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1

Empirical Study on the Effect of Tungsten Carbide Grain Size on Wear Resistance, Cutting Temperature, Cutting Forces and Surface Finish in the Milling Process of 316L Stainless Steel

Franczyk Emilia, Małek Marcin

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 6

367--377

EN

Cutting tools made of the WC-Co sintered carbides are now very popular and are widely used in machining of materials. However, there are numerous problems in this area which require more research and need to be studied further. This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at discovering the impact of the microstructure, particularly of the tool substrate grain size, on the quality of the machined surface, cutting forces and temperature in the cutting zone, as well as the tool life. In addition, the impact of the feed was considered. The machining process involved side milling of a cuboidal block made of the AISI 316L steel which, due to its specific properties, is widely used in many industries. The tools used in the tests had different WC phase grain size: 0.18, 0.28 and 0.31 μm, respectively, and moreover the middle specimen had also a non-homogeneous structure and an increased content of the Co matrix. The tests proved a significant impact of the tool microstructure on the tool life and the roughness parameters Ra and Rz of the machined surface. The impact of the studied factors on the forces and the temperature in the cutting zone was not as strong, because it did not exceed 20%. The value and the novel character of the paper results from the fact that it concerns a specific case: side milling of the 316L steel with the use of the WC-Co sintered carbide tools, and consequently provides a contribution to solve a practical industrial issue.

2

Studying the Behavior of the C45 Material when Changing the Tool Geometry Using the Finite Element Method

Pop Alina Bianca, Sandu Andrei Victor, Sachelarie Adrian, Țîțu Aurel Mihail

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

653--659

EN

Machining with tool that have cutting edge radius provides components with high fatigue strength, microhardness of a large surface layer and plastic deformation. Finite element simulations of the cutting process give a better knowledge of the chip generation phenomenon, heat generation in the machining area, stress and temperature field results. This study emphasizes the true importance of the mathematical model that underlies the shape of the tool in the pre-processing steps of finite element analysis. The argument is that its achievement and definition depend on the network difficulty. This research purpose is to perform simulations series of orthogonal machining with different radius and depth of cut. In this way, conclusions on the impact of these variations on the whole cutting process were drawn. The finite element application used is Deform 2D, the Lagrange incremental method and the Johnson-Cook material model. The temperature distribution, stress distribution, von Mises stress distribution, effects on specific tool pressure and wear, and fluctuations in the cutting resistance of the tool tip and C45 workpiece were analyzed.

3

Machinability Studies on the Turning of Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites

Gobivel K., Vijay Sekar K.S.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

939--948

EN

Magnesium-based MMCs are widely used in structural-based applications due to their lightweight, high hardness, corrosion and wear resistance. Also, machining is an important manufacturing process that is necessary to ensure dimensional accuracy and produce intricate shapes. In this context, the machining of Magnesium based metal matrix composites is undertaken to study the impact of the cutting parameters on the machinability behaviour. In this work, turning of pure Mg/SiCp on a Lathe is done and an in-depth assessment on the machining forces, machined surface quality, chip microstructure, and tool morphology has been carried out using TiAlN coated tooling insert. The analysis revealed that the thrust force decreased due to the thermal softening of the matrix meanwhile the feed force also followed the similar trend at higher cutting speeds because of the minimized built-up edge and cutting depth whereas principal cutting force was inconsistent at higher cutting speeds. The surface finish was better at high cutting speed - low feed combination. The chip microstructure revealed that gross fracture propagation at the free surface and variations in the shear bands have occurred at different cutting speeds. Tool studies using SEM analysis revealed wear modes like chipping and built-up edge at low cutting speeds, but with a reduced impact at intermediate cutting conditions, whereas abrasion wear was observed predominantly in the tool nose at higher cutting speeds.

4

Experimental Investigations of Tool Wear in Vibration-Assisted Turning of Inconel 718

Dodla Srihari

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

949--953

EN

In the current paper, the effect of tool wear for a constant period of time (360 s) during conventional and ultrasonic assisted machining of Inconel 718 is investigated in terms of cutting forces, temperature, and deviation measurements. For fixed process parameters turning experiments have been performed with and without the application of tangential vibration. Ultrasonic assisted turning (UAT) experiments have been compared with conventional turning (CT). The experimental results reveal that cutting forces and temperature increase linearly in the case of UAT whereas remaining constant in CT for a constant period of time. Besides the tool wear rate in the case of UAT is more than that in the CT.

5

Analysis and prediction of the impact of technological parameters on cutting force components in rough milling of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Kulisz M., Zagórski I., Weremczuk A., Rusinek R., Korpysa J.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 1

art. no. e1, 2022

EN

This paper presents the results of experimental study of the AZ31 magnesium alloy milling process. Dry milling was carried out under high-speed machining conditions. First, a stability lobe diagram was determined using CutPro software. Next, experimental studies were carried out to verify the stability lobe diagram. The tests were carried out for different feed per tooth and cutting speed values using two types of tools. During the experimental investigations, cutting forces in three directions were recorded. The obtained time series were subjected to general analysis and analysis using composite multiscale entropy. Modelling and prediction were performed using Statistica Neural Network software, in which two types of neural networks were applied: multi-layered perceptron and radial basis function. It was observed that milling with high cutting speed values allows for component values of cutting force to be lowered as a result of the transition into the high-speed machining conditions range. In most cases, the highest values for the analysed parameters were recorded for the component Fx, whereas the lowest were recorded for Fy. Additionally, the paper shows that a prediction (with the use of artificial neural networks) of the components of cutting force can be made, both for the amplitudes of components of cutting force Famp and for root mean square Frms.

6

Cutting Mechanics when Turning Powder Metallurgy Produced Nickel-Cobalt Base Alloy with a Cubic Boron Nitride Insert

Daź Waldemar, Habrat Witold, Tymczyszyn Jarosław, Krupa Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 4

163--175

EN

For the critical aero-engine parts it’s important to understand influence of cutting tools, cutting parameters, tool ware etc. on near surface condition which highly affect fatigue strength and at the same part life-time. New material implemented for the latest designs of aero-engines parts generate challenges for machining processes to fulfil strict requirements of aviation standards. Finish machining is the most important stage of process influencing fatigue strength. cBN tool are often used for final stage of machining. The objective of this study was analysis of cutting mechanics during finish turning of modern nickel-cobalt based alloy with cBN insert. Observations of cutting tool wear and cutting parameters influence on the components of cutting force, surface roughness and residual stress are presented in this paper.

7

Determination of Coal Cutting Forces Using the Cutting Head of POU-BW/01-WAP Device

Biały Witold, Fries Jiri, Galecki Greg

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 4, Iss. 1

281--289

EN

The paper presents a method for measuring and recording the forces involved in the coal cutting process. Moreover, a method for visualization of all forces involved in the cutting process was described. In the following part, the construction and principle of operation of a device for determination of forces involved in the cutting process (coal mining), referred to by the author as POU-BW/01-WAP, are presented. Resistance extensometry was used to measure the forces. This is the only device in the world that determines two of three force components that take part in the cutting process. For this purpose, two independent measuring blocks were used, which are strain gauges of force: cutting (Fs) and knife pressure (Fd). In order to register these forces, a real mining knife used in longwall shearer drums was applied – i.e. tangential-rotary. The equipment has the ATEX certificate allowing for operation in real conditions as a device intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres – in accordance with the directive 94/9/EC. It has received many awards at world fairs for inventions and innovative solutions.

8

A review of the recent investigations regarding texturized cutting tools

Jarosz Krzysztof

Mechanik

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2021

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R. 94, nr 4

6--9

EN

This paper presents some important, recently performed investigations on the laser texturing technology applied to the PCD and PCBN cutting tools and some resulting process outputs including cutting forces, tool wear indexes concerning both rake and flank tool faces. It was documented that the properly texturized tool faces results in a substantial reduction of cutting forces, elimination of the adhesion interaction between the tool and the chip, and reduction of abrasive and diffusion tool wear. The role of additional lubrication supply to the cutting zone with modified contact properties is discussed.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono kilka ważnych, niedawno przeprowadzonych badań nad technologią teksturowania laserowego zastosowaną w narzędziach skrawających z PCD i PCBN oraz niektóre wynikające z tego procesu wyniki odnośnie do siły skrawania, wskaźników zużycia narzędzia, dotyczące zarówno powierzchni natarcia, jak i powierzchni bocznej narzędzia. Udokumentowano, że odpowiednio teksturowane powierzchnie narzędzi powodują znaczne zmniejszenie sił skrawania, eliminację interakcji adhezyjnej między narzędziem a wiórem oraz zmniejszenie zużycia ściernego i dyfuzyjnego narzędzia. Omówiono rolę dodatkowego doprowadzania smaru do strefy skrawania o zmodyfikowanych właściwościach stykowych.

9

Analysis of the OCHN3MFA steel in terms of cutting forces and cutting material flank wear mechanisms in hard turning processes

Majerík Jozef, Barényi Igor, Pokorný Zdenek, Sedlák Josef, Neumann Vlastimil, David Dobrocký, Jaroš Aleš, Krbata Michal, Jambor Jaroslav, Kusenda Roman, Sagan Miroslav, Procházka Jiri

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 6

art. no. e139203

EN

This article deals with the effect of selected machining parameter values in hard turning of tested OCHN3MFA steel in terms of SEM microstructural analysis of workpiece material, cutting forces, long-term tests, and SEM observations of flank wear VB and crater wear KT of used changeable coated cemented carbide cutting inserts in the processes of performed experiments. OCHN3MFA steel was selected as an experimental (workpiece) material. The selected experimental steel was analyzed prior to hard turning tests to check the initial microstructure of bulk material and subsurface microstructure after hard turning and chemical composition. Study of workpiece material’s microstructure and worn cemented carbide cutting inserts was performed with Tescan Vega TS 5135 scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the X-Ray microanalyzer Noran Six/300. The chemical composition of workpiece material was analyzed with Tasman Q4 surface analyzer. All hard turning experiments of the used specimens were performed under the selected machining parameters in the SU 50A machine tool with the 8th selected individual geometry of coated cementite carbide cutting inserts clamped in the appropriate DCLNR 2525M12-M type of cutting tool holder. During the hard turning technological process of the individual tested samples made of OCHN3MFA steel, cutting forces were measured with a Kistler 9257B piezoelectric dynamometer, with their subsequent evaluation using Dynoware software. After the long-term testing, other experiments and results were also realized, evaluating the influence of selected machining parameters with different cutting insert geometry on the achieved surface quality.

10

Multiobjective Performance Investigation of CNT Coated HSS Tool Under the Response Surface Methodology Platform

Chandru Manivannan, Selladurai Velappan, Venkatesh Chenrayan

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2021

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Vol. 66, iss. 2

627--635

EN

The present research employs the statistical tool of response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the machining characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated high-speed steel (HSS) tools. The methodology used for depositing carbon nanotubes was Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). Cutting speed, thickness of cut, and feed rate were chosen as machining factors, and cutting forces, cutting tooltip temperature, tool wear, and surface roughness were included as machining responses. Three-level of cutting conditions were followed. The face-centered, Central Composite Design (CCD) was followed to conduct twenty number of experiments. The speed of cutting and rate of feed have been identified as the most influential variables over the responses considered, followed by the thickness of cut. The model reveals the optimized level of cutting parameters to achieve the required objectives. The confirmation experiments were also carried out to validate the acceptable degree of variations between the experimental results and the predicted one.

11

The decisive impact of microstructure on the machinability of pure copper

Sun Xiaoxiang, Ebrahimi Mahmoud, Attarilar Shokouh

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 3

852--860

EN

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials have been of great attention due to their considerable behavior compared to coarse-grained counterparts. Also, the machinability of these UFG materials is of great importance because of the machining significance in manufacturing the final shape of industrial components. Hence, this study dealt with machinability in relation to the microstructure and mechanical properties of the UFG pure copper processed by the twist extrusion. The remarkable microstructure evolution through the dynamic recrystallization mechanisms improved the tensile strengths and hardness of the twist extrusion processed pure copper. Also, the reduction of ductility in the UFG copper compared to the initial state was related to the change of tensile fractography mechanism in which the large and deep dimples transformed into the combined small and shallow dimples with some cleavage planes in the UFG copper. Furthermore, the enhanced machinability of the processed sample was related to its lower thermal conductivity and the development of strain localization within the narrow shear bands which lead to the production of discontinuous short chips. Hence, the formation of the UFG structure is a suitable option to attain the enhanced machinability behavior of copper as one of the most used metals.

12

Modelling of nitrogen multi-energy ion implantation into WC-Co indexable knives for wood-based materials machining

Barlak Marek, Wilkowski Jacek, Werner Zbigniew

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2020

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No. 111

100--115

EN

Cutting forces during drilling and selected physical and mechanical properties of the finish coating based on epoxy resin. Paper presents selected tests of epoxy resin coating applied to American walnut wood (Juglans nigra L.). The aim of the study was to assess the machinability of wood flooded with resin during drilling. The axial forces and torque values were adopted for the machinability criteria. The idea of the research was the thesis questioning the possibility of processing epoxy resin coatings with the application of tools and parameters used during wood processing. In addition, the influence of UV light on the obtained coating was examined and abrasion tests were carried out. It was found the resin changes its colour under the influence of UV radiation, but the change is imperceptible to an average observer. Epoxy resin is characterized by low abrasion resistance compared to commonly used paint and varnish coatings. Although solid resin is characterized by high cutting resistance while drilling, the force values do not exceed the commonly cut wood-based materials.

PL

Siły skrawania podczas wiercenia oraz wybrane właściwości fizyko-mechaniczne powłoki wykończeniowej na bazie żywicy epoksydowej. W pracy przedstawiono wybrane badania powłoki z żywicy epoksydowej naniesionej na drewno orzecha amerykańskiego (Juglans nigra L.) Celem pracy była ocena skrawalności żywicy epoksydowej oraz drewna pokrytego żywicą epoksydową podczas wiercenia. Za kryterium skrawalności przyjęto wartości siły osiowej oraz momentu obrotowego. Genezą badań była teza stawiająca pod znakiem zapytania możliwość obróbki powłok z żywicy epoksydowej przy pomocy narzędzi i parametrów stosowanych podczas obróbki drewna. Ponadto zbadano wpływ światła UV na uzyskaną powłokę oraz przeprowadzono badania ścieralności. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że pod wpływem promieniowania UV żywica zmienia swoją barwę, jednak zmiana jest niezauważalna dla przeciętnego obserwatora. Żywica epoksydowa charakteryzuje się niską odpornością na ścieranie w odniesieniu do powszechnie stosowanych powłok malarsko lakierniczych. Mimo iż lita żywica epoksydowa charakteryzuje się wysokimi wartościami siły osiowej i momentu obrotowego podczas wiercenia, jednak wartości sił nie wykraczają poza powszechnie skrawane materiały drewnopochodne.

13

Cutting forces during drilling and selected physical and mechanical properties of the finish coating based on epoxy resin

Białowąs Barbara, Szymanowski Karol

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2020

|

No. 111

106--115

EN

Cutting forces during drilling and selected physical and mechanical properties of the finish coating based on epoxy resin. Paper presents selected tests of epoxy resin coating applied to American walnut wood (Juglans nigra L.). The aim of the study was to assess the machinability of wood flooded with resin during drilling. The axial forces and torque values were adopted for the machinability criteria. The idea of the research was the thesis questioning the possibility of processing epoxy resin coatings with the application of tools and parameters used during wood processing. In addition, the influence of UV light on the obtained coating was examined and abrasion tests were carried out. It was found the resin changes its colour under the influence of UV radiation, but the change is imperceptible to an average observer. Epoxy resin is characterized by low abrasion resistance compared to commonly used paint and varnish coatings. Although solid resin is characterized by high cutting resistance while drilling, the force values do not exceed the commonly cut wood-based materials.

PL

Siły skrawania podczas wiercenia oraz wybrane właściwości fizyko-mechaniczne powłoki wykończeniowej na bazie żywicy epoksydowej. W pracy przedstawiono wybrane badania powłoki z żywicy epoksydowej naniesionej na drewno orzecha amerykańskiego (Juglans nigra L.) Celem pracy była ocena skrawalności żywicy epoksydowej oraz drewna pokrytego żywicą epoksydową podczas wiercenia. Za kryterium skrawalności przyjęto wartości siły osiowej oraz momentu obrotowego. Genezą badań była teza stawiająca pod znakiem zapytania możliwość obróbki powłok z żywicy epoksydowej przy pomocy narzędzi i parametrów stosowanych podczas obróbki drewna. Ponadto zbadano wpływ światła UV na uzyskaną powłokę oraz przeprowadzono badania ścieralności. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że pod wpływem promieniowania UV żywica zmienia swoją barwę, jednak zmiana jest niezauważalna dla przeciętnego obserwatora. Żywica epoksydowa charakteryzuje się niską odpornością na ścieranie w odniesieniu do powszechnie stosowanych powłok malarsko lakierniczych. Mimo iż lita żywica epoksydowa charakteryzuje się wysokimi wartościami siły osiowej i momentu obrotowego podczas wiercenia, jednak wartości sił nie wykraczają poza powszechnie skrawane materiały drewnopochodne.

14

Experimental Investigation of Cutting Forces in High-Feed Milling of Titanium Alloy

Petrů Jana, Drábek Lukáš, Hajnyš Jiří, Jurok Dalibor, Pagáč Marek, Měsíček Jakub

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 1

89--95

EN

Titanium super alloys are often used in the chemical and aerospace industries, especially because of financial savings, resulting primarily from cheaper operation of equipment. Machinability of titanium alloys is more difficult than that of other metals. In addition, the low thermal conductivity causes the alloy to stick to the cutting edge of the cutting tool, thereby causing it to become dull faster. The article deals with the experimental evaluation of cutting forces and the design of suitable cutting parameters for the machining of the UNS R56260 titanium alloy with high-feed milling technology. Testing was carried out in climb and conventional milling under different cutting conditions. The cutting components of forces Fx, Fy, Fz were measured and evaluated. The results of the measurements were processed into a graphical form and suitable cutting conditions were designed in terms of the acting cutting forces.

15

Effectiveness of Diamond Blades in the Turning of Aluminium Composites

Karolczak Paweł, Kołodziej Marek, Kowalski Maciej

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 4

262--272

EN

Owing to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio aluminium composite materials are very readily used in the construction of means of transport. The parts made of such materials must be characterized by high reliability and workmanship. Hence, machining is the predominant method of manufacturing parts from composites. The problem with the turning, milling and drilling of ceramic-reinforced composites is the abrasive action of the reinforcement, resulting in heavy wear of the blades and so in lower surface quality and dimensional-shape accuracy and higher manufacturing costs. A solution to this problem can involve the blades made of superhard materials or properly matched conditions of machining with sintered carbide blades. This paper presents the results of the turning tests carried out on an aluminium composite material reinforced with long ceramic fibres. An uncoated sintered carbide blade is compared with a diamond coated blade and a polycrystalline diamond blade. Post-turning surface roughness and machining forces were selected as the main indicators of cutting ability. The effect of the blades on the forming chips is shown and the higher resistance of the polycrystalline diamond blades to the abrasive action of the reinforcing fibres is confirmed by microscopic photographs. Besides the confirmation of the higher durability of the diamond blades, the conditions in which when using these blades one can achieve better machining effects than the ones achievable by the compared tools are defined. Moreover, it is shown that by properly matching the machining parameters and aiding machining with oil mist lubrication, it is possible to obtain excellent surface quality by means of carbide blades. The minimum quantity lubrication also increases the life of the blades.

16

The experimental determination of cutting forces in a cutting zone during the orthogonal turning of a GRADE 2 titanium alloy tube

Ślusarczyk Łukasz, Franczyk Emilia

Technical Transactions

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2019

|

Vol. 116, iss. 8

183--194

EN

This article presents the results of laboratory tests involving the measurement of cutting forces during the orthogonal turning of a tube made of GRADE 2 titanium alloy. The nominal diameter of the turned tube was D = 60 mm, and its wall thickness was 2.77 mm. For research purposes, a Kennametal chisel with an insert marked A3G0500M05P04DF and a holder marked A3SAR2520M0425-075-100 was used. An experimental research plan for variable cutting parameters (ƒ, νc) was developed according to the Taguchi method and statistical analysis of the results was performed using an ANOVA. Three series of tests were performed, one for each of the three different values of tube wall thickness (ap = 2.77, 1.77, 0.5 mm). In accordance with the prepared test plan, nine trials were conducted within each series. Cutting forces were measured during each test with the use of a 3-axis Kisler 9257B piezoelectric dynamometer. DynoWare computer software was used for the archiving and analysis of measurement results.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań laboratoryjnych pomiaru sił skrawania podczas toczenia ortogonalnego rury z tytanu GRADE 2. Nominalna średnica toczonej rury wynosiła D = 60 mm, natomiast grubość ścianki 2,77 mm. Do badań wykorzystano przecinak firmy Kennametal o oznaczeniu płytki A3G0500M05P04DF, zamontowanej w oprawce A3SAR2520M0425-075-100. Eksperymentalny plan badań dla zmiennych parametrów skrawania (ƒ, νc) opracowano według metody Taguchi, natomiast statystyczne opracowanie wyników wykonano za pomocą analizy ANOVA. W czasie prac zostały przeprowadzone trzy serie prób trzech różnych wartości grubości ścianki rury (ap = 2,77; 1,77; 0,5 mm). W ramach każdej serii zgodnie z opracowanym planem badań wykonano 9 prób. Pomiar sił skrawania był realizowany w każdej próbie za pomocą 3-osiowego siłomierza piezoelektrycznego Kisler 9257B. Do archiwizacji i analizy wyników pomiarów zastosowano program komputerowy DynoWare.

17

Machinability properties of particleboards made with addition of raspberry stem chips (Rubus idaeus L.)

Januszewski Adam, Szymanowski Karol

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2019

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No. 105

71--75

EN

The article describes vulnerability to machinability particleboards with addition raspberry stem chips (Rubus idaeus L.). Machinability can be analyzed with using of numerous machinability indicators. In this article was assumed as machinability criterions, cutting resistance during milling and drilling regards to percentage contribution of raspberry stem chips. The addition of alternative raw material didn’t deteriorated machinability properties based on axial forces during drilling and cutting force during milling. However, at higher amount of mentioned above raw material, increase of torque.

PL

Podatność na obróbkę skrawaniem płyt wiórowych z dodatkiem łodyg maliny właściwej (Rubus idaeus L.). Istnieje wiele kryteriów oceny skrawalności materiałów drewnopochodnych. Jednym z nich są opory skrawania. Artykuł opisuje wpływ dodatku alternatywnego surowca na opory skrawania podczas wiercenia i frezowania. Przeanalizowano zarówno opory skrawania podczas obróbki frezowaniem jak i wierceniem w zależności od zawartości surowca pochodzącego z łodyg maliny właściwej. Dodatek alternatywnego surowca nie spowodował pogorszenia skrawalności określonej na podstawie siły osiowej rejestrowanej podczas wiercenia i sił skrawania występujących podczas frezowania. Zauważono natomiast, że przy wyższej zawartości wspomnianego wcześniej surowca alternatywnego wzrosła wartość momentu obrotowego podczas wiercenia.

18

Experimental determination of forces in a cutting zone durging turning a stainless steel shaft

Ślusarczyk Ł., Franczyk E.

Technical Transactions

|

2018

|

Vol. 115, iss. 8

177--188

EN

The article presents the results of laboratory tests, the aim of which was to measure cutting forces during parallel turning of an AMS 5643 steel bar. The cutting trials were registered with a 3-axis Kisler 9257B piezoelectric dynamometer, and the DynoWare computer program was used to archive and analyse the results. The experimental test plan for variable cutting parameters (vc, ap, f) was created according to the Taguchi method and the statistical analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA . The work involved carrying out 9 tests with the use of an uncoated carbide cutting insert. The obtained test results will be used to specify a simulation model of the cutting process.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań laboratoryjnych pomiaru sił skrawania podczas toczenia wzdłużnego wałka ze stali AMS 5643. Próby skrawne rejestrowano 3-osiowym siłomierzem piezoelektrycznym Kisler 9257B, do archiwizacji i analizy wyników pomiarów zastosowano program komputerowy DynoWare. Eksperymentalny plan badań dla zmiennych parametrów skrawania (vc, ap, f) stworzono według metody Taguchi, a statystyczne opracowanie wyników wykonano za pomocą analizy ANOVA. W ramach prac zostało przeprowadzone 9 testów z zastosowaniem płytki skrwającej weglikowej niepokrywanej. Uzyskane wyniki badań będą wykorzystane do uściślenia modelu symulacyjnego procesu skrawania.

19

Wyznaczanie oporów skrawania w procesie frezowania konwencjonalnego i trochoidalnego

Skorulski G.

Mechanik

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2018

|

R. 91, nr 10

874--876

PL

Wyznaczono oraz przeanalizowano opory skrawania w procesie konwencjonalnego i trochoidalnego frezowania stopu aluminium 2017. Opracowano strategię obróbki i wytyczne do badań oraz zaprezentowano możliwość wykorzystania platformy pomiarowej bazującej na elementach tensometrii oporowej. Przedstawiono analizę wyników obejmujących rozkład składowych sił skrawania w procesach frezowania konwencjonalnego i trochoidalnego, realizowanych przy tych samych parametrach skrawania i tymi samymi narzędziami. Podjęto próbę interpretacji wyników.

EN

Cutting forces in the process of conventional and trochoidal milling of aluminum 2017 alloy were determined and analyzed. A machining strategy, testing guidelines and the possibility of using a measuring platform based on resistance tensometry elements were developed. The paper also presents an analysis of the results concerning the distribution of the cutting forces in the processes of conventional and trochoidal milling, carried out with the same cutting parameters and tools. An attempt was made to interpret the results.

20

Wpływ kąta wyprzedzenia i promienia krzywizny na siły skrawania w pięcioosiowym frezowaniu powierzchni złożonych

Gdula M., Burek J.

Mechanik

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2018

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R. 91, nr 1

18--22

PL

Przedstawiono badania doświadczalne, których celem było sporządzenie wykresów obrazujących wpływ kąta wyprzedzenia oraz promienia krzywizny obrabianego zarysu krzywoliniowego powierzchni złożonej na składowe siły skrawania. Przedmiotem badań doświadczalnych była wypukła oraz wklęsła powierzchnia pióra łopatki turbiny ze stopu Inconel 718. Do ich przeprowadzenia zastosowano frez toroidalny. Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono, że wartości kąta wyprzedzenia w obróbce wypukłej i wklęsłej powierzchni łopatki turbiny powinny być odpowiednio zmieniane w sposób ciągły wraz ze zmianą promienia krzywizny w kierunku posuwu obrabianego profilu powierzchni.

EN

Experimental studies are presented, were conducted that aimed at determining the mathematical models of the influence of the lead angle and the radius of curvature of the profile of machined sculptured surface on the components of the cutting force. The object of the experimental studies was a convex and concave surface of a turbine blade of Inconel 718 alloy. The toroid cutter was used for the tests. Based on the results of the study it was found that the lead angle in the machining of the convex surface and concave turbine blade should be continuously varied with the change of radius of curvature in the direction of the machined surface profile.