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Effect of Seeding Rate and the Spraying with Licorice Extract in Oil Percentage and Active Ingredients of Caraway (Carum Carvi L.)

Hassan Ahmed Yassin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

140--150

EN

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of three levels of seeding rate (4.7 and 10 kg•h-1) and three concentrations of licorice extract (0.3 and 6 g•L-1) the data were analyzed statistically by using a factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed that the seeding rate 7 kg•h-1 gave a significant increase in seeds yield, volatile oil yield, and limonene ratio, which were 1162.6 kg•h-1, 25.6 kg•h-1, and 30.41%, respectively. In turn, seeding rate 4 kg•h-1 gave a higher average of the volatile oil percent and carvone percent, which were 2.3 % and 67.27%, respectively. The results also revealed that spraying of licorice extract with 3 g•L-1 gave significantly influenced in seeds yield and volatile oil yield which were (1016.6 and 23.3 kg•h-1) respectively, whereas the spraying of licorice extract with 6 g•L-1 gave the highest ratio of carvone and limonene which were 29.71% and 67.54% respectively. The interaction between the seeding rate of 7 kg•h-1 and licorice extract with 3 g•L-1 had a significant effect on seeds yield and volatile oil yield, which amounted to (1234.2 and 28.4 kg•h-1), respectively.

2

Response of corn seedlings on mint and caraway essential oils in microencapsulated formulation

Pociecha E., Gorczyca A., Synowiec A., Staszkiewicz K., Matras E.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 63, nr 3

62--69

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of microencapsulated essential oils (EO) of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) and caraway (Carum carvi L.) on the initial growth and metabolism of maize (Zea mays L.). Four concentrations EO of caraway and peppermint, i.e. 3, 30, 300 and 3000 mg·L-1, were used. The influence of EO on the energy of germination of seeds, germination coefficient, biometry of seedlings, infection of seedlings by blight, activity of amylases in seeds, electrolyte leakage and efficiency of photosystem II were assessed. The results of an experiment showed that EO only in the highest concentrations have an inhibitory effect on the initial growth of maize. Concentrations in the range of 3-300 mg·L-1 do not limit the growth of maize seedlings. The EO in the lowest concentrations have a limiting effect on the pathogenesis of seedling blight caused by microorganisms of the natural seed microbiome. Based on the results, it can be concluded that peppermint and caraway EO have potential as a natural herbicide in the maize protection.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu mikrokapsułkowanych olejków eterycznych (EO) z mięty (Mentha × piperita L.) i kminku (Carum carvi L.) na początkowy wzrost i metabolizm kukurydzy (Zea mays L.). W doświadczeniu wykorzystano cztery stężenia olejku miętowego i kminkowego, tj. 3, 30, 300 i 3000 mg·L-1. Oceniono wpływ EO na energię kiełkowania nasion, współczynnik kiełkowania, biometrię siewek, porażenie zgorzelą siewek, analizę aktywności amylaz w nasionach, wyciek elektrolitów i wydajność fotosystemu II. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono, że EO tylko w najwyższych stężeniach mają hamujący wpływ na początkowy wzrost kukurydzy. Stężenia w zakresie 3-300 mg·L-1 nie ograniczają wzrostu siewek kukurydzy. EO w najniższych stężeniach mają działanie ograniczające patogenezę zgorzeli siewek wywołanej przez mikroorganizmy naturalnego mikrobiomu nasion. Podsumowując, należy stwierdzić, że kukurydza wykazuje mniejszą wrażliwość na zastosowane EO niż chwasty. W związku z tym EO z mięty i kminku mają potencjał jako naturalne herbicydy w ochronie kukurydzy.

3

Harmfulness of Septoria carvi Syd. towards caraway and preparations limiting occurrence of fungus

Zalewska E.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2016

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Vol. 23, nr 2

333--346

EN

Septoria carvi is an important pathogen of caraway. With the increasing occurrence of septoriosis of caraway during warm and humid growing seasons, the possibility of limiting the growth and development of the fungus was investigated. In vitro studies included 2 preparations of natural origin, ie Biosept Active, Beta-chikol and 12 fungicides from different chemical groups, as well as one isolate K 1806 S. carvi, obtained from caraway. Tests were performed by poisoning the culture media. The percentage of inhibition of the growth of four- and eight-day-old fungus colonies on the medium with preparations in comparison to the control colonies was a measure of the toxic activity of the preparations. The effectiveness of Beta-chikol in limiting S. carvi colony growth was significantly higher than the efficiency of Biosept Active. All tested fungicides limited the growth of the fungus colony and their inhibitory effect increased with the concentration of the active ingredient in the medium. The most effective preparation in vitro was Signum 33 WG, belonging to the strobilurin compounds. In vivo studies investigated the effect of Beta-chikol, Biosept Active and Dithane NeoTec 75 WG on the health of caraway plants. The occurrence of septoriosis was determined basing on the presence of disease symptoms and the mycological analysis of diseased plants. A significant reduction of septoriosis symptoms on plants and plant colonization by the fungus was caused by Biosept Active and Dithane NeoTec 75WG.

4

Wpływ obróbki ultradźwiękowej na proces pozyskiwania olejków eterycznych z nasion kminku zwyczajnego

Kobus Z., Nadulski R., Guz T., Panasiewicz M., Rydzak L., Kulig R.

Agricultural Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 18, No. 1

51--58

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu wstępnej obróbki ultradźwiękowej na proces destylacji olejków eterycznych z nasion kminku zwyczajnego. Badania przeprowadzono w dwóch wariantach. W pierwszym procesowi destylacji poddano całe nasiona, zaś w drugim nasiona rozdrobnione. Do generowania ultradźwięków wykorzystano procesor ultradźwiękowy (Sonic VC 750) z głowicą o średnicy 19 mm, pracujący z częstotliwością 20 kHz. Zastosowano następujące parametry wstępnej sonifikacji nasion: czas obróbki od 20 do 60 minut, natężenie ultradźwięków: 28 i 42 W·cm-2. Stwierdzono, że wstępna obróbka ultradźwiękowa nasion kminku znacząco przyśpiesza tempo pozyskiwania olejków oraz zwiększa końcową wydajność procesu. W zależności od czasu i natężenia ultradźwięków zanotowano wzrost wydajności od 9 do 40%. Zaobserwowano także istotny wpływ rozdrobnienia nasion na kinetykę procesu destylacji.

EN

The paper presents research results concerning the influence of ultrasound pre-treatment on the process of distillation of essence from caraway seeds. Tests were carried out in two variants. In the first one, whole seeds were subjected to distillation process, and in the second one ground seeds. An ultrasound processor (Sonic VC 750) with a head of 19 mm diameter operating with frequency 20 kHz was used for generating ultrasounds. The following parameters of initial sonification of seeds were applied: treatment time from 20 to 60 minutes, intensity of ultrasounds: 28 and 42 W·cm-2. It was found out that the initial ultrasound treatment of caraway considerably speeds up the rate of obtaining essence and increases the final efficiency of the process. Depending on the time and intensity of ultrasounds the increase of efficiency from 9 to 40% was reported. Moreover, a significant impact of seeds fragmentation on the kinetics of the distillation process was reported.