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PL
W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty badań doświadczalnych, w których oceniano efektywność wzmocnienia pojedynczego kątownika równoramiennego L65×7, ściskanego osiowo za pomocą drugiego, równoległego kątownika mocowanego układem śrubowych obejm. Wzmocnienia takie są stosowane w stalowych wieżach kratowych. Ocenie poddano obciążenie graniczne i postać utraty stateczności.
EN
The paper presents the results of experimental study in which the effectiveness of the reinforcement of a single angle L65×7 compressed axially, by a second, parallel angle fastened with a system of bolted clamps, was assessed. Such reinforcements are used in steel lattice towers. The ultimate load and the form of stability loss were observed and compared.
PL
Artykuł omawia techniki łączenia elementów układu uziomowego w aspekcie wymagań norm krajowych dla najczęściej stosowanych metod. Analizie poddano wytyczne w zakresie długości i jakości spoin przy spawaniu łukowym. Połączenia skręcane omówiono na przykładzie uchwytów krzyżowych. Przedstawiono właściwości techniki zgrzewania egzotermicznego. Rodzaje połączeń porównano pod kątem odporności na korozję, wytrzymałości mechanicznej i potrzeby dodatkowych zabezpieczeń antykorozyjnych.
EN
The paper describes the techniques of connecting of the earthing system components in relation to the requirements of national standards for the most commonly used methods. The guidelines for the length and quality of joints in conventional arc welding method were analyzed. The screwed connections are discussed on the example of cruciform clamps. Properties of the exothermic welding technique are presented. The types of connections were compared in relation to corrosion resistance, mechanical strength and the need of additional corrosion protection measures.
EN
Friction stir welding was invented for the welding of Aluminium alloys and progressively using for other different metallic alloys which was difficult to welding by other conventional welding method as fusion welding. FSW is a solid state joining welding technique in which material undergoes intense plastic deformation at elevated temperaturę resulting in generation of fine grain microstructure which exhibited good mechanical properties. Development of FSW is considered to be most significant for the industry of aerospace and aircraft, shipping and marine industries, railway industries etc. There was difficulty in mass production of fabrication of soft material like aluminium. That was major challenge. And the second thing was costly FSW machine. To resolve these problems, converted vertical milling machine and flexible fixture had been designed. Fixture was designed using solid works software keeping certain things in view like groove of fixture to be such that it accommodates metal plate to be welded, then manufacturing of fixture was done using different machine tool. Apart from this a two nos. of clamps was also manufactured for holding the plates firmly and subsequently a stopper was also manufactured for the purpose of fixing and balancing of plates to be welded. Design was accommodating butt weld and lap joint both in single frame. The fixture was also investigated vibration analysis for machinery fault diagnosis. The vibration results were satisfactory for welded joints.
EN
In the work presented of physical model of the system with joint elastic strip in the rigid clamp. Nonlinear friction model contact between elastic strip and rigid clamp, taking structural friction into account is presented. During load, relieve and again load free part of the strip, displacement in a function of the longitudinal force external was determined. The obtained dependences of the displacement enable determination of the hysteresis loop describes elasto-frictional properties of the joint. The mathematical model of vibrating system with an elastic strip in a rigid clamp was built. The equation of motion for the nonlinear system were solved numerically and its damping characteristics were investigation.
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