Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Use of Giant Miscanthus (Miscanthus × Giganteus) in 2G Bioethanol Production

Smuga-Kogut Małgorzata, Bugajski Sławomir, Piskier Tomasz, Walendzik Bartosz

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2023

|

Tom 25

413--422

EN

The study aimed to obtain bioethanol from biomass using chemical treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (5 and 10%) were used for the delignification process, and enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using three commercial cellulolytic preparations (Cellic® CTec2, cellulase from Trichoderma reesei and cellulase from Aspergillus species). The final step involved an alcoholic fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TYPE II yeast. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of reducing sugars was determined in the samples, and the fermentation yield was controlled by determining the ethanol content by pycnometry. Using chemical pretreatment increased the yield of the whole process by at least 50%. The content of reducing sugars after hydrolysis depended on the type of enzyme preparation used for hydrolysis and the use of NaOH in pretreatment. The highest reducing sugars content (45.8 g/dm3) was achieved in a sample of material purified with 5% NaOH, and enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using Cellic® CTec2. It means the efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis process equals 94.69%. The concentration of bioethanol after alcoholic fermentation in this sample was 0.509 g/l.

2

Efektywność energetyczna produkcji i konwersji ziarna pszenicy ozimej do bioetanolu

Klikocka Hanna, Szczepaniak Witold

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 7

664--673

PL

W pracy wykorzystano wyniki eksperymentu polowego, w którym pszenicę nawożono dawkami azotu, wzrastającymi progresywnie co 40 kg/ha w przedziale 0-240 kg/ha, oraz prowadzono w układzie z i bez ochrony fungicydowej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że pszenicę o małej zawartości białka (poniżej 12%) można przeznaczyć do produkcji bioetanolu. Wynik taki otrzymano po zastosowaniu nawożenia azotem w zakresie 40-160 kg/ha (o zawartości białka poniżej 12%). Dawki te i pełna ochrona fungicydowa dają korzystny plon ziarna, skrobi i bioetanolu oraz korzystnie wpływają na wskaźniki energetyczne produkcji ziarna i bioetanolu.

EN

Data from a field expt. carried out in 2 growing seasons was used to calc. the energy consumption of winter wheat prodn. The wheat was fertilized with N doses, increasing progressively in 40 kg/ha increments between 0-240 kg/ha, and cultivated in a system with and without fungicide protection. Wheat with a low protein content (less than 12%) obtained after applying N fertilization in the range of 40-160 kg/ha can be used for the prodn. of bioethanol. These doses and full fungicide protection gave a favorable yield of grain, starch and bioethanol, and had a pos. effect on energy indices of grain and bioethanol prodn.

3

Bioethanol Production from Chlorella Pyrenoidosa by Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation Method

Yerizam Muhammad, Jannah Asyeni Miftahul, Aprianti Nabila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

34--40

EN

Starch can be found in microalgae, the raw material for the third generation of bioethanol production. One of them is C. pyrenoidosa. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of α-amylase enzyme concentration on the glucose contents produced and the effects of fermentation time on bioethanol contents produced. The hydrolysis process of this study was conducted using an α-amylase enzyme produced by A. niger. Several analyses in this research were carried out, including the analysis of enzyme activity using the Fuwa method, the analysis of glucose levels from enzymatic hydrolysis using the DNS method, and the analysis of bioethanol contents using the density method and GC-MS. The highest glucose content was 0.67 mg/mL, which was obtained from the addition of 40% (v/w) α-amylase enzyme, and the yield of bioethanol content from the sample treated 40% (v/w) α-amylase enzyme and fermented for 9 days was the optimum, which produced 28.07% of bioethanol content.

4

The Influence of Selected Physico-Chemical Pretreatment Methods on Chemical Composition and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Yield of Poplar Wood and Corn Stover

Antczak Andrzej, Szadkowski Jan, Radomski Andrzej, Zawadzki Janusz, Dąbkowska-Susfał Katarzyna, Walkowiak Małgorzata, Witczak Magdalena, Cichy Wojciech

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

|

2023

|

Vol. 66, nr 211

Art. no. 1644-3985.423.01

EN

In the paper, three different physico-chemical pretreatment methods in relation to bioethanol production were compared. The wood of fast-growing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook) and corn stover were used as a feedstock. The chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of the biomass before and after pretreatments were compared. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that the applied pretreatments changed the chemical composition of the raw materials. In the case of the acid and LHW (liquid hot water pretreatment) methods, up to 93.7% of hemicelluloses (especially pentosans) were removed. From among the selected pretreatment methods, the LHW and alkaline methods occurred to be the most interesting. Nevertheless, from the bioethanol production point of view, the LHW process of Populus deltoides x maximowiczii wood was the best because after enzymatic hydrolysis, high amounts of glucose (up to 600.9 mg/g pretreated biomass) and minor amounts of xylose (up to 37.9 mg/g pretreated biomass) were produced. Moreover, based on the chemical composition and sugar profile analysis, it was proved that the Populus trichocarpa wood also has a high potential for bioethanol production.

5

Investigation of the influence of hydrogen on the energy performance of a spark ignition engine using gasoline and bioethanol fuel mixtures

Mejeras Gabrielius, Rimkus Alfredas, Matijošius Jonas

Transport Problems

|

2021

|

T. 16, z. 3

41--51

EN

The results of experimental studies of gasoline mixed with 10% bioethanol (E10), bioethanol mixed with 15% gasoline (E85), and hydrogen– oxygen gas (HHO) supplied as an additional fuel are presented in this paper. Research was carried out to determine whether E85 with hydrogen– oxygen gas is feasible for use as a replacement fuel. During the test, a port injection HR16DE spark ignition engine was used. Experiments were carried out at a constant engine speed (n = 2000 rpm), throttle opened at 15°, using a stoichiometric mixture λ = 1.0 and a lean mixture λ = 1.1. After determining brake torque, fuel consumption data, and energy performance, the results of various fuels were determined. It was found that the highest engine brake torque was developed using E85, but at the same time, fuel consumption increased. E85 yielded the best energy efficiency for a lean mixture (λ = 1.1). A small amount of HHO gas (~ 0.95% energy) yielded a small positive effect only on using E10 fuel at λ = 1.1.

6

Diagnostics of the efficiency and assessment of the possibilities of bioethanol production at sugar beet industry enterprises and distilleries in Ukraine

Kaletnik Grygorii, Pryshliak Natalia, Palamarenko Yana

Polityka Energetyczna

|

2021

|

T. 24, z. 2

137--156

EN

In modern conditions of economic globalization, strengthening market relations and aggravated competition, the economic development of an enterprise directly depends on the introduction of innovations. The transition to an innovative path of development requires the enterprise to determine its readiness and assess the possibility of development and the further implementation of innovations. Modern trends in the production of conventional liquid fuels in Ukraine, in particular, analysis of the production of motor gasoline and primary oil refining in Ukraine, the share of motor gasoline produced in Ukraine in the total volume of gasoline used, the volume of bioethanol production by Ukrainian distillery factories have been analyzed in the article. An assessment of the resource production potential for the production of bioethanol in Ukraine has been carried out. Possibilities of bioethanol production in Ukraine at distilleries have been investigated. An analysis of molasses production in Ukraine and theoretically possible volumes of bioethanol production from molasses in Ukraine have been calculated. The scheme of key strategic priorities for the development of the food ethanol and bioethanol in Ukraine has been proposed. The advantages of using bioethanol in the gasoline-ethanol blends for vehicles have been noted, a SWOT analysis map for organizing the production of bioethanol at sugar beet processing plant and distilleries has been generated. The needs of Ukraine in the production of bioethanol have been calculated and, according to the results obtained, the volumes of bioethanol production have been predicted.

PL

We współczesnych warunkach globalizacji gospodarczej, coraz mocniejszych relacji rynkowych i zaostrzonej konkurencji rozwój gospodarczy przedsiębiorstwa zależy bezpośrednio od wprowadzania innowacji. Przejście na innowacyjną ścieżkę rozwoju wymaga od przedsiębiorstwa określenia swojej gotowości oraz oceny możliwości rozwoju i dalszego wdrażania innowacji. W artykule przeanalizowano współczesne trendy w produkcji konwencjonalnych paliw płynnych na Ukrainie, w szczególności dokonano analizy produkcji benzyn silnikowych i rafinacji ropy naftowej, określono udział benzyny silnikowej wyprodukowanej na Ukrainie w całkowitym wolumenie zużytej benzyny oraz wolumen produkcji bioetanolu przez ukraińskie zakłady gorzelnicze. Dokonano oceny potencjału produkcyjnego surowców do produkcji bioetanolu na Ukrainie oraz zbadano możliwości produkcji bioetanolu w gorzelniach. Dokonano również analizy produkcji melasy oraz określono teoretycznie możliwe wielkości produkcji bioetanolu z melasy na Ukrainie. Zaproponowano schemat kluczowych priorytetów strategicznych dla rozwoju produkcji etanolu spożywczego i bioetanolu. Zwrócono uwagę na zalety stosowania bioetanolu w mieszankach benzyny z etanolem do pojazdów, sporządzono analizę SWOT organizacji produkcji bioetanolu w zakładach przetwórstwa buraków cukrowych i w gorzelniach. Obliczono zapotrzebowanie Ukrainy na produkcję bioetanolu i na podstawie uzyskanych wyników przewidziano wielkość produkcji bioetanolu.

7

Motor Fuels and Energy – Producing Fuels Generation Based on the Processing of Municipal Solid Waste Organic Components

Temirbekova Marzhan, Wójcik Waldemar, Stoyak Vyacheslav V.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 7

73--80

EN

Municipal solid waste management and its disposal are considered one of the major challenges facing the urban communities around the world. Effective solid waste treatment involves a variety of approaches, treatment technologies and concepts to ensure the protection of public health and the environment. Waste landfill is the method most commonly used worldwide, despite all the significant environmental, health and economic consequences. Thus, alternative methods such as the municipal solid waste pretreatment, fermentation, ethanol fermentation and anaerobic fermentation have been the focus of heightened attention. Using these methods, an alcohol-containing liquid was obtained from 1.5 kg of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), which had an ethanol percentage of 97.45%. Consequently, if properly managed and used, municipal solid waste can be a viable source of energy rather than a source of pollution.

8

Effects of soaking aqueous ammonia pretreatment on chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover

Akus-Szylberg Florentyna, Antczak Andrzej, Zawadzki Janusz

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

|

2021

|

No. 115

29--36

EN

Effects of soaking aqueous ammonia pretreatment on chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of applying two different temperatures of the soaking aqueous ammonia treatment on the chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis yield of the corn stover. Native corn stover as well as solid fractions after 20 h of alkali pretreatment performed at 15% ammonia solution and at 50 °C or 90 °C were analysed in terms of cellulose, holocellulose, lignin and extractives content. Both untreated and treated samples were subjected to the enzymatic hydrolysis and hydrolysates were examined with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated a significant development of enzymatic digestibility of the SAA treated biomass. Furthermore, a 38.7% and a 68.9% delignification levels in the biomass treated with ammonia at respectively 50 °C and 90 °C process comparing to the raw material were achieved.

PL

Wpływ wstępnej obróbki słomy kukurydzianej w wodnym roztworze amoniaku (SAA) na jej skład chemiczny i hydrolizę enzymatyczną. Celem badań było zbadanie wpływu zastosowania dwóch rożnych temperatur podczas obróbki wstępnej wodnym roztworem amoniaku słomy kukurydzianej na jej skład chemiczny oraz wydajność hydrolizy enzymatycznej. Próbki słomy natywnej, jak i słomy po 20 godzinach obróbki w 15% roztworze amoniaku i temperaturze 50 °C lub 90 °C zostały przebadane pod kątem zawartości celulozy, hemiceluloz, ligniny i substancji ekstrakcyjnych. Zarówno materiał natywny, jak i po obróbce został podany również hydrolizie enzymatycznej, a hydrolizaty zostały przebadane przy pomocy wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej (HPLC). Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić wysoce zwiększoną zawartość cukrów w hydrolizatach biomasy po obróbce SAA. Ponadto, osiągnięto 38.7% oraz 68.9% poziom delignifikacji odpowiednio po procedurze SAA przeprowadzonej w 50 °C i 90 °C.

9

Metodyka optymalizacji algorytmu sterowania w aspekcie ograniczenia zużycia energii w procesie wytwarzania bioetanolu

Lis Stanisław, Tomasik Marcin, Szul Tomasz, Łyszczarz Piotr

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2020

|

R. 96, nr 1

214--217

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę sterowania automatycznego procesem wytwarzania bioetanolu. Opracowano modele symulacyjne obiektu i układu sterowania. Do sterowania zastosowano regulatory relay oraz PID. Analizowano wpływ algorytmu sterowania na zużycie energii w rozpatrywanym procesie. Opracowany system testowano z wykorzystaniem obiektu rzeczywistego. Istotę działania układu sterowania przedstawiono na schematach blokowych i wykresach.

EN

The article presents the analysis of the automatic control of the bioethanol production process. Simulation models were established for the object and the control system. Relay and PID regulators were used in the control system. The analysis covers the impact of the control system on energy consumption in the aforementioned process. The system was tested with the use of a real object. The nature of work of the control system was presented in a form of flow charts and graphs.

10

Some Aspects of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Using Biofuels

Litvak Olga, Litvak Serhii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 8

198--206

EN

The article is devoted to a study of the issues related to the processes of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions using different types of biofuels. The dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions in the global energy sector were analyzed and it was determined that a stable level of the CO2 emissions in the last three years is due to introduction of the technologies with the use of renewable energy sources by developed countries. It was proven that the assessment of total greenhouse gas emissions requires an analysis of emissions throughout the life cycle of a biofuel. The impact of a biofuel on the climate change depends on the raw material from which it is produced, and which has a decisive influence on its chemical composition and performance. It was established that a significant role in ensuring energy security and preventing climate change is attributed to the development of biotechnologies, unrelated to the risks of agricultural production. The use of a biofuel from lignocellulose raw material may be more efficient in terms of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. A biofuel, obtained from the processing of microalgae, also has important prospects. The ability of microalgae to bind atmospheric carbon dioxide may have a positive effect on solving the problem of greenhouse effect.

11

Production and Use of Liquid Biofuels for Heating Purposes

Nowak Krzysztof, Kut Paweł

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 6

169--175

EN

The increased consumption of fossil fuels and energy result directly from the economic development of countries around the world. The economic development also affects the price of fuels, the cost of energy production and, above all, the progressing degradation of the natural environment. Therefore, increasing emphasis is placed on the possibility of efficient generation of heat and electricity from alternative fuels. Biofuels are obtained from the biomass subjected to the biochemical or thermochemical processes. They may be in solid, liquid or gaseous form. They are a very good alternative, enabling to become independent of the fossil energy sources such as coal, oil or gas. The locally produced biofuels can be a cheap energy carrier and also contribute to the climate protection. The main purpose of this article was to present the general characteristics of liquid biofuels. The methods and processes of their production as well as the possibilities of using them in the heating processes are discussed. The preliminary results of comparison of energy values for bioethanol from different distillation stages on laboratory scale were also presented. On the basis of literature review and own research results it can be noticed that the liquid biofuels are an interesting alternative to the conventional fuels.

12

Bioetanol: paliwo przyszłości

Szymańska Magdalena

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

|

2020

|

nr 5

28--31

PL

Produkcja etanolu jest jedną z najstarszych umiejętności przetwarzania produktów roślinnych, którą człowiek posiadł już w epoce archaicznej i którą udoskonalał przez tysiąclecia. Teraz, dzięki rozwojowi technologii, bioetanol ma szansę stać się transportowym paliwem przyszłości.

13

Hydrothermal pretreatment of poplar (Populus trichocarpa) wood and its impact on chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis yield

Akus-Szylberg Florentyna, Antczak Andrzej, Zawadzki Janusz

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

|

2020

|

vol. 63, nr 206

5--18

EN

This paper focuses on the effect of liquid hot water pretreatment of fast-growing poplar wood in the context of bioethanol production. The milled Populus trichocarpa wood with a particle size of 0.43-1.02 mm was pretreated with liquid hot water method at temperatures range from 160ºC to 205ºC and then was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The glucose and xylose content in the hydrolyzates were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of results it was concluded, that increase of temperature in the hydrothermal pretreatment resulted in an increase of glucose and decrease of xylose content. However, increased temperature of the process led to inhibitor formation.

14

Evaluation of the heat release rate during the combustion process in the diesel engine chamber powered with fuel from renewable energy sources

Bednarski M., Orliński P., Wojs M., Gis M.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

|

2020

|

Vol. 68, nr 6

1333--1339

EN

The article describes the results of combustion of a mixture of PCOME (purified cooking oil esters) and bioethanol in the compression ignition Perkins 1104C-44 engine. The engine was prepared for use with the classic type of fuel – diesel oil, not biofuels. That is why bioethanol was added to ester in tests so that the basic physicochemical properties of the obtained mixture were as close as possible to diesel fuel. Thanks to this, the use of such fuel in the future would not require reworking or adjusting the settings of selected elements of the engine power supply system. During this case study, the engine performance and heat release rate were analyzed. For comparison, tests were carried out while powering the engine with ester fuel, 10 and 20 per cent mixtures of bioethanol and PCOME. The speed and load characteristics for each fuel were determined. This article presents selected characteristics where the biggest differences were noticed.

15

Production of second generation bioethanol from straw during simultaneous microbial saccharification and fermentation

Hawrot-Paw Małgorzata, Koniuszy Adam, Zając Grzegorz, Szyszlak-Bargłowicz Joanna, Jaklewicz Julia

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2020

|

Vol. 46, no. 1

47--52

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the biochemical possibilities of converting waste lignocellulosic biomass to second generation bioethanol. Three substrates were used in the research: barley straw, rye straw and triticale straw. In the first stage of the research bacterial strains capable of converting waste biomass to produce sugars used to produce energy-useful ethanol were selected. Of the eight strains isolated the three with the highest potential were selected on the basis of activity index value. The raw materials were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation method (SSF process). Based on the conducted research, it was found that the examined waste biomass is suitable for the production of cellulosic bioethanol. As a result of distillation 10% and 15% (v/v) ethanol was obtained, depending on the strain and the type of raw material. It was demonstrated that the bacterial strain had a greater impact on the effectiveness of the process than the type of straw used.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena możliwości biochemicznej konwersji odpadowej biomasy lignocelulozowej do bioetanolu 2 generacji. W badaniach użyto trzech substratów: słomy jęczmiennej, żytniej oraz pszenżytniej. W pierwszym etapie badań zostały wyselekcjonowane szczepy bakterii zdolne do konwersji biomasy odpadowej z wytworzeniem cukrów wykorzystywanych do produkcji użytecznego energetycznie etanolu. Z wyizolowanych ośmiu szczepów, na podstawie wartości indeksu aktywności, wybrano trzy charakteryzujące się największym potencjałem. Surowce poddano hydrolizie enzymatycznej stosując metodę jednoczesnego scukrzania i fermentacji (proces SSF). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że badana biomasa odpadowa nadaje się do produkcji bioetanolu celulozowego. W wyniku destylacji, w zależności od szczepu i rodzaju surowca, uzyskano etanol o stężeniu 10% i 15% (v/v). Wykazano, że większy wpływ na efektywność procesu miał szczep bakterii niż rodzaj użytego materiału słomiastego.

16

Utilization of Stalks Waste of Sorghum to Produce Bioethanol by Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae-Pichia stipitis Consortium

Pandebesie Ellina S., Kartini Audiananti Meganandi, Wilujeng Susi A., Warmadewanthi IDAA

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 4

54--60

EN

Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) stalks as lignocellulosic agricultural biomass residues are one of the agricultural wastes that do not have economic value and are abundant enough in Indonesia. Compared to sugar cane, total sugar in the sorghum stalk had almost same juice yield. On the basis of the sufficient total sugar content in the sorghum crop residues, sorghum stalk is one of the promising potential sources for bioethanol production. This study was conducted to determine the optimum substrate concentration and microorganism capability to fermentation sorghum stalks using Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) method. The pretreatment conducted in this study was carried out using physical and chemical methods. The sorghum stalks were treated with chopping, drying, grinding and separate with the concentration of 25 grams (5%) and 50 grams (10%), then 0.25% H2SO4 was added and heated at the temperature of 121°C for 10 minutes. The enzymatic hydrolysis method using T.viride and A.niger was performed. After hydrolysis, 20% S.cerevisiae CC 3012 or 20% consortium S.cerevisiae CC 3012-P.stipitis were added for the fermentation process. The data obtained in this research pertanied to the value of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, reducing sugar, C, N, P, and bioethanol. The results of this study indicated the highest ethanol yield is produced by 50 g substrate as the optimum substrate using the consortium of S. cerevisiae CC 3012-P. stipitis for 24 hours of fermentation.

17

Biopaliwa ciekłe w świetle dyrektywy 2018/2001 w sprawie promowania stosowania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych

Golisz Ewa, Kupczyk Adam, Mączyńska Joanna

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

|

2019

|

nr 6

20--25

PL

Celem pracy było przedstawienie najważniejszych założeń dotyczących biopaliw, czyli produkowanych z biomasy ciekłych paliw dla transportu, w perspektywie do 2030 r., wynikających z dyrektywy 2018/2001 w sprawie promowania stosowania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. Ponadto, w celu porównania, omówiono główne założenia do 2020 r., a także dane liczbowe charakteryzujące produkcję oraz wykorzystanie bioetanolu i estrów metylowych w Polsce w latach 2010–2018 jako biokomponentów, na których oparta jest krajowa branża biopaliwowa.

EN

The purpose of the work was to present the most important assumptions regarding biofuels, i.e. produced from biomass, liquid fuels for transport, in the perspective up to 2030, resulting from Directive 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. In addition, for comparison, the main assumptions to 2020 are discussed, as well as the figures characterizing the production and use of bioethanol and methyl esters in Poland in 2010–2018, as biocomponents onwhich the domestic biofuel industry is based

18

The comparison of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of pulp obtained from poplar wood (Populus sp.) by the Kraft method

Antczak Andrzej, Świerkosz Ryszard, Szeniawski Maksymilian, Marchwicka Monika, Akus-Szylberg Florentyna, Przybysz Piotr, Zawadzki Janusz

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

|

2019

|

vol. 62, nr 203

53--66

EN

This paper compares the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis in relation to bioethanol production. The pulp obtained from wood of the fast-growing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook) was used as a feedstock. The delignification process by the Kraft method was carried out with 19% and 26% of active alkali (NaOH and Na2S). The obtained sugars (xylose and glucose) were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography. The results concluded that the enzymatic hydrolysis process is better than acid hydrolysis because a higher content of sugars (especially xylose) was obtained. Additionally, after the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis process from Populus trichocarpa pulp, more sugars were obtained than from the pulp of Populus deltoides × maximowiczii. The Kraft pulp from the wood of fast-growing poplar species is a good raw material for the production of glucose. However, in order to obtain a higher xylose content and finally increase the profitability of bioethanol production, a new method should be developed, or the Kraft method should be optimized.

19

Evaluation of the diesel engine feed by unified battlefield fuel F-34/F-35 mixed with biocomponents

Karczewski Mirosław

Combustion Engines

|

2019

|

R. 58, nr 3

240--246

EN

The problem of the military vehicles engines fuelling increases with the growth of the amount of vehicles in the armies. At the same time, another problem with fuel supply in modern engines is the use of bio component additives, which changes characteristics (quality) of the used fuels. Therefore, it is important to take actions to adapt engines to powering with fuels coming from renewable sources. The aim of the research was to evaluate the possibility of feeding the diesel engine (influence on the useful parameters and composition) with mixtures of the unified battlefield fuel F-34/F-35 with biocomponents in the form of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and RME. The tests were conducted during fuelling of the engine with six kinds of fuels: basic fuel (diesel oil), NATO code F-34/F-35 fuel, as well as fuel mixtures: F-34 and RME with different ratio and F-34/F-35 with bioethanol. In the result of the research it was concluded that the parameters of the G9T Renault engine with the common rail fuel system in terms of F-34 and RME consumption (using) decreased in comparison to diesel oil basic fuel. It is not possible to supply the engine with the mixture of ethyl alcohol and F-34 fuel - alcohol precipitation and obliteration of fuel system components.

20

Bioethanol as a fuel component for spark-ignition engines

Kruczyński S. W., Gis W, Stępień Z., Zin D.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2018

|

z. 2/116

121--129

EN

This article presents the general characteristics of bioethanol and method how it is obtained. Two exemplary bioethanol production processes used in industry were discussed. Next, a comparison was made between the physico-chemical properties of bioethanol and motor gasoline, which were important for supplying the spark ignition engines. The second part of the article discusses the ways of using bioethanol to supply the spark ignition engine and describes selected mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline. The final part of the article lists the basic advantages and problems in the use of bioethanol to supply the spark ignition engine.

PL

W tym artykule przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę bioetanolu oraz sposób jego otrzymywania. Omówiono dwa przykładowe procesy produkcyjne bioetanolu stosowane w przemyśle. Następnie dokonano porównania właściwości fizyko-chemicznych bioetanolu oraz benzyny silnikowej istotnych ze względu na zasilanie silnika z ZI. W drugiej części artykułu omówiono sposoby zastosowania bioetanolu do zasilania silnika z ZI oraz scharakteryzowano wybrane mieszaniny bioetanolu z benzyną. W końcowej części artykułu wymieniono podstawowe zalety i problemy w zastosowaniu bioetanolu do zasilania silnika z ZI.