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Biodiversity of the benthic diatom flora in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk: a case study of the Gdynia–Sopot transect

Hetko Dominika, Witak Małgorzata, Oliwa Sandra

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 2

224-238

EN

The objective of this study is to determine microhabitat preferences of benthic species occurring in epilithic (living on stones), epipsammic (growing on sand), epipelic (growing on mud) and epiphytic (living on seagrass) assemblages of the shallows of the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). The study material was collected from 19 sites along the Gdynia-Sopot coastal zone, including the Port of Gdynia. Most of the identified diatom taxa were observed in two or three microhabitats. However, diatom species living in only one type of microhabitat and those occurring in all analyzed microhabitats were also recorded. Autecological preferences of the identified diatoms indicate organic pollution of the coastal zone of Gdynia and Sopot. However, a higher frequency of α-mesosaprobionts and polysaprobionts indicates an increase in organic pollution in the Port of Gdynia and Marina Sopot, which is associated with intense port activity and large tourist traffic.

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Microphytobenthic primary production on exposed coastal sandy sediments of the Southern Baltic Sea using ex situ sediment cores and oxygen optodes

Kuriyama Kana, Gründling-Pfaff Sigrid, Diehl Nora, Woelfel Jana, Karsten Ulf

Oceanologia

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2021

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No. 63 (2)

247--260

EN

The shallow coastal water zone of the tide-less southern Baltic Sea is dominated by exposed sandy sediments which are typically inhabited by microphytobenthic communities, but their primary production is poorly studied, and hence four stations between 3.0 and 6.2 m depth were investigated. Sediment cores were carefully taken to keep the natural layering and exposed in a controlled self-constructed incubator. Respiratory oxygen consumption and photosynthetic oxygen production were recorded applying planar oxygen optode sensors. We hypothesized that with increasing water depths the effects of wind- and wave-induced erosion and mixing of the upper sediment layer are dampened and expected higher microphytobenthic biomass and primary production in the incubated cores. Our data partly confirm this hypothesis, as cores sampled at the most exposed stations contained only 50% chlorophyll a m−2 compared to the deeper stations. However, primary production was highly variable, probably due to fluctuating sediment-disturbing conditions before the cores were taken. Due to these physical forces sand grains were highly mobile and rounded, and small epipsamic benthic diatoms dominated, which preferentially occurred in some cracks and crevices as visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The data fill an important gap in reliable production data for sandy sediments of the southern Baltic Sea, and point to the ecological importance and relevant contribution of microphytobenthic communities to the total primary production of this marine ecosystem. Oxygen planar optode sensor spots proved to be a reliable, sensitive and fast detection system for ex situ oxygen exchange measurements in the overlying water of intact sediment cores.

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Biodiversity of benthic diatom flora in the coastal zone of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea) : a case study of the Hel Peninsula

Witak Małgorzata, Pędziński Jarosław, Oliwa Sandra, Hetko Dominika

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 3

304--318

EN

The paper presents the results of the analysis of diatoms from surface sediments (stones, sands) and macroflora (seagrass, macroalgae) collected at 16 sampling sites located along the inner coastal zone of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea) along the Hel Peninsula. The main diatom species of epilithon, epipsammon and epiphyton were characterized with respect to their autecological preferences (habitat, salinity, trophic status, saprobity). Three groups of diatoms were distinguished with respect to the type of substrate based on the results of benthic flora analysis: diatoms (i) of one type of substrate, (ii) of two types and (iii) those occurring on all types of substrates. Moreover, the distribution of benthic diatom communities indicates ecological differences in the study area. Marine and brackish-water species were observed in large numbers in the coastal zone of the Outer Puck Bay, whereas freshwater flora occurred with a higher frequency in the coastal zone of the Puck Lagoon. The content of polysaprobionts and of α-mesosaprobionts indicates that the region of the Hel Tip is highly eutrophicated and very polluted. The coast in the vicinity of Kuznica is less polluted, whereas the best environmental conditions are found in the Jurata–Jastarnia region, as evidenced by the frequency of diatoms that are β-mesosaprobionts.

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Surirella barrowcliffia Donkin 1869 (Bacillariophyta, Surirellaceae) : the first observation of the diatom in Poland

Szulc B., Szulc K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

464--471

EN

Diatoms of the genus Surirella are considered to be a very diverse group, many of them are endemic species found in old lakes as well as in tropical regions worldwide. This study describes a new location of Surirella barrowcliffia. In 2005-2007, algological research on the taxonomic composition of benthic diatoms was conducted in the middle section of the Pilica River (Central Poland). A total of 23 benthic samples were collected from a single sampling site located in the town of Sulejów (159.8 km upriver). Altogether 242 diatom species were identified in the collected material. One of the most interesting taxa in this community was S. barrowcliffia. According to the information available in the world’s algological databases, such as Algaterra and AlgaeBase, S. barrowcliffia has so far been found only in England, France, Finland, northern Germany – in the Weser and the Kleine Wumme rivers, near Bremen, and in Romania in the Crapina-Jijila lake complex. S. barrowcliffia has not been recorded in the previous research conducted not only in the middle section of the Pilica River, but also in other Polish aquatic ecosystems.

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Distribution of benthic diatoms in the Świnka River (Polesie Region) in relation to salinity

Pasztaleniec A., Połeć A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.3

227-236

EN

The River Świnka (Polesie Region, southeastern Poland) receives salty mine waters from the “Bogdanka“ SA coal mine. In April, July and October of 2005, investigations of benthic diatoms were conducted at four stations, two of which were located downstream of the entry point for canal mine waters, with the remaining two stations free from the influence of mine waters. Studies showed differentiation of diatom community species structure and relative abundance, as well as conductivity and Cl- concentrations at particular stations. Higher salinity (Cl- concentration reached 338.8 mg cm-3) and the appearance of saltwater diatom species (e.g. Navicula halophila, N. salinarum, Nitzschia commutata, N. constricta or Thalassiosira weissflogii) were observed in the part of the river influenced by mine waters.

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Preliminary results from the investigation of benthic diatoms from potential reference river sites in Ireland

Ni Chatháin B., Harrington T. J., McCarthy J., Kelly-Quinn M., Bradley C., Baars J. R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2004

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Vol. 33, No. 3

3--15

EN

Benthic diatom samples were collected from 45 potential reference river sites in Ireland. Diatom samples were also collected from 24 lowland eutrophic sites. The main objective for sampling the potential reference sites was to determine the type-specific biological typologies represented by these sites. The lowland sites were sampled as part of another project and are used here for comparative purposes. A larger number of taxa was identified from the reference sites (175 species) in comparison with the lowland sites. (71 species). Distinct differences in diatom distribution and diversity between the reference sites and the lowland sites were revealed by DCA analysis. DCA analysis also showed that the original typological classification of the reference sites was not reflected to any extent in the distribution of benthic diatoms between these sites. However, there was some differentiation between the reference river sites with respect to diatom distribution along axis 1 of the DCA ordination and this was strongly correlated with water conductivity.

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Benthic diatoms in polluted river sections of Central Poland

Rakowska B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2004

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Vol. 33, No. 1

11--21

EN

Water quality was investigated in the most polluted sections of three rivers in Central Poland: the Rawka, Jeziorka and Bzura. The estimate was carried out using the Lange-Bertalot indicatory method, which is based on various diatom tolerances to pollution, and by calculating the saprobity index of Pantle & Buck. In the investigated rivers, Cocconeis pediculus, C. placentula, Fragilaria construens, F. pinnata, Gomphonema olivaceum, Melosira varians, Meridion circulare, Navicula lanceolata were the most frequent dominants of species sensitive to pollution. The most frequent tolerant species were Achnanthese lanceolata ssp. frequentissima, Cymbella silesiaca, Fragilaria capucina var. vaucheriae, F. ulna, Navicula capitata var. capitata, N. gregaria, N. pupula, and Nitzschia amphibia. The dominants of the resistant group were Gomphonema parvulum, Navicula saprophila, N. veneta, and Nitzschia palea. On the basis of the methods mentioned above, the water of the Rawka River was assigned to water quality class II/II-III, that of the Jeziorka to class II-III/III and that of the Bzura (at both study sites) to class II-III.

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Using benthic diatom communities and diatom indices to assess water pollution in the Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea) littoral zone

Bogaczewicz-Adamczak B., Dziengo M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2003

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Vol. 32, No. 4

131-157

EN

The subject of the study were the benthic diatom communities of the Puck Bay littoral zone. Samples of the sediments were taken from sites situated near the sewage treatment plant at Swarzewo from June 1998 to May 1999. The analysis of the species composition and the relative percentages of the diatom indicative groups were used to evaluate water quality. The following ecological factors were taken into consideration: salinity, trophic status and saprobity. Following Lange–Bertalot (1979), water quality was classified based on a 5-degree scale of saprobity. It was correlated to the percentages of the sensitive, tolerant and resistant diatoms taxa and their reaction to organic matter content. The water quality evaluation was tested with the diatom indices using Omnidia 3 software. The results of the diatom studies indicate that the dominating groups were the oligohalobous and mesohalobous taxa, which are characteristic of eutrophic waters and contain biogenic compounds, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus. The most abundant groups in the saprobic spectrum were the resistant (á-mesosaprobic, polysaprobic) and tolerant (β-mesosaprobic, β/α-mesosaprobic) diatoms, which are indicators of water purity class II (III), and in summer, predominantly class III. The comparison of the results of diatom analysis of the Puck Bay microphytobenthos obtained with the Lange–Bertalot (1979) method and those acquired with Omnidia 3 software demonstrates the possibility of applying it to evaluate environmental status and assess polluted brackish waters.

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Diatoms as indicators of water pollution in the coast-al zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea)

Bogaczewicz-Adamczak B., Kłosińska D., Zgrundo A.

Oceanological Studies

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2001

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Vol. 30, No. 3-4

59-75

EN

The subject of the study was microphytobenthos in the sediments of the coastal zone of the Sopot sea-resort (the Gulf of Gdask). Sediment samples were taken from 12 sites situated in the mouths of the streams and creeks and from the beach close to the sea, once a month from January to December 1998. The indicative groups of diatoms were the basis of the estimation of water quality, taking into consideration its salinity, trophic state and saprobity. The quality of water was classified according to Lange-Bertalot (1979). The results of the diatom studies indicate that the dominating groups were the oligo-halobous and mesohalobous taxa, chatacteristic of highly eutrophic waters. The most abundant groups were the resistant (poly-saprobic and '-mesosaprobic) and tolerant ($-mesosaprobic) diatoms, which are indicators of water quality class III in the coastal zone of the Sopot sea-resort.

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The evaluation of water quality in the Swelinia Stream on the basis of diatom analysis

Bogaczewicz-Adamczak B., Koźlarska I.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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Vol. 28, No. 1-2

59-71

EN

The Swelinia Stream is one of several streams discharging into the Gulf of Gdansk in the Sopot coastal zone. The stream is inhabited by a great variety of benthic diatom flora, among which freshwater alkaliphilous diatoms, typical of eutrophic waters, are predominant. The β-meso- and β/α-mesosaprobic diatoms typical of waters moderately polluted by organic matter prevail within the saprobic groups. Xenosaprobic diatoms occur only occasionally. Quantitative analysis of diatoms, classified according to their saprobic requirements into taxa sensitive, tolerant and resistant to organic pollution, has shown that the water quality is deteriorating downstream. Evidence for this was the absence of class I water in the stream's lower course; the usual quality level is class II, which may even drop to class III in the summer and autumn.