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1

Application of UAV and ground measurements for urban vegetation cooling benefits assessment, Wilanów Palace case study

Trzeciak Michał, Sikorska Daria

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2024

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Vol. 33, No. 1

53--68

EN

This research at the Wilanów Palace, Warsaw, assesses urban greenery’s cooling impacts in a cultural heritage site using remote sensing and on-site measurements, highlighting vegetation’s importance in urban climate control. The study combines soil temperature data, UAV thermal imagery, leaf area index (LAI), LiDAR, and NDVI analyses. Findings demonstrate a strong link between vegetation density and temperature: UAV land surface temperature (LST) ranged from 26.8° to 47.5°C, peaking at 72°C, while ground-based temperatures were between 19.5° and 29.2°C, lowest in dense vegetation areas. The statistical analysis confirmed significant temperature differences across vegetation types, with higher LAI areas showing lower temperatures. These results validate the cooling effect of dense vegetation, emphasizing green spaces’ significance in urban climate regulation within cultural heritage sites. The study informs sustainable urban design and conservation, underlining the critical role of vegetation in improving urban microclimates.

2

Impact of climate change on the safety of the foundation zone of steel tanks

Pawłowicz Joanna P., Skotnicka-Siepsiak Aldona, Szeląg Romuald A., Obolewicz Jerzy, Baryłka Adam

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2024

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Nr 1

13--22

EN

Climate change introduces the need to look at new issues in the safe operation of engineering structures. Analysis for the past decade has shown the significance of the weather changes taking place and the effects in the form of periodic long heat waves causing heating of external surfaces combined with solar radiation can cause significant structural impacts. Intense rainfall causing increased penetration of water into the ground also proves to be an important issue in terms of the proper condition of foundation zones. Performed studies have shown that in unfavorable conditions can lead to defects in the foundation zones of steel tanks.

3

Heating and cooling degree-days vs climate change in years 1979-2021. Evidence from the European Union and Norway

Pangsy-Kania Sylwia, Biegańska Justyna, Flouros Floros, Sokół Aneta

Economics and Environment

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2024

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no. 1

1--25

EN

Energy consumption depends strongly on weather conditions. Thus, to formulate energy-related policy goals, it is crucial to monitor changes related to the heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) – widely applied indicators of climate change. The study investigated the impact that climate change (global warming) exerted on the number of HDD and CDD, as well as the weather-related final energy consumption of the European households (EU-27 and Norway), based on data derived from Eurostat for the period 1979-2021. The results indicate that the changes in HDD and CDD constituted non-linear functions of the country’s average temperature, with the largest percentage changes observed in the warmest (in the case of HDD) and the coldest (in the case of CDD) portion of European countries. As indicated by estimations based on first-difference linear regression models, climate change has contributed so far to the net decrease in weather-related energy consumption of households.

PL

Zużycie energii jest silnie uzależnione od warunków pogodowych. Z tego względu, w celu kształtowania polityki energetycznej kluczowego znaczenia nabiera obserwacja zmian w zakresie stopniodni ogrzewania (HDD) i stopniodni chłodzenia (CDD), powszechnie wykorzystywanych wskaźników zmian klimatycznych. Przedmiotem badania był wpływ zmian klimatycznych (globalnego ocieplenia) na liczbę HDD i CDD, jak również oszacowanie wpływu tych zmian na uwarunkowane pogodowo zużycie energii przez europejskie gospodarstwa domowe (w UE-27 i Norwegii), na podstawie danych Eurostat z lat 1979-2021. Badanie wykazało, iż zmiany HDD i CDD stanowią nieliniowe funkcje przeciętnej temperatury powietrza, a największe zmiany w ujęciu procentowym zaobserwowano w najcieplejszych (w przypadku HDD) i najzimniejszych (w przypadku CDD) regionach UE. Jak wykazały estymacje oparte na indywidualnych regresjach liniowych na pierwszych różnicach zmiennych, zmiany klimatyczne przyczyniły się dotychczas do zmniejszenia uwarunkowanego pogodowo zużycia energii przez europejskie gospodarstwa domowe.

4

The Impact of Food Waste Mitigation with Black Soldier Fly Assistance on Climate Change in Indonesia – A Systematic Review

Octaviani Yeti Nur, Budihardjo Mochamad Arief, Sumiyati Sri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

60--72

EN

Climate changes in the world and Indonesia cannot be separated from human activities. Food waste is an act of throwing away food which can result in climate change due to the high potential for global warming due to this activity. Therefore, there is a need for mitigation in the form of food waste processing, one of which is the black soldier fly (BSF) method. This study aimed to determine the development trend of the impact of food waste in Indonesia on climate change and determine the effect of mitigating food waste processing using the BSF method. The analysis used in this study was bibliometric, and a systematic literature review was applied to 298 published articles. It was found that the publication trend of articles regarding the impact of food waste on climate change in Indonesia is still tiny, namely seven publications. In the impact analysis of mitigating food waste processing using the BSF method was proven to reduce global warming potential by 1,201.58 kg CO2eq and 1,143.4 kg CO2eq. This value compares food waste processing using the BSF and landfilling methods. Results were also obtained from the processing of food waste using only the BSF method for global warming potential values of 0.38 kg CO2eq, 6,687 kg CO2eq, and 3.2 kg CO2eq.

5

Risks Associated with the Impact of Climate Change on the Informal Mining Industry

Yuli-Posadas Ricardo Angel, Chávez-Juanito Yuli Anbel, Manrique Edgar Robert Tapia, Bulege-Gutiérrez Wilfredo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

46--59

EN

Informal mining is a very relevant activity in many regions of the world, as it provides employment and income to local communities. However, this activity faces significant challenges due to the impact of climate change. The objective of this study was to identify, analyze and synthesize, using a unique approach, the specific risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry. Methodologically, it was a review study through an analysis of original content for the purpose of creating an authentic study, in which the following search engines were used: Scopus, Redalyc SciELO, Google Scholar and WoS. The analysis of the texts allowed identifying three categories of analysis: (a) Environmental challenges in informal mining: Evaluation of deforestation, soil degradation and water pollution as a consequence of climate change, (b) Health and safety risks of informal mining workers: Exposure to toxic substances and dangers associated with extreme weather phenomena and (c) Adaptation and mitigation strategies in informal mining in the face of climate change: Clean technologies, training and improvement of working conditions, which allowed obtaining a deeper understanding of the risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry, identifying deforestation, land degradation and water pollution as significant environmental challenges affecting this industry due to climate change.

6

Impact of Land-Use Changes on the Runoff of Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India

Sainath Reddy Poli, Bhavani R.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

121--129

EN

Present study investigated the effect of land-use variations on the excess flow for a Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India by using HEC-HMS model. The model was calibrated and validated using observed rainfall and runoff data. The R2and NSE values were both greater than 0.65 after calibration, indicating a reasonable fit of the model. An analysis was conducted to understand how the land-use changes in a basin have affected the runoff. The analysis revealed that the stream flow increased due to variations in land use, and a reduction in the timing of peak flow at the outlet was observed. Additionally, the study analysed the trend of maximum rainfall time series and found that the months of June, July, and August show a decreasing trend in maximum rainfall over the study period, while other months show an increasing trend. The results of the analysis can be used to implement informed policies and management practices aimed at mitigating the negative impact of land-use changes and climate changes in Nandigama.

7

Cork Oak in the Maamora Forest (Morocco) – Updating its Distribution and Optimizing Cork Productivity for Sustainable Development

Ghazi Souad, Ziri Rabea, Brhadda Najiba, Chemchaoui Abdelazziz, Alaoui Hassana Ismaili, Boukita Hassan, El Asri Bouchra, Jdi Lahbib

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

288--299

EN

In order to optimize cork productivity in the Maamora forest, specifically in the northern part of the A, B, C, D, and E cantons, the study focused on the analysis and updating of the distribution of productive cork oak (Quercus suber L.) stands as well as the evaluation of cork production over the past two decades. For this purpose, the available maps were corrected and updated using GPS data and field surveys between 2019 and 2022. Similarly, a thorough examination of the archives related to cork harvesting from the water and forestry administration was conducted and enriched by data collection during the survey. The obtained results indicate that the productive area is approximately 39% of the total area in the study zone. Simultaneously, statistical data has highlighted significant fluctuations in the annual gross cork production, coupled with a concerning decrease of 21.29% during the second rotation. Indeed, during the second rotation, 30% of the productive area was not harvested, compared to approximately 14% during the first rotation. Similarly, only 59% of the productive area underwent two harvest cycles. Despite these fluctuations, the recorded productivity during the second rotation, at 0.68 stere/hectare/year, remains above the national average. The differences between cantons are also noteworthy, emphasizing the impact of local factors on cork harvesting. In this context, ensuring sustained cork productivity while ensuring the sustainability of vegetal capital against climate change requires the implementation of an adaptive management approach.

8

Climate Change and Water Resources Management in the Ghis-Nekor Watershed (North of Morocco) – A Comprehensive Analysis Using SPI, RDI and DI Indices

Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, El Yousfi Yassine, Cheikh Boumediene Ben, Abdaoui Abdellali, Azirar Maryam, Mechkirrou Latifa, El Ouarghi Hossain, Zegzouti Younes Filali, Boughrous Ali Ait

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

199--209

EN

Morocco is currently facing significant challenges due to the ever–changing climate, with its critical water sources crucial for agriculture, economy, and daily life being greatly affected. In order to thoroughly understand the impact of climate change on the Ghis–Nekor watershed, an in–depth study spanning 38 years (1978–2016) was conducted. This involved examining the meteorological data from three stations and utilizing advanced indices, such as SPI, RDI, and DI. The findings of this study revealed prominent shifts in precipitation patterns, indicating a vulnerability in the region. While there was a general increase in annual rainfall during the specified time period, a sharp decline was observed post–2008. Further analysis of drought confirmed the presence of persistent dry spells and recurring episodes, highlighting the urgent need for effective water management strategies. These crucial findings must be considered by decision–makers for successful climate adaptation, emphasizing the key role played by this study in mitigating the effects of climate change.

9

Geologiczne składowanie dwutlenku węgla - narzędzie łagodzenia globalnych zmian klimatu

Uliasz-Misiak Barbara

Budownictwo, Technologie, Architektura

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2024

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nr 1

62--67

PL

Globalne ocieplenie wynikające z dużej emisji gazów cieplarnianych jest faktem potwierdzonym licznymi badaniami. Jednym ze sposobów ograniczenia emisji CO2, jednego z głównych gazów cieplarnianych jest technologia wychwytu, transportu oraz geologicznego składowania CO2. Jest to technologia umożliwiająca składowanie dużych ilości dwutlenku węgla w poziomach wodonośnych, złożach węglowodorów oraz pokładach węgla. Struktury geologiczne przeznaczone do składowania CO2 powinny cechować się: odpowiednimi właściwościami petrofizycznymi, odpowiednią głębokością zalegania, miąższością i pojemnością formacji przeznaczonej do składowania, znaczną rozległością poziomą, a także szczelnością. Dwutlenek węgla w strukturach geologicznych jest unieruchamiany przy udziale różnych mechanizmów pułapkowania. Oceny pojemności składowania dwutlenku węgla w strukturach geologicznych na terenie Polski wykazały, że największy potencjał mają mezozoiczne poziomy wodonośne Niżu Polskiego.

EN

Global warming resulting from high greenhouse gas emissions is a fact confirmed by numerous studies. One of the ways to reduce CO2 emissions, one of the main greenhouse gases, is the technology of capture, transport and geological storage of CO2. This is a technology that enables the storage of large amounts of carbon dioxide in aquifers, hydrocarbon deposits and coal seams. Geological structures intended for CO2 storage should be characterized by: appropriate petrophysical properties, appropriate depth, thickness and capacity of the formation intended for storage, significant horizontal extent, and tightness. Carbon dioxide in geological structures is immobilized using various trapping mechanisms. Assessments of the carbon dioxide storage capacity in geological structures in Poland have shown that the Mesozoic aquifers of the Polish Lowlands have the greatest potential.

10

Influence of transport operations on the changing local climate in Nigeria’s southwestern cities

Salisu Umar Obafemi, Fasina Simeon Oluwagbenga, Shodunke Hazzan Tunde, Akanmu Ayobami Ademola, Sanni Sekinat Motunrayo, Olorunfemi Samuel Oluwaseyi

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 121

203--222

EN

The activities of transport operations exhibit both positive and negative outcomes. Its negative effects on human health and the sustainability of the environment are of interest in this study. As a result, the study investigated the influence of transport operations on the changing local climate in Nigeria's southwestern cities. It investigated motorists' socioeconomic status (SES) and travel characteristics; the salient components of transport operations contributing to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions); the effect of GHG emissions from transport operations on the local climate; transport externalities contributing to local temperature changes; and the effect of GHG emissions from transport operations on human health in the research location. This study employed a cross-sectional research design, utilizing systematic sampling to collect 580 copies of questionnaires administered to commercial motorists found in queues across two randomly selected parks in each capital city within the region. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA and Linear Regression) were used to analyze the data. The study found that 60% of the motorists were middle-aged (aged between 36 and 45). The majority (70%) drive an average of 100 to 150 km, and premium motor spirit (PMS) is the primary source of energy for 95% of them. The nature and condition of the fuel in use are the top-ranked components of transport operations contributing to GHG emissions. The result of the ANOVA revealed a significant variation among the components of transport operations contributing to GHG emissions (F = 28.302, p = 0.000<0.05). Meanwhile, the linear regression results indicate that vehicular GHG emissions have a significant impact on the local climate (F1⁄578=30.091, p=0.000<0.05). Traffic congestion and bad road conditions were the top-ranked transport externalities contributing to the changing local climate. The most common effects of GHG emissions on human health were headaches and difficulty breathing. Considering these findings, this study suggests the best tactics to lessen the effects of GHG emissions from transport operations, which adversely affect the local climate and human health in the study area.

11

Green public procurement from the contractor's perspective

Szewc Tomasz, Szymańska Karina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

551--565

EN

Purpose: Governments in many countries are trying to prevent climate change. One way of doing this is through green public procurement that consists of procuring goods, services and works with a reduced environmental impact during their life cycle compared to goods, services and works with an identical purpose that might otherwise have been procured. So the paper aims to examine private companies’ readiness to provide green goods and services in response to demands of green public procurement. This may encourage public entities to wider use of green public procurement because they may be afraid of an inadequate amount of companies that can meet the procurement criteria. The paper provides tips on how to organize the work of a public institution to make green public procurement more widespread. Design/methodology/approach: The methods used in this study were literature analysis, statistical survey, static analysis and case study. By means of a statistical survey and analysis, the relationship between the knowledge of employees of a given company regarding the knowledge of concepts related to green public procurement and the type of position was demonstrated. On the other hand, with the help of a case study, it was shown how an existing public procurement can easily be transformed into a green public procurement. Findings: In order to achieve sustainable outcomes, it is necessary to introduce internal regulations of public organisations relating to the integration of environmental considerations into tendering procedures. Public organisations should realise how easy it is to turn a public procurement into a green public procurement and that companies are already ready to do it. Almost any company can meet the environmental requirements to participate in green public procurement, the criteria depend on the ingenuity of the public organisations' staff. The main difficulties in including environmental aspects in tendering procedures include insufficient knowledge and experience of the contracting authorities in their practical application. Originality/value: The paper discusses the role of green public procurement, as well as how to manage a public organisation, what to do to make green public procurement widely used. Relevant knowledge of public employees, political will, as well as the fashion for green public procurement are important in the introduction of the above mentioned procurement. The paper also focuses on the private company's point of view.

12

Reconsidering Nature – analiza rozwiązań projektowych poprawiających odporność krajobrazów miejskich

Jamioł Katarzyna, Jaróg Tomasz, Nowak Natalia

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

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2023

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Vol. 1

189--199

PL

Artykuł porusza temat zmian klimatu, którym w swoich projektach muszą sprostać europejscy architekci krajobrazu. Na początku opisano problematykę dotyczącą tzw. odpornych krajobrazów. Następnie na podstawie projektów zaprezentowanych podczas drugiej edycji międzynarodowej wystawy IFLA Europe pod tytułem Reconsidering Nature przygotowano zestawienie działań, które są w stanie pozytywnie wpłynąć na poprawę odporności krajobrazów miejskich.

EN

The article addresses the aspects of climate change which European landscape architects must face in their projects. In the beginning, the issue of resilient landscapes was described. Then, based on the projects presented during the second edition of the international IFLA Europe exhibition entitled Reconsidering Nature, a list of activities that can positively improve the resilience of urban landscapes has been prepared.

13

Bibliometrics and scientometric review: perspectives and developments in the use of green roofs

Rzeszowska Natalia

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2023

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nr 54

98--120

EN

Green roofs are a multifunctional element of the building envelope, which, with appropriate modifications, can offer many benefits not only for its direct users, but also positively affect the environment around it. Global climate change and rapid urbanization have presented us with a number of urban challenges that negatively affect the physical and mental health of city dwellers. The subject of the article is to present the perspectives and main development trends in the use of green roofs in architecture. On the basis of the bibliometrics and scientometric analysis of the selected subject, the main research trends were presented, the countries contributing most to its development were distinguished, and the most influential authors were presented.

PL

Dachy zielone to multifunkcyjny element obudowy budynku, który przy odpowiednich modyfikacjach może oferować wiele korzyści nie tylko dla jego bezpośrednich użytkowników, ale również pozytywnie wpływać na środowisko wokół niego. Globalne zmiany klimatyczne i szybka urbanizacja postawiły przed nami szereg wyzwań miejskich, które negatywnie wpływają na zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne mieszkańców miast. Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie perspektyw oraz głównych nurtów rozwoju w zakresie wykorzystania dachów zielonych w architekturze. Na podstawie analizy bibliometrycznej i naukometrycznej wybranej tematyki, zaprezentowano główne nurty badań, wyodrębniono najbardziej przyczyniające się do jej rozwoju kraje oraz przedstawiono najbardziej wpływowych autorów.

14

Skażenie mikrobiologiczne warzyw oraz metody ich ograniczania

Kowalska Beata

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2023

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T. 77, nr 11

30--33

PL

Warzywa są ważnym i nieodzownym składnikiem zdrowej diety. Należy jednak mieć świadomość, że mogą one być nośnikiem mikroorganizmów chorobotwórczych dla człowieka, co w konsekwencji prowadzi do wielu poważnych chorób. W pracy omówiono mikroorganizmy zanieczyszczające warzywa ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem warzyw liściastych. Opisano drogi zakażenia warzyw na różnych etapach ich produkcji - „od pola do stołu”. Wskazano na błędy popełniane podczas uprawy surowca tj. stosowanie nieodpowiedniej higieny, zanieczyszczonej wody do nawadniania czy nieodpowiednio przygotowanych nawozów naturalnych. Zwrócono uwagę na zasady profilaktyki, które powinny być podjęte, aby ograniczyć to zjawisko.

EN

Vegetables are an important and indispensable component of a healthy diet. However, it is important to be aware that they can carry pathogenic microorganisms for humans which cause many serious diseases. This paper discusses the microorganisms contaminating vegetables with particular emphasis on leafy vegetables. The pathways of vegetables contamination on all stages of production - “from field to table” are described. It points out the mistakes made during the cultivation of raw materials, such as the use of inadequate hygiene, contaminated irrigation water or improperly prepared organic fertilizers. Attention is drawn to the principles of prevention that should be taken to limit this phenomenon.

15

Niespodzianki szczytu klimatycznego COP27 w Sharm el-Sheikh

Bednarz Ludwik M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 1

11--13

16

Exploring acceptance on benefit of solar farm implementation in Malaysia

Mohammad Shahrul Nizam, Mohamed Yusof Mohamed Khatif Tawaf, Mohd Puaad Muhammad Bazli Faliq, Zakaria Rozana, Baki Amin

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 1

87--98

EN

Exploring acceptance on benefits of solar farm implementation in Malaysia. Implementation of solar farms to generate electricity is still low in Malaysia, where only 1%, or 227.5 MW of the total installed electrical capacity in Malaysia was produced from solar PV installations in 2016. Renewable energies, e.g. solar energy, have been adopted in many countries to generate electricity as a response to global environment issues. The aim of this study is to determine financial opportunities and benefits of solar farm implementation towards the society and the environment. Data were acquired through a literature review and questionnaire survey that was conducted among the respondents that are directly involved in the solar energy. Long-term financial savings constitute the most identified financial opportunities for the implementation of solar farms in generating clean electricity. Implementation of solar farms will encourage more businesses related to solar energy to be established in the country and will lead to new business opportunities. Solar farms are far better than conventional fossil fuel power plants in terms of the environmental effect and also reduce the health effects on the society during the electric generating process.

17

Badania geofizyczne w rozwiązywaniu problemów cywilizacyjnych istotnych dla Polski

Jarosiński Marek, Krzyścin Janusz, Ustrnul Zbigniew, Kochanek Krzysztof, Janik Tomasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 8

418--429

EN

In view of the challenges faced by geophysical research in the future decades and the observed decline in interest in this field of study in Poland, itis necessary to mobilize the geophysical environment. One of the main causes of the crisis in the popularity of this field of study are changes in the economic paradigm, in which an important determinant and goal of activities is the declared departure from fossil fuels, especially coal and oil. Obviously, this has a direct impact on the prospects of geophysical research, whose main contractor on a global scale is the oil industry. With the depletion of the best available deposits, there is a need to reach for deposits that were increasingly difficult to discover and exploit, which contributed to the progress in geophysical research methods that followed the development of technology and information methods - the basis of modern geophysical analyses. The announced definitive departure from fossil fuels coincided in Poland with the end of the shale-gas boom and the announcement of the program of resigning from coal mining. These announcements aroused the belief that the demand for geophysical research will also expire in the coming years together with the prospects for financing such research. However, this belief is wrong. A significant stream of funds will be directed at the development of geophysical research on a global scale, and the current sponsors of utilitarian geophysical research will occupy new niches on the market, e.g. in the accumulation of energy, storage of greenhouse gases and the search for raw materials, the lack of which is increasingly felt by the most developed economies. Along with the growing awareness of the deepening climate crisis and the destruction of the natural environment engulfing the planet, the need increases to recalculate the environmental costs of economic activity, in which broadly understood geophysical sciences can undoubtedly help. Geophysical analysis of huge datasets requires modern computational methods such as numerical modelling, machine learning and artificial intelligence. The development of these fields will therefore be necessary, but also a difficult challenge for the scientific community in Poland. In this work, we will indicate mainly the prospective areas of the economy and the science, related to the broadly understood energy transformation that requires a significant share of geophysical research. The review of the issues and methodology of current geophysical problems and proposed solutions has been arranged in accordance with the directions of research in the field of earth sciences, subjectively highlighting the tasks that seem to be the most promising and/or scientifically attractive. The text deals with the issues related to climatology, hydrology and hydrogeology, environment, geological hazards, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, waste storage, energy storage, critical raw materials, and the structure and physical condition of the Earth's crust.

18

Zmiana klimatu i ich wpływ na budownictwo i komfort życia mieszkańców miast, przykład Warszawy

Błażejczyk Krzysztof, Błażejczyk Anna

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2023

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Z. 1-2

29--53

PL

Stały rozwój terytorialny miast jest drugim, obok zmiany klimatu, czynnikiem pociągającym za sobą istotne pogorszenie jakości ich środowiska. Tendencji tej ulega m.in. klimat lokalny obszarów zurbanizowanych, co przejawia się przede wszystkim wzrostem temperatury powietrza oraz zakłóceniem reżimu opadowego. Zmiany klimatu mają duży wpływ na sektor budownictwa zarówno na etapie powstawania, jak i eksploatacji inwestycji oraz – poprzez coraz trudniejsze warunki mikro-i bioklimatyczne – na warunki życia mieszkańców miast. W artykule przedstawiono historyczny, aktualny i prognozowany stan klimatu w Warszawie rozpoznany z punktu widzenia oddziaływania na budownictwo (w kontekście tzw. Umownych Kategorii Klimatu) i komfort życia mieszkańców obszarów zurbanizowanych. Do analiz wykorzystano wyniki obserwacji prowadzonych na stacji meteorologicznej Warszawa–Okęcie w okresie 1971-2020 oraz symulacji dla okresu 2021-2070 według scenariuszy RCP4.5 i RCP8.5, udostępnione w bazie danych METEONORM 8.0. Zarówno historyczne, jak i prognozowane cechy klimatu Warszawy wskazują, że największe zmiany dotyczą warunków termicznych. Wartości temperatury powietrza od wielu lat systematycznie wzrastają (średnio o około 0,5°C/10 lat) i proces ten będzie trwał w przyszłości. Wyraźnie mniejsze zmiany mają miejsce w przypadku reżimu opadowego i wiatrowego. Obserwowana zmiana klimatu stanowi duże wyzwanie dla mieszkańców i władz miasta oraz architektów i urbanistów. Artykuł zawiera kilka propozycji rozwiązania tych problemów poprzez zmiany w zagospodarowaniu przestrzeni miejskich.

EN

The constant territorial development of cities is the second factor, apart from climate change, which entails a significant deterioration in the quality of their environment. This tendency is followed by the local climate of urbanized areas, which is manifested primarily by the increase in air temperature and the disruption of the precipitation regime. Climate change has a major impact on the construction sector, both at the stage of planning and operation of investments, and – trough increasingly difficult micro- and bioclimatic conditions – on the living conditions of city dwellers. The article presents the historical, current and projected state of the climate in Warsaw recognized from the point of view of its impact on construction (through analysis of so-called Conventional Climate Categories) and on the comfort of life of the residents of urban areas. The results of observations conducted at the Warszawa–Okęcie meteorological station in the period 1971-2020 and simulations for the period 2021-2070 according to the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, available in the METEONORM 8.0 database, were used for the analysis of so-called Conventional Climate Categories as well as their influence on micro- and bioclimatic conditions and on the living conditions of city dwellers. Both historical and projected features of Warsaw’s climate indicate that the greatest changes concern thermal conditions. Air temperature values have been steadily increasing for many years (on average by about 0.5°C/10 years) and this process will continue in the future. Significantly smaller changes take place in the case of precipitation and wind regimes. The observed climate changes pose a great challenge for the inhabitants and city authorities, as well as for architects and urban planners. The article contains several proposals for solving these problems through changes in the development of urban spaces.

19

Managing uae supply chain carbon footprint: sustainability and climate change mitigation strategies

Al Chami Riad

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28. No. 1

7--24

EN

This research introduces new methods to measure UAE supply chains' carbon footprints to identify sustainability initiatives to mitigate climate change. It finds opportunities for improvement and provides actionable insights to promote environmental sustainability via thorough analysis, and tries to understand how carbon emissions hurt ecosystems and how to remedy them and determines carbon-emitting industries. Corporations emit the most carbon due to inadequate supply networks. Corporate social responsibility is crucial to customer trust and global norms in modern organizations. Environment protection and carbon emission reduction rules are crucial in the UAE, which wants to be a business powerhouse. Quantitative research is cross-sectional because numbers better explain the situation. Some data was obtained for this study. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to obtain data from 90 UAE supply chain workers. Demographic descriptive information and firm carbon emission data were used. The knowledge helped respondents identify eco-friendly corporate practices. Education is essential to convincing businesses and consumers of their environmental responsibility. The survey results demonstrate that young people are more aware and can boost CSR in the sector. The findings showed that younger and more educated individuals were more hopeful about carbon and environmental issues. Education and awareness campaigns are needed to promote sustainable behaviour and reduce carbon footprints.

PL

Niniejsze badanie wprowadza nowe metody pomiaru śladu węglowego łańcuchów dostaw w Zjednoczonych Emiratach Arabskich w celu zidentyfikowania inicjatyw na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju ukierunkowanych na łagodzenie zmian klimatycznych. W badaniu wskazano możliwości usprawnień i dostarczono praktycznych wniosków mających na celu promowanie zrównoważonego rozwoju środowiskowego poprzez dokładną analizę. Starając się zrozumieć, w jaki sposób emisje węgla szkodzą ekosystemom, badanie to także wskazuje branże emitujące najwięcej dwutlenku węgla. Warto zauważyć, iż przedsiębiorstwa emitują najwięcej dwutlenku węgla z powodu niewystarczających sieci dostaw. Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu ma istotne znaczenie dla zaufania klientów i norm globalnych we współczesnych organizacjach. Ochrona środowiska i przepisy dotyczące redukcji emisji węgla są kluczowe w ZEA, które pragną być potęgą biznesową. Badania ilościowe mają charakter przekrojowy, ponieważ liczby lepiej wyjaśniają sytuację. Do niniejszego badania pozyskano określone dane. Aby je zgromadzić wykorzystano prostą technikę losowego próbkowania, uzyskując dane od 90 pracowników łańcucha dostaw w ZEA. Wykorzystano demograficzne informacje opisowe i dane dotyczące emisji dwutlenku węgla przez przedsiębiorstwa. Wiedza ta pomogła respondentom zidentyfikować ekologiczne praktyki korporacyjne przyjazne środowisku. Edukacja jest kluczowa, aby przekonać przedsiębiorstwa i konsumentów do ich odpowiedzialności za środowisko. Wyniki badania pokazują, że młodzi ludzie są bardziej świadomi i mogą zwiększyć społeczną odpowiedzialność biznesu w sektorze. Wyniki wykazały, że młodsze i bardziej wykształcone osoby były bardziej optymistyczne w kwestii redukcji emisji dwutlenku węgla i problemów środowiskowych. Kampanie edukacyjne i świadomość ekologiczna są potrzebne do promowania zrównoważonego rozwoju i redukcji śladów węglowych.

20

Perceptions of an endangered Baltic Sea

von Storch Hans

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (1)

44--49

EN

In a series of ad-hoc surveys at different academic institutions in the Baltic Sea region, students and young scholars were asked about their views about the environmental issues of the Baltic Sea, and who would be responsible for the management of the Baltic Sea. Overfishing, climate change and waste were considered the most significant issues, while tourism and constructions (of bridges, etc.) were less often recognized as severe. The responsibility for the management of the Baltic Sea was mostly attributed to the European Union or to the respective national governments. Since climate is one of these issues, one question has dealt with the main task of climate science. It turns out that the most frequent assertion was not the genuine scientific task of generating knowledge about the dynamics of the system. Instead, the task of solving the problem and, equally often, supporting climate activism was favored. The results are not representative – neither for the separate surveys, nor for the selection of the sites of surveying. However, when taken all surveys together, the emergence of consistent perceptions may be considered evidence for a general attitude among students and young scholars in the Baltic regions. However, differences between groups – in terms of nationality, seniority and discipline - may be related to sampling randomness.