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm. The tests confirmed the dependence of the density of mineral wool on the effectiveness of insulating fire temperatures, and it has been observed that in many cases it is enough to use mineral wool with a lower density and proper layer thickness to obtain the expected fire safety level of the partition.

14

Właściwości cieplne elementów murowych z ABK

Misiewicz Lech

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 4

64--65

15

Spełnienie przez ABK wymagania podstawowego „Ochrona przed hałasem”

Misiewicz Lech

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

|

nr 8

35--36

16

Gęstość autoklawizowanego betonu komórkowego

Misiewicz Lech

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

|

nr 3

30--31

17

A Novel Approach to Quantifying the Effect of the Density of Sand Cores on Their Gas Permeability

Sundaram Dinesh, Svidró József Tamás, Svidró Judit, Diószegi Attila

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 6, no. 2

33--38

EN

The density of moulding mixtures used in the foundry industry plays a significant role since it influences the strength, porosity, and permeability of moulds and cores. The latter is routinely tested in foundries using different solutions to control the properties of the moulding materials that are used to make moulds and cores. In this paper, the gas permeability of sand samples was measured using a custom-made setup to obtain the gas permeability in standard units instead of the usual permeability numbers (PN) with calibrated units. The aim of the work was to explore the effect of density variations in moulding materials on their gas permeabilities. Permeability in this work is quantified in SI units, square metres [m2]. The setup works based on Darcy’s law and the numbers obtained from the measurements can be used to deduce the gas permeability, k, of a sample. Two furan resin bonded mixtures with the same grain size distribution were hand-rammed with varying compaction forces to obtain a variation in density. Cylindrical samples (50 × 50 mm) were prepared using a silica sand aggregate sourced from a Swedish lake. The results of the measurement provided the difference in gas permeability between the samples that have varying densities. The results of permeability were then extrapolated by modifying the viscosity value of the air passed through the sample. In order to find the effect of apparent density variation on the pore characteristics of the samples, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was also performed. The results were in line with the gas permeability measurements.

18

Four-parameter electromagnetic method for determining the parameters of brewery effluents

Sebko V. V., Pyrozhenko Ye. V., Zashchepkina N. M., Zdorenko V. G., Markina O. M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 113, nr 2

49--64

EN

Purpose: of the article is to study a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from a microbrewery based on a magnetic flux probe (MFP), which considers the influence of informative parameters of beer effluents on the components of the amplitude and phase signals of a multiparameter device. Design/methodology/approach: The implementation of the four-parameter method is carried out on the basis of the dependences G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) at two frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 and f1 for acid, alkaline and average effluent and allows you to jointly determine the four parameters of effluent samples with the same converter in the same control area. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of identifying effluent samples since the obtained multiparameter information makes it possible to determine the nature and properties of effluent samples using only one transducer with certain physical characteristics. The research results lead to the expansion of the technical capabilities of electromagnetic measurement methods, as well as to an increase in the metrological characteristics of electromagnetic transducers and an increase in the accuracy of measuring the parameters of effluent samples compared to reference methods and measuring instruments. Thus, the implementation of this approach contributes to the prediction and prevention of the reasons for the deviation of beer effluent samples from the specified indicators of environmental safety. Findings: The universal conversion functions MFP have been established, connecting the amplitude and phase components of the converter signals with the parameters k, εr, t and ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents. Based on the universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2), a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average effluents from breweries has been developed. When conducting research at two close frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, algorithms were obtained for measuring and calculating procedures for determining k, εr, t and ρ for samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from the brewing industry. Research limitations/implications: Research perspectives consist in the creation of automated systems for multiparameter measuring control of the physicochemical characteristics of acidic and alkaline effluent from food and processing industries based on the immersed electromagnetic transducer. Based on the data obtained using informative methods to measure the parameters of effluent samples, an integrated method for treating beer effluents of various compositions will be proposed. At the same time, the scheme of the integrated treatment method should include a filter that provides the introduction of a magnetic fluid and a separation device that allows us to remove a fraction, including pollution in itself. Practical implications: Is that the proposed four-parameter electromagnetic method makes it possible to determine to what composition the controlled samples of wastewater should be attributed (acidic or alkaline). It, in turn, makes it possible to choose a rational method for treating beer effluents and to prevent the reasons for the deviation of effluent samples from the environmental safety indicators set by the standards. Originality/value: of the article is the research related to the expansion of the functional and technical capabilities of the electromagnetic two-frequency transducer MFP through the implementation of a four-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from breweries. The universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) found in the work at two close magnetic field frequencies, f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, make it possible to control four physicochemical parameters of acidic, alkaline and average wastewater at the same time by the same MFP. An algorithm has been developed for determining the signal components of a two-frequency thermal MFP, the ranges of which correspond to the ranges of changes in electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average brewery effluents. The basic relations that describe the two-frequency four-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurements of the physicochemical parameters of acidic, alkaline and averaged beer effluents have been obtained.

19

Prediction of litho-porosity using incompressibility and rigidity, offshore Niger delta, Nigeria

Nwokoma Esomchi, Agbasi Okechukwu Ebuka, Dinneya Obinna Christian

Geoinformatica Polonica

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2022

|

T. 21

31--42

EN

The computed velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio were used to calculate the pore fluid and lithology content. The gas sand, oil sand, and brine sand were identified using velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio analyses. The velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio study supported the gas sand anticipated by the rock physics analysis using lambda-mho and mu-rho. The velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio analyses were used to better define the wet sand anticipated by the lambda-mho and mu-rho rock physics analyses. Lithology and pore fluid determination are very essential for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. The wet sand from the rock physics analysis of lambda-mho and mu-rho was predicted to comprise oil sand and brine sand. The value of lambda-mho is between 21.74 and 25.67; for mu-rho is between 16.34 to 23.21; for Poisson’s ratio is between 0.25 to 0.29; and for Vp/Vs ratio is between 1.74 to 1.83. These confirm the presence of oil sand in all the seven (7) reservoirs studied in two (2) wells. All the reservoirs fall between the Agbada region (10212.50 – 11741.00 ft) and have a very good net pay zone ranging from 41.50 ft to 193.00 ft in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The obtained velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio were used to calculate the pore fluid content. The gas sand, oil sand, and brine sand were identified using velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio analysis. The velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio studies supported the gas sand anticipated by the rock physics analysis using lambda-mho and mu-rho. The velocity ratio and Poisson’s ratio analyses were used to better define the wet sand anticipated by the lambda-mho and mu-rho rock physics analyses. The moist sand anticipated by the rock physics studies of lambda-mho and mu-rho was oil sand and brine sand.

PL

Do obliczenia zawartości płynu porowego i zbadania litologii zastosowano współczynnik prędkości i współczynnik Poissona. Piaski gazonośne, roponośne i solankonośne zidentyfikowano na podstawie analizy współczynnika prędkości i współczynnika Poissona. Badania w oparciu o współczynnik prędkości i współczynnik Poissona potwierdziły występowanie piasku gazonośnego, na co wskazywała analiza właściwości fizycznych przy użyciu lambda-mho i mu-rho. Analizy współczynnika prędkości i współczynnika Poissona zastosowano dla lepszego zdefiniowania piasku mokrego przewidzianego przez analizy właściwości fizycznych skały za pomocą lambda-mho i mu-rho. Określenie litologii oraz zawartości płynu porowego jest bardzo ważne w procesie poszukiwania i pozyskiwania węglowodorów. W wyniku analizy właściwości fizycznych skały za pomocą lambda-mho i mu-rho przewidziano, że piasek mokry zawiera piaski roponośne i solankonośne. Wartość lambda-mho waha się pomiędzy 21,74 a 25,67; a wartość mu-rho wynosi 16,34 – 23,21; współczynnik Poissona ratio wynosi 0,25 – 0,29; a Vp/Vs waha się pomiędzy 1,74 a 1,83. Potwierdza to obecność piasku roponośnego we wszystkich siedmiu (7) złożach badanych w dwóch (2) odwiertach. Wszystkie złoża znajdują się w regionie Agbada (10212,50 – 11741,00 stóp) i mają bardzo dobrą strefę opłacalności netto – 41,50 do 193,00 stóp w rejonie delty Nigru (Nigeria). Otrzymane współczynniki prędkości i Poissona wykorzystano do wyliczenia zawartości płynu porowego. Piaski gazonośne, roponośne i solankonośne zidentyfikowano na podstawie analizy współczynnika prędkości i współczynnika Poissona. Badania za pomocą współczynników prędkości i Poissona potwierdziły występowanie piasku gazonośnego, przewidzianego przez analizę właściwości fizycznych skały, przy użyciu lambda-mho i mu-rho. Współczynniki prędkości i Poissona wykorzystano dla lepszego określenia piasków mokrych, przewidzianych przez analizy właściwości fizycznych skały, przy użyciu lambda-mho i mu-rho. Najwięcej piasków przewidzianych przez badania nad właściwościami fizycznymi skały, przy użyciu lambda-mho i mu-rho stanowiły piaski roponośne i solankonośne.

20

Research on the Method for Determining the Interaction of Cotton With the Working Bodies of Cotton Gins

Sailov Rahib Aqaqul

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Vol. 30, no. 6

74--79

EN

A theoretical regularity of the general behaviour of raw cotton as a porous medium in the technological processes of its mechanical processing has been substantiated for the first time. The speed of sound in a porous cotton medium has now been determined. The effect of additional force stresses inside the cotton medium caused by the filtration of the air component from cotton raw materials during the introduction of the working body, has been disclosed. A generalized equation that describes the force stress in a cotton medium when exposed to a variety of shapes of working bodies of cotton machines has been worked out. A method for calculating the damage to seeds and cotton fibers caused by their interactions with the working bodies of processing machines has been proposed. The resultant theory that describes the stress state of cotton raw materials during processing allows us to use it practically to solve all important issues pertaining to the damage of fiber and cotton seeds that occur by using technological solutions in primary processing of cotton operations.