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1
EN
Modern integrated information and telecommunication systems are upgraded on a continuous basis. Such systems contain both new and old components. The approaches to developing individual components of access control systems are different in the majority of cases. As a rule, modernization of outdated but efficient systems that have been operating without any failures for long periods of time is economically unfeasible. Such an approach requires that different subsystems function based on shared data. This necessitates the coordination of various access control systems in order to ensure proper information security levels. This article examines how joint functioning of various versions of access control systems deployed in IT and telecommunication spheres may be achieved at the stage of their modernization. Potential ways in which information flows may bypass the security policies of one of the access control systems concerned are determined. The authors discuss traditional access control models. For role-based and thematic access control models, specific hypotheses are formulated to comply with security policies when different versions of access control systems work together. The structure of the model assuming that different versions of access control systems operate jointly has been developed. Based on the model, the necessary and sufficient conditions are determined under which unauthorized information flows are prevented. The security theorem for the joint functioning of different versions of access control systems is presented and proved. The results of the study showed that the methodological basis for coordinating access control models applicable to information and telecommunication systems undergoing modernization consists in observing, separately, the equality of information flows between shared objects in each of the versions of the access control systems. The approaches developed in this article can be extended to combined access control systems.
EN
The article presents theoretical and practical aspects of the operation of a key engineering category, i.e. technical engineering, and its dominant influence on the level of technical and civilisational development in evolving societies. The introduction discusses the concept, role, and place of technical engineering, and the general methodological framework applied in it. It emphasises the strong links between the scientific theoretical foundations of technical engineering and engineering practice, which stem chiefly from societal needs and utilitarian passions of many researchers involved in the creative art of engineering. The following section presents technical and technological assumptions and practical achievements of selected categories of technical engineering, such as: civil, water, military, mechanical, electrical, process, materials, and extreme engineering. The article is a conceptual review and stresses the synergy between science, knowledge, and technology (mainly technical and applied), as well as competences and skills, against the background of utilitarian societal needs.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty funkcjonowania kluczowej kategorii inżynierii, tj. inżynierii technicznej i jej dominujący wpływ na poziom rozwoju techniczno-cywilizacyjnego ewolucyjnie kształtowanych społeczeństw. We wstępie omówiono pojęcie, rolę i miejsce oraz ogólny schemat metodologiczny stosowany w inżynierii technicznej. Podkreślono silne związki naukowych podstaw teoretycznych inżynierii technicznej ze sferą praktyki inżynierskiej, wynikające głównie z potrzeb społecznych, a także utylitarnych pasji wielu badaczy zajmujących się kreatywną sztuką inżynierską. W dalszej części zaprezentowano założenia techniczno-technologiczne i praktyczne osiągnięcia wybranych kategorii inżynierii technicznej, takie jak: inżynieria lądowa, wodna, wojskowa, mechaniczna, elektryczna, procesowa, materiałowa i inżynieria ekstremalna. Praca ma charakter konceptualno-przeglądowy i akcentuje synergię nauki, wiedzy i technologii (głównie technicznej i stosowanej) oraz kompetencji, umiejętności na tle utylitarnych potrzeb społecznych.
EN
The following paper presents the theoretical foundations and selected practical applications of systems engineering. To begin with, the concept and subject of systems engineering is defined and embedded in the family of systems sciences. It also outlines the systems approach methodology applied in the systems engineering and the strong interdependencies that exist between systems theory and the practice of building systems applications. The matter of presenting selected categories of systems engineering, such as requirements engineering, environmental engineering, safety engineering, medical engineering, genetic engineering, management engineering, financial engineering, software engineering and social engineering was pivotal element of the paper. The paper has a form of a synthesis and an overview and contributes to further discussions within the framework of promoting a universal systems approach in the praxeological disciplines of the different categories of technical and non-technical, tangible and intangible, but always innovative and creative engineering.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne i wybrane aplikacje praktyczne inżynierii systemowej. Na wstępie zdefiniowano pojęcie i przedmiot inżynierii systemowej, którą osadzono w rodzinie nauk systemowych. Nakreślono też metodologię podejścia systemowego, wykorzystywaną w nurcie inżynierii systemowej i silne współzależności, jakie istnieją między teorią systemową a praktyką budowania aplikacji systemowych. Szczególny wysiłek został skupiony na prezentacji wybranych kategorii inżynierii systemowej, takich jak: inżynieria wymagań, środowiska naturalnego, bezpieczeństwa, medyczna, genetyczna, zarządzania, finansowa, oprogramowania i społeczna. Praca ma charakter syntetyczno-przeglądowy i stanowi przyczynek do dalszych dyskusji w ramach propagowania uniwersalnego podejścia systemowego w nurcie prakseologicznych dyscyplin różnych kategorii inżynierii technicznej i nietechnicznej, materialnej i niematerialnej, ale zawsze innowacyjnej i kreatywnej.
4
Content available remote Ontology-Based Semantic Checking of Data
EN
Semantic checking of railway infrastructure information support data is one of the ways to improve the consistency of information system data and, as a result, increase the safety of train traffic. Existing ontological developments have demonstrated the applicability of description logic for modelling railway transport, but have not paid enough attention to the data resources structure and the railway regulatory support. In this work, the formalization of the tabular presentation of data and the rules of railway transport regulations is carried out using the example of a connection track passport and temporary speed restrictions using ontological means, data wrangling and extraction tools. Ontologies of the various formats data resources and railway station infrastructure, tools for converting and extracting data have been developed. The semantic checking of the compliance of railway information system data with regulatory documents in terms of the connection track passport is carried out on the basis of a multi-level concretization model and integration of ontologies. The mechanisms for implementing the constituent ontologies and their integration are demonstrated by an example. Further research includes ontological checking of natural language normative documents of railway transport.
EN
The paper presents original research, encompassing the results of analyses of modular building façade solutions, as well as innovative design concepts based on these results by students of the Faculty of Architecture at the Poznań University of Technology. Adapting architecture to climate change is the main objective behind research and innovative designs. Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, thermal comfort of buildings, better thermal environment ergonomics for users of buildings' interiors, increased energy efficiency together with the use of renewable energy sources are major challenges for today's designers. Dealing with rainwater, wind and pressure changes are already absolute necessities. Contemporary trends in modern construction in urban areas were identified on the basis of results of analyses of selected existing buildings, presented using tables, graphs and statistical tools. Conclusions from the demonstrated correlations of quantitative data with social, economic and environmental factors became the basis for the students’ conceptual assumptions. The selected innovative façade designs presented in the article demonstrate a variety of solutions for modern modular systems which protect buildings from excessive sun exposure, help insulation resist external factors, generate energy, ventilate buildings, use pressure differences, collect water, purify air, protect fauna, etc. As a result, the developed concepts may be indicative of a contemporary approach to sustainable building design, based not only on reducing any negative environmental impact and conserving natural resources, but also on designing aesthetic buildings based on classic notions of beauty.
6
Content available Corporate social responsibility concept
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present selected theoretical aspects of the concept of corporate social responsibility and the stakeholder theory that is closely related to it, targeted at liability with respect to specific stakeholder groups. Design/methodology/approach: The literature research and the critical analysis of both, the national and foreign subject literature have been used as the research methodology. Findings: Social responsibility is a concept in compliance with which companies, whilst designing their development strategy, take social groups, i.e. interests of selected groups of stakeholders, into account in their activities. This requires identification of diverse stakeholder groups, determination of the degree of their significance and proper management of relations with them. Thus, the concept of social responsibility is a process as part of which the companies manage their relations with stakeholders who may influence their economic success. Practical implications: The practical implications concern taking into consideration the application of the CSR principles in managers’ decisions and treating the conception in strategic aspects. Originality/value: The discussed issue belongs to one of the newest trends in management sciences and fits into the current conception of sustainable development. Proper integration of social values with the strategy allows developing and maintaining long-term competitive advantage. Therefore, the CSR conception is a long-term process of managing relations with groups of stakeholders in order to generate value for them and for enterprises’ owners.
EN
The article presents a semantic analysis of the concept of inclusion, which – treated as the central category for Goal 16 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations) – requires further definition. Initially, I outline the history and etymology of the word inclusion, provide various contexts of its use in Polish common language and in the academic area, take a closer look at the word family as well as synonyms and antonyms of the term inclusion (especially exclusion). Next, I explore functions of the concept of inclusion (descriptive, explanatory, normative) and problems regarding the concept. The conclusion contains four types of referents of the term inclusion.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest pojęcie inkluzji, centralne dla celu 16 Agendy na Rzecz Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 2030 Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Termin inkluzja jest jednak wieloznaczny i jego znaczenie wymaga doprecyzowania. Przeprowadzam w tekście analizę semiotyczną tego terminu, poczynając od rysu historyczno-etymologicznego, poprzez sposoby użycia terminu inkluzja w języku polskim i w różnych dziedzinach wiedzy, oraz przyglądam się rodzinie wyrazowej tego terminu, jego synonimom, bliskoznacznikom i antonimom, a wśród tych ostatnich przede wszystkim terminowi ekskluzja. Analizuję następnie funkcje pojęcia inkluzji (opisowo-wyjaśniającą i normatywną) oraz referuję spory wokół pojęcia inkluzji. W części końcowej proponuję typologię desygnatów terminu inkluzja.
8
Content available remote The concept of suspended urban rail vehicle
EN
The main topic of this article is the description of a concept of the authors’ suspended rail vehicle. Firstly, the existing solutions where analysed with determination of their disadvantages and advantages. Subsequently, the proposed construction was described in the fields of: rolling stock build, suspension construction and guidance system. This article is based on authors’ master thesis: „The concept of suspended railway engine wagon”, conducted on Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Gdansk University of Technology.
PL
Niniejsza publikacja została poświęcona szczegółowemu opisowi proponowanej przez autorów koncepcji podwieszanego pojazdu szynowego. W pierwszej kolejności przeanalizowano istniejące rozwiązania, wraz ze wskazaniem ich podstawowych wad i zalet. Następnie opisano proponowaną konstrukcję w zakresie: budowy wagonu, sposobu jego zawieszenia oraz prowadzenia po zadanym torze ruchu. Artykuł ten powstał na podstawie pracy dyplomowej pt. „Koncepcja wagonu silnikowego kolei podwieszanej”, na wydziale Mechanicznym Politechniki Gdańskiej.
PL
Przedstawiono koncepcję integracji zarządzania wartością oraz optymalizacji ekonomicznej harmonogramu budowy. Podejście umożliwia maksymalizację wartości użytkowej przedmiotu przedsięwzięcia budowlanego z uwzględnieniem parametrów ekonomicznych przedsięwzięcia. Koncepcja może być wykorzystana w takich przedsięwzięciach jak „zaprojektuj i wybuduj”.
EN
The article presents the concept of integrating value management and economic optimization of the construction schedule. The approach allows to maximize the value of a construction project, taking into account the economic parameters of the project (e.g. NPV). The concept can be used in "design and build" projects.
10
Content available Urban Ecology Aspects: Theory and Development
EN
Issues of spatial development, including Urban Development, based on the principles of "balanced spatial development", are reflected in the main paradigm of the XXI century – sustainable economic, social and environmental development. The study of the problems of sustainable development of settlements, especially cities, is now one of the core areas of scientific justification of the planetary concept of sustainable development. On the one hand, the sustainability of Human Settlements Development is often one of the leading topics when discussing in scientific circles the possibilities of a global transition of modern civilization to a model of sustainable development. Today, it is not possible to conduct a professional discussion on sustainable development without the participation of specialists. The concept of sustainable development of Human Settlements has developed into an independent branch, both theoretical and applied, which is now perceived by the scientific community as a natural and integral part of the paradigm of sustainable economic, social and environmental development of our planet. In fairness, we also note that the concept of Sustainable Human Settlements Development has not always occupied its rightful place among the various aspects of sustainable development that it has today. From the Stockholm Summit in 1972 until habitat II in 1996, issues of Sustainable Human Settlements Development were at the periphery of the attention of the international scientific community. Although a separate section is devoted to promoting the sustainable development of human settlements in the "agenda for the XXI Century", however, this document does not contain a definition of this concept and is mainly devoted to the issues of effective management and planning of Human Settlements Development. Moreover, the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development, as well as the plan of implementation adopted at the Johannesburg Summit in 2002, also do not include it among its provisions related to the sustainable development of human settlements. Thus, from the moment of approval of the planetary concept of sustainable economic, social and environmental development, it should have been quite a long time before the balance of Human Settlements Development acquired its inherent level of problematic relevance today, and most importantly – understanding of its content part. This is due to a number of reasons, both objective and subjective. They are associated with both patterns of development of scientific knowledge and organizational reasons.
PL
Węzeł Golden Glades zlokalizowany jest w środkowej, intensywnie zurbanizowanej części Miami w otoczeniu gęstej sieci drogowej. Jest on splotem pięciu głównych dróg miejskich. Opracowano koncepcję przebudowy węzła, w której przedstawiono jego charakterystykę, znaczenie w systemie transportu Miami oraz obciążenia ruchem poszczególnych tras i połączeń między nimi, co pozwoliło na przedstawienie kilku rozwiązań.
EN
The Golden Glades interchange is located in the central, intensively urbanized part of Miami surrounded by a dense road network. It is a nexus of five major city roads. An interchange modification concept was developed that outlined the characteristics of the interchange, its importance in Miami’s transportation system, and the traffic loads of the various routes and connections between them, allowing several solutions to be presented.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy zagadnień senioralnej polityki mieszkaniowej w Holandii, która wypracowała szereg innowacyjnych rozwiązań i modeli form zamieszkania w ujęciu wielopokoleniowym oraz senioralnym. Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie metodą studium przypadku zagadnień architektoniczno-urbanistycznych dwóch innowacyjnych projektów mieszkaniowych w Holandii dla osób starszych i młodych o szczególnych potrzebach, które zostały docenione na arenie międzynarodowej oraz które mogą stanowić inspirację dla rozwoju mieszkalnictwa senioralnego w Polsce.
EN
This article concerns the issues of senior housing policy in the Netherlands, which has developed a number of innovative solutions and models of forms of residence in terms of multigeneration and seniority. The aim of the article is to analyze the architectural and urban issues using a case study method of two innovative housing projects for the elderly and young people in the Netherlands, with special needs, which have been appreciated internationally and which may inspire the development of senior housing in Poland.
EN
This paper presents the outcomes of two international conferences: 'On the way to architectural education and the profession of the future' and 'Genesis and development directions of the future architecture in the Eastern Europe', which took place on 28 November 2018 and 28 November 2019, respectively, at the Lviv Polytechnic National University. During the conference, educationalists, researchers, experts from architectural and artistic schools of Ukraine from Lviv, Kyiv, Odessa, Chernivtsi, Dnipro, Lutsk; Poland - from the city of Kielce; Germany - from Dresden University of Technology; Canada - from the city of Toronto, discussed what had to be done and done unquestionably so that we could not only dream about an architecture of the future but also actively create it. Not asking a formal request of the speakers to present what came out of the predictions of the architects / futurists of the twentieth century directed, according to their understanding, into close (the 1970s and 80s), non-distant (the 1990s) and distant future (the turn of the twenty-first century). Instead, they wanted to plant into the architectural reality of modern Eastern Europe, and Ukraine, Poland, Germany in particular, those sprouts of the new in architecture which are associated with 'the architecture of the future' and that are currently being born and their blooming can be expected in the Eastern Europe and the world in the future.
EN
Agricultural land is a basic resource for the livelihood of the Bulgarian population. However, its management is unstable and is connected with many unresolved or wrongly resolved problems which make it difficult to exercise its underlying function. This is mainly due to fragmented land legislation that has a number of disadvantages: the transformation of agricultural land into urban land is easy, control of land quality is poor, and there is a deficiency of agricultural spatial planning regulations. One of the specific tools for preserving the natural function of agricultural land is spatial planning, subject to the strategic documents of the country. According to a newly elaborated concept on agricultural territory planning, this process is two staged: on the municipal and on farm level. The objectives of the paper are: 1) to analyze the effectiveness of national legislation in regard to preserving the natural function of agricultural land; 2) to defend the necessity of the normative framework completion with precise spatial planning rules for agricultural land, and finally; 3) to draw attention to a new concept on agricultural territory planning by presenting the basic cadastral and specific data for performing spatial GIS analyses and elaborating spatial plans. Data from national statistical institutions were used, and methods of analysis and synthesis were applied. The data needed for GIS analyses and elaboration spatial plans for agricultural territory are listed. The paper asserts that spatial planning is a tool for regulating agricultural land use, for setting territory conditions for preserving and improving land quality, for protecting land tenure rights and for developing successful and high income agribusiness.
PL
Grunty rolne są dla ludności bułgarskiej podstawowym źródłem utrzymania. Mimo to zarządzanie nimi jest nieusystematyzowane, co wiąże się z wieloma nierozwiązanymi lub źle rozwiązanymi problemami, które utrudniają wykorzystanie tych gruntów zgodnie z ich podstawowymi funkcjami. Wynika to głównie z rozproszonego ustawodawstwa, które ma szereg wad: przekształcanie gruntów rolnych w grunty miejskie jest łatwe, kontrola jakości gruntów jest słaba, a przepisy dotyczące planowania przestrzennego obszarów rolnych są niewystarczające. Jednym ze szczególnych narzędzi służących zachowaniu naturalnej funkcji gruntów rolnych jest planowanie przestrzenne podlegające regulacjom zawartym w dokumentach strategicznych kraju. Zgodnie z nowo opracowaną koncepcją planowania przestrzennego obszarów rolnych proces ten jest dwuetapowy: na poziomie gminy i na poziomie gospodarstwa rolne go. Cele niniejszego opracowania są następujące: 1) analiza skuteczności ustawodawstwa krajowego w zakresie zachowania funkcji przyrodniczej gruntów rolnych; 2) uzasadnienie konieczności uzupełnienia ram prawnych o precyzyjne zasady planowania przestrzennego dla gruntów rolnych; 3) zwrócenie uwagi na nową koncepcję planowania przestrzennego, która wykorzystywać powinna dane katastralne do wykonania analiz przestrzennych GIS i opracowania miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Aby je zrealizować, wykorzystano dane z krajowych urzędów statystycznych oraz zastosowano metody analizy i syntezy. Wymieniono dane potrzebne do analiz GIS i opracowania miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego dla obszarów użytkowanych rolniczo. W artykule stwierdzono, że planowanie przestrzenne jest narzędziem do regulowania użytkowania gruntów rolnych, ustalania warunków dla zachowania i poprawy jakości gruntów, ochrony praw własności gruntów oraz rozwoju udanego i dochodowego agrobiznesu.
PL
W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę identyfikacji i analizy obecnych koncepcji/projektów w zakresie prac rozwojowych nad platformami autonomicznymi wykorzystywanymi w zastosowaniach komercyjnych. W ramach dokonanej analizy scharakteryzowano wybrane systemy autonomiczne oraz określono stopień ich zaawansowania.
EN
The intention of this study is to identify and analyze current concepts / projects in the field of development of autonomous platforms used in commercial applications. Selected autonomous systems were characterized and the degree of their advancement was assessed, framed by analysis performed.
EN
Companies throughout the world have always been working on improving their operations and challenging their bottom lines. With a the increased competition triggered by globalization, it has become vital for them to run their businesses in the most efficient and effective ways.
17
Content available remote New developments in the Liverpool Waterfront
EN
In the present article, we focus on the changing face of the revitalised parts of the city of Liverpool. We present the successful, consistent implementation of a comprehensive vision for the renewal of the city’s port area – neglected and dangerous still at the end of the last century. We indicate the importance of determining the elements of the space that crystallise the urban layout of the city, and skilfully applying those in future concepts. We refer to the main issues related to the renewal process, including the economic and social aspects of the city, as well as to the use of art in the humanisation of the place and the importance of social participation in the approval of design solutions.
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na zmianie oblicza rewitalizowanych części miasta Liverpool. Prezentuje sukces konsekwentnej realizacji całościowej wizji odnowy zaniedbanej i niebezpiecznej, jeszcze pod koniec ubiegłego wieku, strefy portowej miasta. Wskazuje na znaczenie ustalenia elementów przestrzeni krystalizujących układ urbanistyczny miejscowości i umiejętne ich wykorzystanie w koncepcjach przyszłościowych. Nawiązuje do głównych zagadnień związanych z procesem odnowy, obejmujących stronę gospodarczo-ekonomiczną i społeczną miasta, odnosi się do wykorzystania sztuki w humanizacji miejsca oraz znaczenia partycypacji społecznej w akceptacji rozwiązań projektowych.
PL
Treść publikacji wynika z doświadczenia autora zdobytego podczas pierwszego etapu procesu rewitalizacji Zamku Książąt Mazowieckich w Ciechanowie. Publikacja przypomina XVI-wieczne tło i opisuje jego późniejszą historię. Przedstawia stan prac konserwatorskich oraz stan badań archeologicznych poprzedzających proces rewitalizacji. Przedstawia również przebieg procesu inwestycyjnego i procedurę jego realizacji. Artykuł wskazuje wybrane trudności natury organizacyjnej, technologicznej, finansowej, prawnej/administracyjnej i konserwatorskiej, które pojawiły się w trakcie realizacji, jak również stopień ich złożoności. Ponadto, w pracy podjęto się ewaluacji procesu wdrażania oraz wskazano jego wyniki i potrzebę dalszej kontynuacji prac konserwatorskich.
EN
The content of the publication resulted from the author’s experience gained during the first stage of the revitalization process of Mazovian Dukes Castle in Ciechanów. The publication recalls the background of the 14th century site and describes its later history. It presents the state of restoration works and the state of archeological research preceding the process of revitalization. It also depicts the course of the investor’s action and the procedure of implementation. The publication points to selected difficulties of organizational, technological, financial, legal/administrative, and conservation nature which arose during the implementation and its degree of complexity. Moreover, the publication undertakes to evaluate the status of the implementation process and indicates its results and the need for further continuation of the restoration works.
EN
This paper introduces cloud manufacturing (CMfg) as a new manufacturing paradigm that joins the emerging technologies – such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and service-oriented technologies – for solving complex problems in manufacturing applications and performing large-scale collaborative manufacturing. Using scientific publications indexed in Scopus database during the period 2012–2017, the concept and fundamentals of CMfg are presented and discussed given the results of the most recent research. While focusing on the current state of the art, the recent research trends within CMfg concept were also identified. The review involved the methods of bibliometric analysis and network analysis. A prototype of CMfg and the existing related work conducted by various researchers are presented, and the map of co-occurrence is introduced to indicate the most commonly occurring issues related to the “cloud manufacturing” term. The VOSviewer software was used for this purpose. Finally, cloud-based manufacturing areas for further research are identified.
20
Content available Building an ontology for system analysis
EN
System analysis as scientific and engineering discipline underpins research and development in other areas. However, system analysis models and methods are often taught separately and, as a result, system analyst cannot form a holistic understanding of this area. In order to deepen our understanding of system analysis’ concepts and relations the ontology of this area was built. It was constructed based on models and methods of system analysis considered as knowledge patterns. The concept of system was selected as a central concept of ontology. Other important concepts, such as goal, function, decision and process are relating to it. Finally, the applications of created system analysis ontology for teaching system analysis in high school and as a part of semantic grid are discussed.
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