Skuteczne wykorzystanie metod proteomiki i metabolomiki do badania molekularnych mechanizmów procesów zachodzących w układach biologicznych w znacznej mierze zależy od tego, jak duży procent składników badanych układów uda się objąć skuteczną analizą.
Techniki spektrometrii mas pozwalają identyfikować strukturę i skład pierwiastkowy związków chemicznych w badanej próbce. Zastosowana procedura analityczna umożliwiła identyfikację i oznaczenie niskocząsteczkowych związków zawierających selen w próbkach tkanek pobranych od zwierząt po suplementacji związkami selenu.
Opracowanie prezentuje wybrane metody spektroskopowe i ich zastosowanie do badań obiektów biologicznych, takich jak: białka, kwasy tłuszczowe i komórki. Wśród omówionych metod znajdują się: spektroskopia w podczerwieni, spektroskopia Ramana, spektroskopia magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego, spektrometria mas oraz spektroskopia sił atomowych. Wszystkie prezentowane wyniki uzyskane zostały w laboratoriach BioNanoParku.
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The paper presents selected spectroscopic methods and their application for the study of biological objects, such as proteins, fatty acids and cells. The discussed methods include: infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and atomic force spectroscopy. All the presented results were obtained in BioNanoPark laboratories.
Models of complex biological systems can be built using different types of Petri nets. Qualitative nets, for example, can be successfully used to obtain a model of such a system and on its basis a structure-based analysis can be performed. Time is an important factor influencing a whole biological system behaviour and in many cases it should be considered during building a model of such a system. In this paper various types of time Petri nets have been described and methods for studying corresponding models have been discussed. In particular, an algorithm using time parameters to enhance t-invariants based analysis is proposed. This algorithm allows for calculation of the minimal and maximal numbers of tokens (respectively, for an optimistic and pessimistic case) in particular places necessary to assure that all transitions from a given t-invariant support will be able to fire. Additionally, to address the problem of the proper assignment of time values to transitions, the known methods for calculation and evaluation of such time parameters based on the net structure have also been discussed.
Masa jest jedną z podstawowych i jednocześnie stosunkowo prostych do opisania i zmierzenia wielkości charakteryzujących indywidua chemiczne, pozwala na uzyskanie bardzo specyficznych informacji. Z tego właśnie powodu w nowoczesnej analizie chemicznej szeroko wykorzystuje się pomiar masy cząsteczek i atomów.
We współpracy z biologami próbujemy odpowiedzieć na pytania dotyczące mechanizmów procesów fizjologicznych i patologicznych leżących u podstaw funkcjonowania wielu organizmów.
Rozwój nowoczesnych wysokorozdzielczych tandemowych spektrometrów mas, charakteryzujących się bardzo wysoką dokładnością pomiaru masy, umożliwia identyfikację i analizę ilościową tysięcy związków chemicznych zarówno nisko-, jak i wysokocząsteczkowych w próbkach pochodzenia naturalnego.
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The context of this work is the reconstruction of Petri net models for biological systems from experimental data. Such methods aim at generating all network alternatives fitting the given data. To keep the solution set small while guaranteeing its completeness, the idea is to generate only Petri nets being “minimal” in the sense that all other networks fitting the data contain the reconstructed ones. In this paper, we consider Petri nets with extensions in two directions: priority relations among the transitions of a network in order to allow modeling deterministic systems, and control-arcs in order to represent catalytic or inhibitory dependencies. We define a containment relation for Petri nets taking both concepts, priority relations and control-arcs, into account. We discuss the consequences for this kind of Petri nets differing in their sets of control-arcs and priority relations, and the impact of our results towards the reconstruction of such Petri nets.
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The present study is the first investigation of the phytoplankton community in one of Egypt's saltworks. The phytoplankton composition and distribution in five ponds of increasing salinity were investigated in the solar saltern of Port Fouad. The phytoplankton community consisted of 42 species belonging to cyanobacteria (16), diatoms (12), dinoflagellates (11), Euglenophyceae (2) and Chlorophyceae (1). The number of species decreased significantly and rapidly with increasing salinity, varying between 33 species in the first pond (P1) and one species in the crystallizer pond (P5). Conversely, the total phytoplankton density, except that recorded in P1, increased significantly with rising salinity, fluctuating between 8.7 and 56 × 10^5 individuals l-1 in P2 and P5 respectively. In spite of the local variations in climate and nutrient availability, the phytoplankton composition, density and spatial variations along the salinity gradient were, in many respects, very similar to what has been observed in other solar saltworks. The pond with the lowest salinity (P1 - < 52 g l-1) was characterized by a significant diversity and blooming of diatoms and dinoflagellates. Intermediate salinity ponds (P2 and P3) with salinity ? 112-180 g l-1 exhibited a decline in both species richness and density, but the stenohaline blue green algae ( Synechocystis salina) did flourish. The highly saline concentrating ponds and crystallizers (P4 and P5) with salinity ~ 223-340 g l-1 were characterized by few species, the disappearance of blue green algae and the thriving of the halotolerant green alga Dunaliella salina.
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For decades, scientists have sought to elucidate self-organized patterning during development of higher organisms. It has been shown that cell interaction plays a key role in this process. One example is the community effect, an interaction among undifferentiated cells. The community effect allows cell population to forge a common identity, that is, coordinated and sustained tissue-specific gene expression. The community effect was originally observed in muscle differentiation in Xenopus embryos, and is now thought to be a widespread phenomenon. From a modelling point of view, the community effect is the existence of a threshold size of cell populations, above which the probability of tissue-specific gene expression for a sustained period increases significantly. Below this threshold size, the cell population fails to maintain tissue-specific gene expression after the initial induction. In this work, we examine the dynamics of a community effect in space and investigate its roles in two other processes of self-organized patterning by diffusible factors: Turing’s reaction-diffusion system and embryonic induction by morphogens. Our major results are the following. First, we show that, starting from a one-dimensional space model with the simplest possible feedback loop, a community effect spreads in an unlimited manner in space. Second, this unrestricted expansion of a community effect can be avoided by additional negative feedback. In Turing’s reaction-diffusion system with a built-in community effect, if induction is localized, sustained activation also remains localized. Third, when a simple cross-repression gene circuitry is combined with a community effect loop, the system self-organizes. A gene expression pattern with a well-demarcated boundary appears in response to a transient morphogen gradient. Surprisingly, even when the morphogen distribution eventually becomes uniform, the system can maintain the pattern. The regulatory network thus confers memory of morphogen dynamics.
W niniejszej pracy zbadano zjawisko chaosu i oscylacji okresowych w wybranych układach biologicznych. Przeanalizowano dwa modele matematyczne uwzględniające interakcje drapieżnik-ofiara : model oddziaływania między populacjami drapieżników ogólnego i specyficznego a dwiema populacjami ofiar oraz model oddziaływania między populacjami dwóch drapieżników specyficznych a dwiema populacjami ofiar. Przeanalizowano wpływ parametrów na zachowanie układu. W tym celu dla każdego modelu przeprowadzono serie symulacji numerycznych. W każdej kolejnej symulacji zmieniano tylko jeden parametr. Następnie dla każdej symulacji określono trajektorie zależności gęstości populacji od czasu. Jednocześnie wyznaczono zależności wskaźników całkowych od analizowanych parametrów. Następnie określono, czy maksymalna wartość wskaźników całkowych znajduje się w obszarze oscylacji.
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In this paper of the phenomenon of the chaos and periodical oscillations in chosen biological arrangements was investigated. Two mathematic models describing predator-prey interaction was studied : model of interaction between the specialist and generalist predators and its prey and model of interactions between two specialist predatprs and its prey. The influence of parameters on behaviour of arrangement was analyzed. For this purpose series of numerical simulations was carried out. In each simulation only one parameterwas changed. For each simulation trajectory population density on time was specified. Simultaneously the dependence of the integral index of analyzed parameters was determined. Then was specified whether maximum of values of integral indexes is in the area oscillations.
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Human life is not just a matter of biology, it is also the structure of bioelectronics, which has an impact on health, illness and human behavior. In this new paradigm of bioelectronics a man in the field of Quantum Processes begins to appear and is understood as a device processing bioelectronics, storing and managing information. Quantum man is the same man as the physiological and anatomical one, but is received on the quantum way. His biological system consists of a biological material that is both electronic properties of piezoelectric material, and semiconductor pyroelectric. In this paradigm, bioelectronics nerve cell and the brain are treated as a quantum computer. The rapid development of molecular electronics and biotechnology will lead to the fact that our lives will have to adapt to the requirements of biological computers and many electronic devices, which will make people recording information in the brain and the school program. It will resemble a tape or a CD. In this new system of teaching the amount of information in the brain is expected to double X, the power of the body but not every psychic will be easy to Adopt this style of teaching, Which will often lead to many disorders of the human personality.
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