Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wybrane przykłady modelowania i analizy strukturalnej problemów decyzyjnych w budownictwie

Śladowski Grzegorz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 1-2

98--102

PL

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na ważny aspekt, jakim jest modelowanie i analiza strukturalna problemów w procesie decyzyjnym. Zaprezentowane podejście systemowe na tle klasycznych wielokryterialnych metod wspomagania decyzji pozwala uwzględnić różne współzależne zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne relacje między kryteriami i wariantami decyzyjnymi, co jest istotne z perspektywy modelowanej rzeczywistości. Przedstawiono podstawowe metody modelowania i analizy struklturalnej, a całość rozważań została poparta wybranymi przykładami problemów decyzyjnych w budownictwie.

EN

This paper notes the important aspect of the modeling and structural analysis of problems in decision making. Against classical multi-criteria decision-making support methods, the presented approach considers different co-dependent external and internal relations between criteria and decision alternatives, which is significant from the standpoint of the reality we aim to model. Essential structural modeling and analysis methods were presented, and the entire discussion was backed by samples of decision problems from the construction sector.

2

Combining predictive distributions of electricity prices : does minimizing the CRPS lead to optimal decisions in day-ahead bidding?

Nitka Weronika, Weron Rafał

Operations Research and Decisions

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2023

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Vol. 33, No. 3

105--118

EN

Probabilistic price forecasting has recently gained attention in power trading because decisions based on such predictions can yield significantly higher profits than those made with point forecasts alone. At the same time, methods are being developed to combine predictive distributions, since no model is perfect and averaging generally improves forecasting performance. In this article, we address the question of whether using CRPS learning, a novel weighting technique minimizing the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS), leads to optimal decisions in day-ahead bidding. To this end, we conduct an empirical study using hourly day-ahead electricity prices from the German EPEX market. We find that increasing the diversity of an ensemble can have a positive impact on accuracy. At the same time, the higher computational cost of using CRPS learning compared to an equal-weighted aggregation of distributions is not offset by higher profits, despite significantly more accurate predictions.

3

Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision Model to Support Product Quality Improvement

Siwiec Dominika, Gawlik Remigiusz, Pacana Andrzej

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2023

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Vol. 14, No. 2

134--149

EN

Improving product quality while making decisions remains a challenge. The objective of this research was to develop a model that supports the precise enhancement of product quality through comprehensive analysis of possibilities, product incompatibilities, root causes, and recommended improvement actions. The model incorporated various tools and methods such as the SMARTER method, expert team selection, brainstorming, Ishikawa diagram, 5M+E rule, FAHP, and FTOPSIS methods. The study demonstrated that integrating quality management tools and decision-making methods into a unified model enables the accurate prioritization of activities for product quality management. This integrated approach represents the novelty of this research. The model was evaluated using a mechanical seal made of 410 alloy. The research findings can be valuable to enterprises seeking to enhance product quality at any stage of production, particularly for modified or new products.

4

Artificial Neural Networks as a Tool for Supporting a Moulding Sand Control System Based on the Dependency between Selected Moulding Sand Properties

Mrzygłód Barbara, Jakubski Jarosław, Opaliński Andrzej, Regulski Krzysztof

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 7, no. 2

15--21

EN

The article presents the potential for using artificial neural networks to support decisions related to the rebonding of green moulding sand. The basic properties of the moulding sand tested in foundries are discussed, especially compactibility as it gives the most information about the quality of green moulding sand. First, the data that can predict the compactibility value without the need for testing are defined. Next, a method for constructing an artificial neural network is presented and the network model which produced the best results is analysed. Additionally, two applications were designed to allow the investigation results to be searchable by determining the range of values of the moulding sand parameters.

5

Decision support for choosing a scenario for organizing urban transport system with share of electric vehicles

Jacyna Marianna, Żochowska Renata, Sobota Aleksander, Wasiak Mariusz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 117

69--89

EN

This article presents the issue of using decision support tools to select the variant of organization of urban transport system. Two scenarios for the use of electric vehicles were compared, considering not only their emissions and fuel consumption but also the limited accessibility of conventional vehicles to the city. The authors assume that the development of urban traffic organization must go hand in hand with the challenges of planning sustainable urban mobility and reducing harmful exhaust fumes. Furthermore, decision-makers should be equipped with simple decision support tools to generate the best option considering the expectations of transport users. The PTV VISUM tool was used to analyse and visualize two different organization scenarios for a selected city in Poland.

6

Determinants of making decisions in improving the quality of products

Siwiec Dominika, Bełch Paulina, Hajduk-Stelmachowicz Marzena, Pacana Andrzej, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

497--507

EN

Purpose: The basic purpose of research was to determine the causes of making the decision that manufacturers on their way to improve the quality of their products. Design/methodology/approach: The research method applied in article is mainly standardized survey research making based on survey conducted in contact and remote way conducted in 78 enterprises in south-eastern Poland. The research process also accompanied analysis of thesource documentation. Findings: It was concluded that decision during improving quality of the product were making mainly in simultaneously with considering customers' requirements of the customers about the quality of the products and the impact of products on the natural environment. Research limitations/implications: Most of the verified enterprises from SMEs are tried integrating qualitative-environmental actions as part of improving the quality of products. This is a favorable condition for further research, so that it is possible to adjust the quality and environmental approach when improving the quality of products in SMEs. Practical implications: Discussion of the results of research have a series of practical implications mainly for product management staff. Especially in organizations that designed new products or also in significant modification of these products. Social implications: Building awareness improves not only quality of products, but also simultaneously in line with sustainable development, including in improving environmental aspects. Originality/value: The article has cognitive value for development of knowledge, science, quality, and environmental in the area of management of products.

7

Approach to predict product quality considering current customers’ expectations

Siwiec Dominika, Pacana Andrzej, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

461--472

EN

Purpose: The purpose was to develop an approach to predict product quality considering current customers' expectations. Design/methodology/approach: The approach includes integrated techniques, i.e.: SMART(-ER) method, a questionnaire with the Likert scale, brainstorming (B&M), WSM method, and Naïve Bayes Classifier. This approach refers to obtaining customers' expectations for satisfaction from the current quality of products and the importance of these criteria. Based on the satisfaction of customers, the quality of the product was estimated and classified. Then, the quality of the product was predicted for current customers. Findings: It was shown that it is possible to predict product quality based on current customer expectations, and so based on the current existing product. Research limitations/implications: The proposed approach does not include the possibilities of determining the expected quality of the product. The approach focuses on predicting customers' satisfaction with the current quality of the product. Therefore, if there is a need for improvement actions, further analyzes should be carried out to determine which criteria should be modified and how. Practical implications: The presented approach can be used for any product. Therefore, it is a useful tool for any kind of organization, which strives to meet customer satisfaction. Despite the possibility to predict the quality of the product, the proposed approach can indicate at an early stage to the organization that it is necessary to make improvement actions. Social implications: It is possible to reduce the waste of resources by predicting that improvement actions are necessary. Moreover, the approach supports an entity (e.g., expert, enterprise, interested parties) in predicting current customers' satisfaction. Originality/value: Originality is predicting product quality based on current customers' expectations. A new combination of quality management techniques, decision support, and machine learning was implemented.

8

Model decyzyjny rozwoju systemu transportowego z zastosowaniem logiki rozmytej

Kaczorek Maciej, Jacyna Marianna

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2022

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nr 6

3--10

PL

Wybór proponowanych do realizacji projektów infrastrukturalnych, które zapewnią osiąganie celów rozwojowych, jest jednym z kluczowych zagadnień planowania. W Polsce, w obszarze strategicznego planowania rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej, metody wspomagania decyzji nie są kompleksowo stosowane. Artykuł ten ma na celu wypełnienie tej luki za pomocą modelu decyzyjnego rozwoju transportu z zastosowaniem logiki rozmytej. Zaprezentowana metoda umożliwia ocenę projektów kolejowych i drogowych względem grupy kryteriów odpowiadających głównym paradygmatom rozwoju, tj. zrównoważonemu rozwojowi i jakości życia. W celu praktycznego zastosowania logiki rozmytej wykorzystano moduł Fuzzy Logic Toolbox dostępny w pakiecie MATLAB. Model rozwoju obejmuje definicję zmiennych lingwistycznych odpowiadających kryteriom decyzyjnym, funkcje przynależności, reguły wnioskowania oraz ocenę wyników. Model został zastosowany do oceny dwóch rzeczywistych projektów infrastrukturalnych w zakresie linii kolejowej i drogi. Rozważania przeprowadzone w tym artykule wskazują na przydatność logiki rozmytej do wspomagania decyzji w planowaniu rozwoju transportu.

EN

The selection of infrastructure projects proposed for implementation that will ensure the achievement of development objectives is one of the key planning issues. In Poland, in the area of strategic planning of infrastructure development, methods of supporting decision-making, are currently not applied comprehensively. The article aims to address this gap with Fuzzy Logic-based Decision Model for Transport System Development. The presented method allows to assess infrastructure development projects in road and rail transport against a number of criteria corresponding to the main development directions, i.e. sustainable development and quality of life. To allow practical application of fuzzy logic, the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package available in the MATLAB environment has been employed. The developed model contains defined linguistic variables reflecting the decision-making criteria, membership functions, inference rules as well as assessment results. Model was applied in two real-life project evaluation cases of rail and road infrastructure projects. The deliberations described in this paper indicate the applicability of fuzzy logic for supporting decision-making in planning transport development.

9

European Union global critical infrastructure safety management system. Research project proposition

Kołowrocki Krzysztof

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2022

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022

79--91

EN

European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Management System (EUSAFEGLOBE) will develop new modelling and assessment methods and tools to create novel comprehensive and coherent methodology for safety and resilience analysis of critical infrastructure with ageing dependent assets under outside extreme events impact. Project results and tools validated in real case studies will be integrated into sectorial safety management systems and risk reduction and accident consequences mitigation management systems for process industry, energy and transport. On the basis of created sectorial management systems and developed systemic approach to critical infrastructure cybersecurity the Early Warning System (EWS) will be designed. Created sectorial management and warning systems and systemic approach to critical infrastructure cybersecurity and training tools developed in the form of Critical Infrastructure Safety and Resilience Training System (CISRTS) will be integrated into the European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Management System (EUGCISMS). EUGCISMS will be provided with clear for users instructions of its applications in all of any-sector critical infrastructures and will be placed at the developed during project implementation the internet interactive platform, to create its final form the European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Internet Interactive Platform (EUGCISIIP). EUGCISIIP will be tested and approved for common use and placed at created the European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Management Centre (EUGCISMC). EUGCISMC will carry permanent education, dissemination and consultancy services to various industry and administration sectors including seminars, conferences, training courses and fully operational interactive internet service as the main gate to all critical infrastructures safety related resources and knowledge and it is planned to be exploited as a validated methodological approach and integrated component for strategic level decision making though the whole EU.

10

Projekt architektury systemu wspomagania decyzji o ewakuacji medycznej

Łubkowski Piotr

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2022

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nr 4

164--167

PL

Współczesne rozwiązania wykorzystywane w środowisku wojskowym oparte są o model architektury korporacyjnej rozumianej jako zbiór właściwości danej organizacji. Ramy architektury korporacyjnej proponowanej do zastosowania w omawianym środowisku wyznacza architektura korporacyjna NATO Architecture Framework w wersji 4. Celem NAFv4 jest zapewnienie standardu opracowywania i opisywania architektury korporacyjnej na potrzeby wojskowe. W artykule zaprezentowano praktyczną implementację NAFv4 w opracowaniu architektury systemu wspomagania decyzji o ewakuacji medycznej, którego ideą jest monitorowaniu parametrów życiowych żołnierza oraz wykorzystanie rozszerzonej świadomości sytuacyjnej do wsparcia procesu decyzyjnego w zakresie skutecznej ewakuacji poszkodowanych nie tylko na polu walki.

EN

Contemporary solutions used in military environment are based on Enterprise Architecture model understood as a set of properties of a given organization. The framework of enterprise architecture proposed for use in this environment is specified by NATO Architecture Framework version 4. The purpose of NAFv4 is to provide a standard for developing and describing enterprise architecture for military purposes. The paper presents practical implementation of NAFv4 in development of decision support system architecture for medical evacuation, which idea is to monitor vital signs of a soldier and use extended situational awareness to support decision making process in effective evacuation of casualties not only on the battlefield.

11

Model optymalizacyjny wspomagający długoterminowe utrzymanie wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych

Bucoń Robert, Czarnigowska Agata

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 12

46--49

PL

W artykule przedstawiono model wspomagający decyzje związane z długoterminowym planowaniem utrzymania budynku mieszkalnego. Zaproponowano sposób kwantyfikacji stanu budynku i algorytm optymalizacji maksymalizujący korzyści działań naprawczych i modernizacyjnych (wyrażone zwiększeniem oceny stanu budynku) przy założeniu minimalizacji kosztu tych działań. Model uwzględnia praktyczne ograniczenia związane z założeniami budżetowymi, kolejnością prac oraz terminami, wspomagając alokację działań w planowanym horyzoncie czasowym. Opracowana metoda została zaimplementowana do postaci komputerowego systemu i może stanowić użyteczne narzędzie wspierania procesu podejmowania decyzji na etapie utrzymania wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych.

EN

The article presents a model to support decisions related to long-term planning of housing maintenance. A method of quantifying the building condition and an optimization algorithm were proposed, maximizing the benefits of repair and modernization activities (expressed by the increment of the building condition assessment) with the assumption of minimizing the cost of these activities. The model takes into account practical constraints related to budget assumptions, sequence of works and deadlines, supporting the allocation of activities in the planned time horizon. The developed methodology was implemented in the form of a computer system and can be regarded as a usefultool for supporting the decision-making process at the maintenance stage of multifamily residential buildings.

12

Fuzzy logic as a decision-making support tool in planning transport development

Kaczorek Maciej, Jacyna Marianna

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

51--70

EN

Deliberations on transport development indicate that planning is its most significant aspect. One of the key issues in planning is selecting infrastructure projects for completion that will contribute to achieving the development objectives. The important functions of planning, as well as its complexity, indicate the need to use solutions in the decision-making support field. In Poland, in the area of strategic planning of infrastructure development, methods of supporting decision-making aimed at selecting infrastructure projects, taking into account their degree of compliance with strategic goals, are currently not applied comprehensively. The paper aims to address this gap with MCDA solution basing on review of literature combined with the authors’ experience in transport planning. Therefore, authors presented a proposed tool for supporting decision-making in planning transport development on a strategic level. The presented method allows for assessing infrastructure development projects in road and rail transport. Such assessments take into account a number of criteria corresponding to the main development directions, i.e. sustainable development and quality of life. Due to the method of formulating development objectives, it has been decided that it will be advantageous to apply fuzzy logic, which enables using natural language in decision-making support systems. To allow practical application of fuzzy logic, the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package available in the MATLAB environment has been employed. The developed model contains a structure along with defined linguistic variables reflecting the decision-making criteria; also, it includes membership functions, inference rules as well as assessment results. The paper also defines the algorithm of decision-making support procedure. For verification purposes, the decision support model was applied in several real-life project evaluation cases, including a variety of projects in construction, development, and renovation of rail and road infrastructure. The deliberations de scribed in this paper indicate the usefulness of fuzzy logic for supporting decision-making in planning transport development. It’s beneficial that the defined criteria can be applied in the case of projects in early preparation phase, enabling their practical application. Implementation of the solution in the MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox enables achieving fast results of the assessment of decision-maker preference level.

13

Human-automation interaction for autonomous ships: decision support for remote operators

Porathe T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 3

511--515

EN

At NTNU in Norway an 8-year research project has been established to (among other things) research the interaction between humans and unmanned, autonomous ships. The human will become even more important when ship operator will be located remotely in shore control centers ashore. This concept paper will take a closer look on remote decision-making by operators monitoring several ships. How can interface design help them to get quickly into-the-loop when something unexpected suddenly happens? I will in this paper suggest keeping a copy of the AI expert-system controlling the ship, updated and running in parallel in the control center to keep the operator’s situation awareness during short communication glitches. Also, to design a “quickly-getting-into-the-loop-display” which automatically will appear in an alarm situation, allowing the operator just-in-time and simple-to-understand information. I will also stress the important of the concept automation transparency.

14

AI for augmenting human judgement in Business Processes Management

Osuszek Łukasz, Stanek Stanisław

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 3(201)

507--518

EN

The paper outlines the recent trends in the evolution of Business Process Management (BPM) – especially the application of AI for decision support. AI has great potential to augment human judgement. Indeed, Machine Learning might be considered as a supplementary and complimentary solution to enhance and support human productivity throughout all aspects of personal and professional life. The idea of merging technologies for organizational learning and workflow management was first put forward by Wargitsch. Herein, completed business cases stored in an organizational memory are used to configure new workflows, while the selection of an appropriate historical case is supported by a case-based reasoning component. This informational environment has been recognized in the world as being effective and has become quite common because of the significant increase in the use of artificial intelligence tools. This article discusses also how automated planning techniques (one of the oldest areas in AI) can be used to enable a new level of automation and processing support. The authors of the article decided to analyse this topic and discuss the scientific state of the art and the application of AI in BPM systems for decision-making support. It should be noted that readily available software exists for the needs of the development of such systems in the field of artificial intelligence. The paper also includes a unique case study with production system of Decision Support, using controlled machine learning algorithms to predictive analytical models.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze trendy w ewolucji zarządzania procesami biznesowymi – zwłaszcza zastosowanie sztucznej inteligencji do wspomagania decyzji. Sztuczna inteligencja ma ogromny potencjał, by wzmocnić ludzki osąd. Uczenie maszynowe może być uważane za dodatkowe i uzupełniające rozwiązanie zwiększające i wspierające produktywność ludzi we wszystkich aspektach życia osobistego i zawodowego. Idea łączenia technologii uczenia się organizacji i zarządzania przepływem pracy została przedstawiona przez Wargitscha. Ukończone sprawy biznesowe przechowywane w pamięci organizacyjnej służą do konfigurowania nowych przepływów pracy. Wybór odpowiedniego przypadku historycznego jest poparty komponentem wnioskowania opartym na przypadkach. To środowisko informacyjne zostało uznane na świecie ze względu na znaczny wzrost wykorzystania narzędzi sztucznej inteligencji. Istnieje duża liczba kwalifikujących się do użycia i łatwo dostępnych algorytmów na potrzeby rozwoju systemów sztucznej inteligencji wspierającej procesy biznesowe. W tym artykule omówiono także, w jaki sposób można zastosować techniki automatycznego planowania (jeden z najstarszych obszarów AI), aby umożliwić nowy poziom automatyzacji i wsparcia przetwarzania. Wdrożenie sztucznej inteligencji wykazuje znaczące wyniki, szczególnie w celu uzyskania wyższego zysku. Autorzy artykułu postanowili przeanalizować ten temat i omówić stan wiedzy naukowej oraz zastosowanie sztucznej inteligencji w systemach BPM do wspomagania decyzji. Artykuł zawiera także unikalne studium przypadku z systemem produkcji wspomagania decyzji, wykorzystujące algorytmy kontrolowanego uczenia maszynowego do predykcyjnych modeli analitycznych.

15

Towards cognitive decision support: A model of behavioural assessment of multi-criteria methods

Roszkowska Ewa, Wachowicz Tomasz

Control and Cybernetics

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 1

145--168

EN

The Negotiation Support Systems often implement multiple criteria decision aiding (MCDA) techniques for building a negotiation scoring system. Those formal models should meet the needs, motivations, expectations, and cognitive abilities of users. In this paper, we try to explore the effects of decision maker’s subjective perception of ease of use, time requirements, interface, preference representation, and efficiency of a particular MCDA method on the choice regarding the future use of this method. The multinomial logistic regression model is built and analysed. The analysis is based on data from online decision making experiments, where three MCDA methods were implemented, i.e. AHP, SMART, and TOPSIS. The study provides several interesting findings, concerning the behavioural aspects of multiple criteria decision aiding in software support systems. Most of the users recommended TOPSIS as the best one for supporting decisions in the future. This is a fast technique, for which we used an attractive graphical interface, suggesting that these factors play a crucial role in the users’ choices. However, the causative regression model showed that the user’s positive experience in using a particular method, i.e. its effectiveness in solving an exemplary numerical case, has the highest impact on the method’s choice for future use. The second most important factor is the adequacy in representing the user’s preferences by this method. We show, however, that the strengths of effects and their significance may vary across the methods. Understanding the decision maker’s evaluations of the MCDA techniques may help build a cognitive negotiation support system that satisfies the user’s expectations.

16

Design science research approach in studying e-negotiations: models, systems, experiments

Wu ShiKui

Control and Cybernetics

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 1

33--50

EN

Inspired and led by Dr. Gregory E. Kersten, a number of research projects have been conducted at the InterNeg Research Centre. This paper intends to acknowledge Dr. Kersten’s unique role as a pioneer in e-negotiation research, particularly in exploring and integrating various elements in e-negotiations. From the design science research perspective, this paper reviews a series of relevant research works in e-negotiation modeling, system design and development, and experimental studies. This provides an integrative view of interconnected elements in this field, and also helps framing the various studies into different aspects and stages of e-negotiation research. The paper then suggests several guidelines and directions for future design science research in e-negotiations.

17

Integration of solutions and services for multi-omics data analysis towards personalized medicine

Reska Daniel, Czajkowski Marcin, Jurczuk Krzysztof, Boldak Cezary, Kwedlo Wojciech, Bauer Witold, Koszelew Jolanta, Kretowski Marek

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 41, no. 4

1646--1663

EN

Current advances in high-throughput and imaging technologies are paving the way next-generation healthcare, tailored to the clinical and molecular characteristics of each patient. The Big Data obtained from these technologies are of little value to society unless it can be analyzed, interpreted, and applied in a relatively customized and inexpensive way.We propose a flexible decision support system called IntelliOmics for multi-omics data analysis constituted with well-designed and maintained components with open license for both personal and commercial use. Our proposition aims to serve some insight how to build your own local end-to-end service towards personalized medicine: from raw data upload, intelligent integration and exploration to detailed analysis accompanying clinical medical reports. The high-throughput data is effectively collected and processed in a parallel and distributed manner using the Hadoop framework and user-defined scripts. Heterogeneous data transformation performed mainly on the Apache Hive is then integrated into a so called ‘knowledge base’. On its basis, manual analysis in the form of hierarchical rules can be performed as well as automatic data analysis with Apache Spark and machine learning library MLlib. Finally, diagnostic and prognostic tools, charts, tables, statistical tests and print-ready clinical reports for an individual or group of patients are provided. The experimental evaluation was performed as part of the clinical decision support for targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. The system managed to successfully process over a hundred of multi-omic patient data and offers various functionalities for different types of users: researchers, bio-statisticians/bioinformaticians, clinicians and medical board.

18

Information and Decision System Supporting the Production of ADI Cast Iron Products

Opaliński Andrzej, Wilk-Kołodziejczyk Dorota

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2021

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Vol. 66, iss. 2

651--657

EN

The presented article concerns the issue of supporting the ADI cast iron product manufacturing process and presents an IT system dedicated mainly to designers and technologists. Designers can be supported at the stage of selecting types of materials and technologies (including ADI cast iron) to produce products with required properties. Technologists can obtain support in determining the parameters (temperature and chemical) of the ADI cast iron manufacturing process in order to obtain products with specific properties. The system also contains an information resources (standards, documentation, examples) concerning ADI cast iron and products made of it. Examples of use by individual system users are presented as a case study.

19

The significance of the innovation cycle for better innovation policies for SMES at the firm level: a conceptual proposition

Nowakowski Paweł

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2020

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nr 3

45--56

EN

Introduction/background: This paper’s aim is to contribute to overcoming the limitations of existing policies intended to facilitate innovativeness. This article addresses the need for more tailored and targeted innovation support measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to help maximize their economic and societal impact. Aim of the paper: Specifically, the aim is to advance methodological frameworks for segmenting or selecting innovative SMEs by providing a conceptual proposition based on the innovation cycle at the firm level. Materials and methods: This objective is achieved by exploring the literature on the innovation cycle concept, and adapting the model developed by Abernathy and Utterback (the A–U model) for the purpose of innovation policy. Particular phases of the innovation cycle are transformed into variables and values, and based on the research regarding the behaviour of SMEs illustrative weights are assigned; this assignment depends on the preferred policy approach: either supporting innovativeness in and of itself or supporting innovativeness and an SME’s standing in the long run. Results and conclusions: As a result, the paper presents a tentative working procedure for assessing enterprises according to operationalized criteria derived from the A–U model. Added to this, collaborative efforts in developing innovations are briefly discussed from the innovation policy perspective. It is believed that the new conceptual proposition outlined in the paper will be instrumental in segmenting companies and selecting innovative projects, and will serve policy-makers and intervention organizations in the implementation phase of the innovation policy process, thus contributing to a more efficient and transparent allocation of support instruments by public institution.

20

Links between freight trip generation rates, accessibility and socio-demographic variables in urban zones

Gonzalez-Feliu Jesus, Palacios-Argüello Laura, Suarez-Nanez Carlos

Archives of Transport

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2020

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Vol. 53, iss. 1

7--20

EN

This paper proposes an assessment of the links between freight trip generation (FTG) rates and accessibility. First, the paper overviews the background, sets the context and motivates the research. Second, it presents the proposed methodology, which combines an FTG model, two accessibility indicators and a linear regression analysis to assess the relationships between freight trip demand and a set of socio-demographic variables including accessibility. The FTG modelling framework, adapted from previous works, allows estimating the number of freight trips with a small amount of standard data, even when no surveyed data is available. The two gravity accessibility indexes, one potential and one exponential, are defined in the continuity of recent freight accessibility works. To those indicators, a set of socio-demographic variables, including population, area or a zone (or density), are introduced. The relationships between FTG and all those variables are assessed via standard linear regression methods completed by the verification of the corresponding linear relationship hypotheses. Third, the framework is applied to the urban area of Lyon (France), where no urban goods survey data is available. Results show that potential accessibility seems to have a better correlation to FTG and could be a good decision support indicator when combined with the population as an explanatory variable. The population can be added to accessibility as an explanatory variable, the resulting models with two variables have a slightly lower accuracy but remains close to that of models with only accessibility as an explanatory variable. This work remains exploratory and finishes by proposing practical implications and further development lines.