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Built heritage aspect and its implications for value-based urban conservation in historic urban precincts

Abdurahiman Shahim, Kasthurba Ayikkara Kizhakkayil, Nuzhat Afifa

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2024

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Nr 77

72--81

EN

The Burra Charter has described and emphasized the need to preserve the cultural significance of a place through the preservation of the embedded values associated with the place. Historic urban precincts are an embodiment of heritage values. The built entities within a historic urban precinct contributes towards the area’s aesthetic value, causatively preserving the overall character and significance of the precinct. The factors contributing to the built value of a historic urban precinct demand exploration to ensure continuity in the physical fabric regarding historicity, knowledge systems, and architectural language. The paper explores the role of the built heritage aspect within the value-based approach and aims to discuss its relevance and implication in urban conservation. The study proposes a theoretical framework with a set of twelve identified sub-criteria broadly distributed into three main criteria. Relative Importance Index technique (RII) was used to assign weights for the items to develop a weighted framework. The framework recognizes and emphasizes the built heritage as a key contributor to the physical urban fabric. The study has future scope for contextualizing the identified indicators with context-specific variables that can assist policymakers in developing policies that address the built-heritage aspect, conserve it and adapt it to the urban fabric sensitively.

PL

Karta Burra opisała i podkreśliła potrzebę zachowania kulturalnego znaczenia miejsca poprzez zachowanie wartości z nim związanych. Zabytkowe obszary miejskie są ucieleśnieniem wartości zabytkowych. Obiekty wzniesione w zabytkowej tkance miejskiej przyczyniają się do wzrostu jej wartości estetycznej, skutkując zachowaniem całościowego charakteru i znaczenia tego obszaru. Czynniki składające się na dziedzictwo urbanistyczno- archeologiczne powinny zostać zbadane, aby zapewnić ciągłość w fizycznej tkance pod względem historyczności, systemów wiedzy i języka architektonicznego. Artykuł omawia rolę aspektu dziedzictwa urbanistyczno- archeologicznego opartego na wartościach i przedstawia jego znaczenie i implikacje w konserwacji urbanistycznej. W badaniu zaproponowano ramy teoretyczne wraz z zestawem 12 zidentyfikowanych subkryteriów, szeroko rozdystrybuowanych wśród trzech głównych kryteriów. Do przyporządkowania wag poszczególnym elementom użyto techniki Wskaźnika Względnej Ważności (WWW) oraz rozwinięto ramy wagowe. Ramy te uznają dziedzictwo urbanistyczno-archeologiczne za kluczowy składnik fizycznej tkanki miejskiej. Badanie może zostać wykorzystane do skontekstualizowania wskaźników ze zmiennymi właściwymi dla kontekstu; może też przyczynić się do konserwacji dziedzictwa urbanistyczno-archeologicznego i zaadaptowania go w sposób wrażliwy do tkanki miejskiej.

2

Schmidt hammer exposure dating for brick masonry

Debailleux Laurent

Geochronometria

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2020

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Vol. 47, no.1

54--62

EN

This research investigates the validity of the Schmidt hammer exposure dating (SHED) technique as a complementary means to date monuments according to the evaluation of the brick decay from masonry exposed to climatic conditions. The degree of surface weathering, I5 (%) is calculated as an indicator of the ageing effect and compared to the absolute age of the churches constructed between 1600 and 1795. This paper discusses the results obtained with such a method and the use of the technique within the framework of historical research. Tests were done on exterior church walls built between the 17th and 19th centuries. All the churches were located within the limited geographical area of Hainaut, in the south of Belgium. Results indicate that SHED provides encouraging results for buildings constructed between 1790 and 1895, with a linear correlation (R2>0.8) between surface weathering of brick façades and their ages. However, the weathering indices show high variability of values for the period 1750−1790, which may confirm that the variable qualities of bricks were in use during this period of time because of the different production techniques. As such, the results highlight the probable influence of the entire manufacturing and construction process and technical improvements in traditional brick-making.

3

Public engagement towards sustainable heritage preservation

Marcal Helia

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2019

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Nr 8

185--210

EN

Nowadays, heritage conservators are required to have not only a wide variety of technical but also social and human skills. The shift from a material-based conservation to an approach that focuses on subjects instead of objects (Muñoz Viñas, 2005, p. 147) is a structural approach in contemporary theories of conservation. This tendency towards subjectivity created many possibilities by exposing the multiple perspectives that surround a conservation object. At the same time, it made very clear that conservation objects are contextual and contingent (Clavir, 2009, p. 141). This dichotomy between the tangible and intangible features of a conservation object, however, has been successively overlooked in most conservation endeavours. Prior to the conservation decision-making, institutions usually identified the main stakeholders, with publics and communities being part of that sphere together with owners, artists, and conservators, among others. The decision-making process, however, does not engage with communities in practice. This situation is very problematic for the conservation of cultural heritage objects in general, but it becomes truly hazardous for the preservation of cultural heritage with strong intangible features, such as social artistic practices, ethnographic objects, public art, participatory or performance art or even built heritage, which necessarily involves strong cooperation with communities and artists. After all, to whom are conservators preserving cultural heritage? What is the purpose of conserving cultural heritage for “future generations” if “present generations” are not called to decide in that process? This paper attempts to reflect upon these questions through histories around two buildings in Lisbon that had relevant roles during the Portuguese dictatorship (1933-1974).