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Using Allometric Equations to Estimate Mangrove Biomass and Carbon Stock in Demta Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia

Indrayani Ervina, Kalor John Dominggus, Warpur Maklon, Hamuna Baigo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 5

263--271

The mangrove ecological services as carbon sinks and storage are very useful in the efforts to mitigate global warming and climate change. In this study, the above and below-ground biomass, carbon stock, as well as carbon sequestration by the mangroves in Demta Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia were estimated. Allometric equations were used to determine the mangrove biomass in 36 observation plots. The biomass value was used to determine carbon stock and estimate carbon sequestration. Nine mangrove species were found in Demta Bay, with the contribution of mangrove species to biomass (AGB and BGB) in the following order: Rhizophora apiculata > Rhizophora mucronata > Bruguiera gymnorhiza > Bruguiera cylindrica > Heritiera Littoralis > Xylocarpus molucensis > Rhizophora stylosa > Avicennia marina > Sonneratia caseolaris. The average mangrove biomass was estimated at 174.20 ± 68.14 t/ha (AGB = 117.62 ± 45.68 t/ha and BGB = 56.58 ± 22.49 t/ha). The carbon stocks in mangroves at the Ambora site were higher than the Tarfia and Yougapsa sites, averaging 123.57 ± 30.49 t C/ha, 81.64 ± 25.29 t C/ha, and 56.09 ± 39.03 t C/ha, respectively. The average carbon stock in the mangrove ecosystem of Demta Bay is estimated at 87.10 ± 34.07 t C/ha or equivalent to 319.37 ± 124.92 t CO2 e/ha. The results of this study indicate that the mangrove ecosystem in Demta Bay stores quite high carbon stocks, so it is necessary to maintain it with sustainable management. Therefore, climate change mitigation is not only done by reducing the carbon emission levels but also needs to be balanced by maintaining the mangrove ecosystem services as carbon sinks and sequestration.

Biomass Production of Different Grassland Communities under Artificially Modified Amount of Rainfall

Holub P., Tůma I., Záhora J., Fiala K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2015

Vol. 63, nr 3

320--332

Global climate change is predicted to alter growing season rainfall patterns, potentially reducing total amounts of growing season precipitation and redistributing rainfall into fewer but larger individual events. Such changes may affect numerous soil, plant, and ecosystem properties in grasslands and ultimately impact their productivity and biological diversity. A five-year field study with regulated amount of precipitation was executed in different types of temperate grasslands (dry Festuca, wet Cirsium and Nardus grasslands) in three different regions (in lowland, highland and mountain, respectively) in the Czech Republic. Three simulated rainfall treatments were applied: reduced rainfall by 50% (dry), increased rainfall by 50% (wet), and natural rainfall of the current growing season (ambient). The addition of supplemental resources of water exhibited slightly positive relation with the above-ground production (AP), but statistically significant only in the lowland grassland. At all grasslands, both root biomass (RB) and total below-ground biomass (TBB) were significantly higher in wet compared to dry treatments. Significantly increased values of the TBB/AP ratios occurred only in the highland grassland due to enhanced rainfall. The opposite relations were found in lowland grassland where the TBB/AP ratio decreased in response to enhanced rainfall, though not significantly. In the mountain grassland, values of the TBB/AP ratios have shown less variability. The highland wet Cirsium grassland was more sensitive to altered rainfall regimes forming rather lower proportion of below-ground plant production.

Responses of old-field vegetation to spatially homogenous or heterogenous fertilisation: implications for resources utilization and restoration

Du F., Xu X., Zhang X., Shao M., Hu L., Shan L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2012

Vol. 60, nr 1

133-144

A vailability and heterogeneity of resources have a strong influence on community biomass and diversity, which provided a valuable opportunity to evaluate the responses of vegetation on fertilization, to test whether fertilisation can accelerate vegetation restoration in infertile lands. In loess hilly region of China, most newly abandoned infertile lands often undergo heavy soil erosion. It is urgent to promote the restoration of these types of lands. As availability and heterogeneity of soil nutrients have a strong influence on plant community, we conducted a fertilisation experiment with three-factor treatments, to test whether fertilisation can promote the biomass and species richness of an Artemisia scoparia-dominated old field community. The three factors were: spatial patterns (homogeneity and heterogeneity), levels (low, medium and high), and scales (three levels with small, intermediate, and large patches) of fertiliser application. Above- and below-ground biomass and species richness were recorded. The responses of the plant community to the three factors were evaluated and compared with those of the control (no fertilisation). The results show that: (1) The application of fertiliser in either homogeneous or heterogeneous pattern significantly increased the above-ground and below-ground biomass of the plant community as compared with the control. (2) In heterogeneous conditions, the above-ground biomass in nutrient-rich patches was significantly greater than the expected value of 50%. Under intermediate and large scales of the low level and all scales of the medium and high levels, the proportion of 0.15 cm below-ground biomass was also significantly greater than 50%. (3) Both homogeneous and heterogeneous fertilisation greatly increased community richness as compared to the control. Fertilisation, particularly heterogeneous fertilisation, can effectively increase community biomass and diversity. Under patchy habitat, it seems that the responses of vegetation to heterogeneous fertilisation are related to the patches scale and the contrast among patches, nutrient usage efficiency, edge effects on plant and soil, and plant competition are responsible for the responses. The results also suggest that heterogeneous fertilisation should be applied widely in infertile old fields to accelerate secondary succession.