Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Analysis of the macrostructure of the fuel spray atomized with marine engine injector

Grochowalska Joanna

Combustion Engines

|

2019

|

R. 58, nr 4

80--85

EN

One of the main problem influencing the combustion process in the cylinder of the marine engine is an fuel spray phenomena. The parameters describing the shape of the fuel spray are named macro parameters. This article presents the research results of the macrostructure parameters of the fuel spray atomized with the marine engine injector. The research were carried out by optical visualization measurement method of Mie scattering. The diameter of nozzle injector was 0.375 mm and L/D coefficient 8.3. In these research were considered different parameters of injection opening pressures and backpressures in the constant volume chamber. Generally conlusions are: the opening pressure influence on maximum spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and influence on speed of the injected fuel. The increase of backpressure into the constant volume chamber causes the reduction of spray tip penetration and the increase of the spray cone angle.

2

Numerical investigation of the back pressure influence on urea-water-solution mixing performance in close coupled SCR system

Rogóż R., Bachanek J., Boruc Ł., Teodorczyk A.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 3

377--383

EN

The upcoming Euro 6d emission standard puts more even stringent requirements for diesel engine cars, especially in the case of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. The most widely used technique to meet tight standards is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea-water-solution (UWS) injection. One of the crucial factors is even ammonia distribution at the catalyst inlet; hence, very often product development is focused around this issue. The product development is supported by both experimental and numerical work. The common approach to measure cross section ammonia distribution on the SCR is using sampling system at catalyst outlet. Very often exhaust layout is opened just after the SCR catalyst, cutting off the rest part for instance tailpipe or Clean-up Catalyst. Therefore, a backpressure at SCR outlet resulting from the downstream part is also eliminated. This could significantly affect flow parameters as the density changes, thus ammonia distribution and wall film deposition may vary as well. Within this work, the influence of the backpressure at SCR outlet on the ammonia distribution and wall wetting was numerically investigated. The simulations were run under various boundary conditions for the Close Coupled SCR architecture. It was shown that depending on the operating point the boundary pressure affects both factors on the different level.

3

Dynamics of the non-contact roundness measurement with air gages

Jermak C. J., Rucki M.

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

|

2016

|

Vol. 10, no. 3

227--232

EN

The paper presents the results of investigations on the air gages dynamic characteristics in the measurement of the round profiles of motor cylinders. The principle of the measuring device is explained, and the analysis of the air gages dynamics is described. The results of dynamic calibration enabled to eliminate those configurations of air gages that may not meet the requirements of the measurement they were designed for. After the proper air gages were chosen, the entire system underwent the accuracy test and passed it successfully revealing the method accuracy better than 10% compared to the reference measurement.

4

Accuracy of ceramic mould filling with liquid AlSi9 aluminium alloy in the process using back-pressure

Karwiński A., Haratym R., Biernacki R.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2013

|

Vol. 13, iss. 1

73--76

EN

The paper presents the effect of suction pressure exerted on the liquid AlSi alloy when it is introduced into a ceramic mould made in the investment process and the results compared with data obtained on gravity poured castings. The study used special pattern sets and ceramic moulds made with the alternately applied soluble silicate binder and ethyl silicate. Additionally, self-supported moulds based entirely on the Ekosil binder were used. In the analysis of castings, the following parameters were examined: a linear dimensional accuracy, the state of surface microgeometry and the possibility of metal penetration into a complex ceramic mould, allowing also for the presence of capillary phenomena. In the process of casting with back-pressure, the pressure values of 500 hPa, 600 hPa and 700 hPa were applied in the chamber where the ceramic mould was located, with the temperature of the said mould kept at a level of 150±10ºC.

5

Wrought magnesium alloys ZM21, ZW3 and WE43 processed by hydrostatic extrusion with back pressure

Pachla W., Mazur A., Skiba J., Kulczyk M., Przybysz S.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2012

|

Vol. 57, iss. 2

485-492

EN

Cold hydrostatic extrusion with and without back pressure of commercial ZM21, ZW3 and WE43 magnesium alloys has been performed at originally designed hydrostatic extrusion press operating up to 2000 MPa with back pressure up to 700 MPa. Alloys were cold extruded in one pass into rods between 5 and 9 mm in the outer diameter with product velocities between 1 and 10 m/min and extrusion ratios above 2. Application of back pressure extended formability of all magnesium alloys. It was due to hydrostatic pressure superimposed on the extruded product what inhibits the cracks generation and propagation. Cold deformation restrained the grain growth and softening processes while severe deformation in one pass increased grain refinement and density of internal defects. Ultimate tensile strength ranging from 370 MPa (ZM21) through 400 MPa (ZW3) up to 410 MPa (WE43), with respective yield stresses from 270 MPa through 300 MPa up to 350 MPa and the respective elongation from 13% through 12% to 7% were obtained in extruded rods, which are the best reported data in literature up to this day. Wrought magnesium alloys after hydrostatic extrusion can serve as semi-products for structures that call for high strength, for example as biodegradable implants or fastening components in form of bolts, rivets, nuts, pins, joints, etc.

PL

Przeprowadzono wyciskanie hydrostatyczne na zimno z przeciwciśnieniem handlowych stopów magnezu ZM21, ZW3 i WE43. Eksperymenty prowadzono na oryginalnej, własnej konstrukcji prasie do wyciskania hydrostatycznego pracującej do 2000 MPa z przeciwciśnieniem do 700 MPa. Stopy odkształcano na zimno w jednej operacji wytwarzając pręty o średnicach pomiędzy 5 mm a 9 mm z liniową szybkością wyciskania pomiędzy 1 m/min i 10 m/min i stopniami redukcji powyżej 2. Zastosowanie przeciwciśnienia zwiększyło zdolność do odkształcenia plastycznego wszystkich badanych stopów magnezu. Stało się tak dzięki nałożeniu na wyciskany produkt ciśnienia hydrostatycznego co powstrzymuje generowanie i propagacje pęknięć. Odkształcanie na zimno powstrzymuje rozrost ziaren i procesy zmiękczania podczas gdy duże odkształcenie plastyczne w jednej operacji zwiększa rozdrobnienie ziaren oraz gęstość defektów mikrostruktury. Po wyciskaniu wytrzymałość na rozciąganie wynosiła od 370 MPa (dla ZM21) przez 400 MPa (ZW3) do 410 MPa (WE43) z granicą plastyczności, odpowiednio 270 MPa, 300 MPa i 350 MPa i wydłużeniem, odpowiednio 13%, 12% i 7%. Są to najwyższe własności podawane w literaturze światowej na dzień dzisiejszy. Stopy magnezu przerobione plastycznie metodą wyciskania hydrostatycznego mogą służyć jako półprodukty do wykonania elementów konstrukcyjnych wymagających wysokich wytrzymałości, jak np. biodegradowalne implanty kostne czy elementy złączne w postaci śrub, nitów, nakrętek, szpilek, łączników, itp.

6

Effect of hydrostatic extrusion with back pressure on mechanical properties of grey and nodular cast irons

Pachla W., Mazur A., Skiba J., Kulczyk M., Przybysz S.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2011

|

Vol. 56, iss. 4

945-953

EN

Cold hydrostatic extrusion with and without back pressure of ferritic-pearlitic grey cast iron EN-GJL 250 and ferritic-pearlitic nodular cast iron EN-GJS 500-7 has been performed. The experiments were performed on a originally designed hydrostatic extrusion press operating up to 2000 MPa with back pressure up to 700 MPa. Cast irons were cold hydrostatically extruded with back pressure in one pass with extrusion ratios up to 1.77 and 2.12 for grey and nodular one, respectively. Nodular cast iron was also successfully extruded without back pressure with extrusion ratio 1.35. Severe plastic deformation has led to axial alignment and elongation of graphite inclusions in extrusion direction together with sound flow of the surrounding metal matrix accommodating the strain without cracking. External high pressure has restrained of cracks generation and propagation during the material flow and healed of already existing defects by internal friction caused by plastic flow. It was visualized by aligned and elongated graphite flakes and nodules and no cracks and porosity observed in surrounded metal matrix. Very high compressive strength of both materials has been measured, above 1000 MPa and ~2400 MPa for grey and nodular cast iron, respectively. These values were accompanied by above 3000 MPa and above 3400 MPa microhardnes HV0.2 and by over 15% and over 50% elongation at maximum strength for those materials, respectively. Cast irons with such properties can be classified as a new iron-base structural materials.

PL

Procesowi wyciskania hydrostatycznego na zimno poddano ferrytyczno-perlityczne zeliwa szare EN-GJL 250 i sferoidalne EN-GJS 500-7. Eksperymenty prowadzono na oryginalnej, własnej konstrukcji prasie do wyciskania hydrostatycznego pracujacej do 2000 MPa z przeciwcisnieniem do 700 MPa. Zeliwa były wyciskane z sukcesem z przeciwcisnieniem w jednej operacji ze stopniem redukcji 1.77 i 2.12 odpowiednio, dla zeliwa szarego i sferoidalnego. Zeliwo sferoidalne było równiez wyciskane bez przeciwcisnienia ze stopniem redukcji 1.35. Duze odkształcenie plastyczne prowadziło do osiowego ułozenia i wydłuzenia wtracen grafitu w kierunku wyciskania przy jednoczesnym płynieciu metalowej osnowy zapewniajacej odkształcenie bez pekniec. Wysokie cisnienie przyłozone na zewnatrz odkształcanego produktu powtrzymywało generowanie i propagacje pekniec podczas płyniecia materiału oraz ‘leczyło’ istniejace juz defekty wewnetrzne poprzez zgrzewanie tarciowe podczas odkształcenia plastycznego. Uwidaczniały to ułozone i wydłuzone w kierunku wyciskania płatki i kulki grafitu oraz brak pekniec i porowatosci obserwowany w otaczajacej je osnowie. Zmierzono bardzo wysoka wytrzymałosc na sciskanie obu materiałów, ponad 1000 MPa i ok. 2400 MPa, odpowiednio dla zeliwa szarego i sferoidalnego. Wartosciom tym towarzyszyła mikrotwardosc HV0.2 powyzej 3000 MPa i powyzej 3400 MPa oraz ponad 15% i ponad 50% wydłuzenie przy maksymalnej wytrzymałosci, odpowiednio dla obu tych materiałów. Zeliwa o takich własnosciach mozna kwalifikowac jako nowe materiały konstrukcyjne na bazie zelaza.

7

Forecasting the energy-saving benefits of variable-speed pumps

Fu Y., Cai Y., Wu K.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

|

2006

|

Vol. 10, No 1

27-33

EN

By calculating the energy-saving benefits of a variable-speed pump, the relation between back pressure and energy-saving benefits is analyzed. Based on the energy-saving benefit calculation for four different pump types using a non-dimensional method, it is shown that when the non-dimensional back pressure, h, and the non-dimensional flow, Q, are equal, then the corresponding non-dimensional energy-saving benefit [omega] of variable-speed control are quite close each to other, thereby advancing a forecasting method of energy-saving benefits of variable-speed control. When the method is used to forecast the energy-saving benefits of pumps whose specific speed is between 15 and 190 and the flow - between 5 and 200 m3/h (subject to the condition h<; 0.9, Q> 0.5), the error will not exceed 6.55% and thus the method proves to be of reference value for the evaluation of the variable-speed energy-saving benefits of other pumps.