Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wybrane przykłady modelowania i analizy strukturalnej problemów decyzyjnych w budownictwie

Śladowski Grzegorz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 1-2

98--102

PL

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na ważny aspekt, jakim jest modelowanie i analiza strukturalna problemów w procesie decyzyjnym. Zaprezentowane podejście systemowe na tle klasycznych wielokryterialnych metod wspomagania decyzji pozwala uwzględnić różne współzależne zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne relacje między kryteriami i wariantami decyzyjnymi, co jest istotne z perspektywy modelowanej rzeczywistości. Przedstawiono podstawowe metody modelowania i analizy struklturalnej, a całość rozważań została poparta wybranymi przykładami problemów decyzyjnych w budownictwie.

EN

This paper notes the important aspect of the modeling and structural analysis of problems in decision making. Against classical multi-criteria decision-making support methods, the presented approach considers different co-dependent external and internal relations between criteria and decision alternatives, which is significant from the standpoint of the reality we aim to model. Essential structural modeling and analysis methods were presented, and the entire discussion was backed by samples of decision problems from the construction sector.

2

Application of reanalysis methods in structural mechanics

Delyová I., Frankovský P., Bocko J., Sivák P., Kurimský R.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 3

49--62

EN

When designing structures, it is often necessary to re-analyse a structure that is different in some parts from the original one. As real structures are often complex, their analysis is therefore very challenging. In such cases, reanalysis methods are advantageously used. The aim of this paper is to approach the problem of solving the constructions using reanalysis method in which the time taken in solving algebraic equations is reduced. In particular, the purpose of this work is to demonstrate on a chosen system the time savings and the advantages of the chosen direct efficient reanalysis method for a given design problem. A basic condition for meeting these criteria is the modernization of computational procedures in the mechanics of compliant solids.

3

Optimization of gear teeth in the wind turbine drive train with gear contact’s uncertainty using the reliability-based design optimization

Lee Changwoo, Park Yonghui

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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LXIX, nr 4

713--728

EN

Although gear teeth give lots of advantages, there is a high possibility of failure in gear teeth in each gear stage in the drive train system. In this research, the authors developed proper gear teeth using the basic theorem of gear failure and reliability-based design optimization. A design variable characterized by a probability distribution was applied to the static stress analysis model and the dynamics analysis model to determine an objective function and constraint equations and to solve the reliability-based design optimization. For the optimization, the authors simulated the torsional drive train system which includes rotational coordinates. First, the authors established a static stress analysis model which gives information about endurance limit and bending strength. By expressing gear mesh stiffness in terms of the Fourier series, the equations of motion including the gear mesh models and kinematical relations in the drive train system were acquired in the form of the Lagrange equations and constraint equations. For the numerical analysis, the Newmark Beta method was used to get dynamic responses including gear mesh contact forces. From the results such as the gear mesh contact force, the authors calculated the probability of failure, arranged each probability and gear teeth, and proposed a reasonable and economic design of gear teeth.

4

Reduced equations of slope-deflection method in structural analysis

Husain Muhammed Abbas, Hasan Zahraa Hameed

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 26, no. 4

51--62

EN

This paper presents an update of the slope-deflection method, which is used in the analysis of statically indeterminate structures. In this study, new reduced equations are presented based on including both the effects of the member rotations and the fixed end moments in one term, rather than two terms, in order to simplify the application of the slope-deflection method. The reduced equations are developed, then three numerical examples with comprehensive cases of beams are solved by applying both the original and the proposed reduced equations. The analysis outputs indicated that the reduced equations are applicable for all cases that can be analyzed by the slope-deflection method, and give identical results compared with the original equations. It is found that the reduced equations require less computations when the structure has no support settlement, compared with the original equations, whereas the computations are approximately similar when the structure has a support settlement.

5

Structural Analysis and Optimization of Electric Bike Front Drive with Bottom Bracket Electric Motor

Mesic Elmedin, Masic Adnan, Muratovic Enis, Delic Muamer, Hasanbegovic Salem

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 1

273--282

EN

The main objective of this research was to propose a light and practical design solution for electric bike front drive with bottom bracket electric motor. The initial design needs to be redesigned so it can enable simultaneous use of the electric drive and pedal drive, with integration of the front gear shifter. After gathering the basic information linked to the problem and inspecting the initial design solution, the assets and flaws have been identified. The CAD models of the considered possible solutions were developed into FEM models which were used for struc- tural analysis in CAD/CAE software system CATIA. On the basis of the FEM analysis and additional criteria, the optimal solution was chosen, and structural optimization, based on FEM model, was performed. A prototype was manufactured and a mounting process in a place of the initial design was performed. Afterwards, electric bike with mounted prototype was tested under real conditions.

6

Charakterystyka struktury elektronowej heteropolikwasu fosforowolframowego H3PW12O40 modyfikowanego kationem Fe2+

Niemiec Piotr Jan

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2020

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Vol. 11, no. 4

24--32

PL

W pracy zbadano wpływ podstawienia atomu wolframu atomem żelaza w pierwszorzędowej strukturze heteropolikwasu fosforowolframowego o budowie anionu Keggina. Charakterystykę struktury elektronową zmodyfikowanego heteropolikwasu przeprowadzono za pomocą: analizy populacyjnej NBO, całkowitych (PDOS) i parcjalnych (PDOS) widm gęstości stanów, energetyki i charakteru chemicznego orbitali granicznych (HOMO/LUMO) oraz rozmiaru przerwy wzbronionej (gap). Dodatkowo zbadano mechanizm oddziaływania modyfikowanego kationem Fe2+ heteropolikwasu fosforowolframowego z cząsteczką H2O pełniącą rolę środowiska reakcji chemicznej. W większości charakterystyk stwierdzono istotny wpływ wprowadzonego metalu przejściowego na ww. właściwości w stosunku do heteropolikwasu wyjściowego H3PW12O40.

EN

In this paper the influence of substituting the tungsten atom with an iron ion in the primary structure of the phosphotungstic heteropolyacid with the Keggin anion structure was investigated. Characterization of the electronic structure of the modified heteropolyacid was performed using: population analysis according to NBO scheme, total (TDOS) and partial (PDOS) density of states spectra, energy and chemical character of frontier orbitals (HOMO/LUMO) and the size of the HOMO-LUMO band gap. Additionally, the mechanism of interaction between the Fe2+ with H2O molecule, acting as a chemical reaction medium, was investigated. Most cases showed a significant effect of the introduced transition metal ion (Fe2+) on the above-mentioned properties in relation to the nonmodified heteropolyacid H3PW12O40.

7

Building of calculation model and strength analysis by using finite element method on example of mold to foaming of cooling furniture

Ignasiak Łukasz, Woźniak Paweł, Bieńczak Agata

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 65, nr 1

4--8

EN

The article presents the way of creating calculation model of mold to foaming of cooling furniture for needs of conducting strength analysis by using Finite Element Method. The method of creating model is described in detail taking into account of modeling techniques available in NX system, the division of model into finite elements (discretization) by using threedimensional, two-dimensional, one-dimensional elements was visualized. Finally, the results of numerical simulations in the form of stresses distribution in areas of considerable straining of structure was presented.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono sposób tworzenia modelu obliczeniowego formy do spieniania mebli chłodniczych dla potrzeb przeprowadzenia analiz wytrzymałościowych przy wykorzystaniu Metody Elementów Skończonych. Szczegółowo opisano metodę kreowania modelu z uwzględnieniem technik modelowania dostępnych w systemie NX, zobrazowano podział modelu na elementy skończone (dyskretyzację) przy wykorzystaniu elementów trójwymiarowych, dwuwymiarowych oraz jednowymiarowych. Przedstawiono wyniki z przeprowadzonych symulacji numerycznych w postaci rozkładu naprężeń w obszarach o znacznym wytężeniu.

8

Study of AlSi9Cu3 Alloy Crystallization Process with Increased Iron Content at Different Number of Remelts

Matejka M., Bolibruchova D., Kasińska J., Kuriš M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 1

79--83

EN

Monitoring the solidification process is of great importance for understanding the quality of the melt, for controlling it, and for predicting the true properties of the alloy. Solidification is accompanied by the development of heat, the magnitude of which depends on the different phases occurring during solidification. Thermal analysis is now an important part of and tool for quality control, especially when using secondary aluminium alloys in the automotive industry. The effect of remelting on the change of crystallization of individual structural components of experimental AlSi9Cu3 alloy was determined by evaluation of cooling curves and their first derivatives. Structural analysis was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The effect of remelting was manifested especially in nucleation of phases rich in iron and copper. An increasing number of remelts had a negative effect after the fourth remelting, when harmful iron phases appeared in the structure in much larger dimensions.

9

Development of Parametric CAD Model and Structural Analysis of the Car Jack

Pervan Nedim, Muminović Adis J., Muminović Adil, Delić Muamer

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 13, no 3

24--30

EN

The purpose of a car jack is lifting the car and maintaining it at a certain height during different repairs. This paper focuses on the design of car jack, which belongs to the basic equipment of cars. Cars jacks are used mainly for changing tires and small repairs of a car. The aim of this paper was to create a parametric CAD model of a car jack and carry out numerical structural analysis of the car jack using the created parametric CAD model. The development of the parametric CAD model and structural analysis was performed using the CATIA V5 system. This paper describes the modern way of creating more complex mechanisms, which support quick modification of its parameters, and thus the entire design. The whole model of the car jack was parametrized. The stresses obtained by finite element method (FEM) analysis were confirmed with the analytical calculation in characteristic parts of the design, with some exceptions. At the end of the paper, an analysis of the obtained results was performed, on the basis of which specified conclusions were made.

10

The intramontane Orava Basin - evidence of large-scale Miocene to Quaternary sinistral wrenching in the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian area

Ludwiniak Mirosław, Śmigielski Michał, Kowalczyk Sebastian, Łoziński Maciej, Czarniecka Urszula, Lewińska Lena

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2019

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Vol. 69, no. 3

339--386

EN

The Carpathian Orava Basin is a tectonic structure filled with Neogene and Quaternary deposits superimposed on the collision zone between the ALCAPA and European plates. Tectonic features of the south-eastern margin of the Orava Basin and the adjoining part of the fore-arc Central Carpathian Palaeogene Basin were studied. Field observations of mesoscopic structures, analyses of digital elevation models and geological maps, supplemented with electrical resistivity tomography surveys were performed. Particular attention was paid to joint network analysis. The NE-SW-trending Krowiarki and Hruštinka-Biela Orava sinistral fault zones were recognized as key tectonic features that influenced the Orava Basin development. They constitute the north-eastern part of a larger Mur-Mürz-Žilina fault system that separates the Western Carpathians from the Eastern Alps. The interaction of these sinistral fault zones with the older tectonic structures of the collision zone caused the initiation and further development of the Orava Basin as a strike-slip-related basin. The Krowiarki Fault Zone subdivides areas with a different deformation pattern within the sediments of the Central Carpathian Palaeogene Basin and was active at least from the time of cessation of its sedimentation in the early Miocene. Comparison of structural data with the recent tectonic stress field, earthquake focal mechanisms and GPS measurements allows us to conclude that the Krowiarki Fault Zone shows a stable general pattern of tectonic activity for more than the last 20 myr and is presently still active.

11

Shaping curved steel rod structures

Dźwierzyńska J.

Technical Transactions

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2018

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Vol. 115, iss. 8

87--98

EN

The paper addresses the problem of the efficient shaping of curved steel rod structures conducted based on the Enneper surface. The proposed parametric design process consists in linking the geometric shaping of grid models with their structural analysis and optimization, which is realized through the application of design tools working in the Rhinoceros 3D software. The mechanical performance of lattices covered with glass panels is evaluated and the structures are pre-dimensioned. The presented aesthetic grid shells with good structural characteristics may constitute original coverings. However, the analysis, which targets an early stage of the design, aims at providing design guidelines to facilitate communication between architects and civil engineers.

PL

W artykule podejmuje się problem efektywnego kształtowania krzywoliniowych, stalowych konstrukcji prętowych utworzonych na bazie powierzchni Ennepera. Zaproponowany parametryczny proces kształtowania polega na powiązaniu geometrycznego kształtowania siatkowych modeli z ich analizą strukturalną i optymalizacją, realizowanymi za pomocą narzędzi projektowych pracujących w środowisku Rhinoceros 3D. Oceniono mechaniczne właściwości kratownic pokrytych taflami szklanymi, a struktury wstępnie zwymiarowano. Zaprezentowane powłoki kratowe o dobrych właściwościach strukturalnych mogą stanowić oryginalne przekrycia, natomiast analiza strukturalna ukierunkowana na wczesny etap projektowania ma na celu dostarczenie wytycznych projektowych ułatwiających komunikację między architektami i inżynierami.

12

Application of the input-output model for structural analysis on the example of the agricultural sector in Poland

Czyżewski A., Grzelak A.

Management

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2018

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Vol. 22, no. 2

285--298

EN

The main objective of the article is to recognize possibilities of use of the input-output model to structural assessments in the economy, with particular reference to the agricultural sector. The included considerations have a theoretical and application dimension related to the agricultural sector. Understanding the nature of structural changes and associated tendencies is particularly useful in shaping the economic policy of the state about the use of non-automatic economic stabilizers and the identification of areas that constitute development barriers. Analysis of the case of the agricultural sector in the input-output model, from the perspective of structural evaluation, indicate that there are evident transformations. It includes, in particular, the relative increase of links between agriculture and other branches, the growth in the importance of imports (supply), and the decline in the role of self-supply. It can be expected that these trends will deepen under conditions of economic development.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie możliwości wykorzystania modelu przepływów międzygałęziowych do makroekonomicznych analiz strukturalnych w gospodarce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sektora rolnego. Zawarte rozważania łączą wymiar teoretyczny z aplikacyjnym dotyczącym sektora rolnego. Zrozumienie charakteru zmian strukturalnych i tendencji z tym związanych jest szczególnie przydatne w kreowaniu polityki gospodarczej państwa w zakresie stosowania nieautomatycznych stabilizatorów koniunktury, jak i identyfikacji obszarów stanowiących bariery rozwojowe. Analiza przypadku sektora rolnego w modelu input-output z perspektywy ocen strukturalnych pozwala na stwierdzenie, że następują wyraźne przeobrażenia. Chodzi tu w szczególności o relatywne zwiększenie powiązań rolnictwa z pozostałymi działami, wzrost znaczenia importu (zaopatrzenia), przy spadku roli samozaopatrzenia. Można oczekiwać, że tendencje te pogłębiać się będą w warunkach rozwoju gospodarczego.

13

From structural analysis to observer-based residual generation for fault detection

Pröll S., Lunze J., Jarmolowitz F.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2018

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Vol. 28, no. 2

233--245

EN

This paper combines methods for the structural analysis of bipartite graphs with observer-based residual generation. The analysis of bipartite structure graphs leads to over-determined subsets of equations within a system model, which make it possible to compute residuals for fault detection. In observer-based diagnosis, by contrast, an observability analysis finds observable subsystems, for which residuals can be generated by state observers. This paper reveals a fundamental relationship between these two graph-theoretic approaches to diagnosability analysis and shows that for linear systems the structurally over-determined set of model equations equals the output connected part of the system. Moreover, a condition is proved which allows us to verify structural observability of a system by means of the corresponding bipartite graph. An important consequence of this result is a comprehensive approach to fault detection systems, which starts with finding the over-determined part of a given system by means of a bipartite structure graph and continues with designing an observer-based residual generator for the fault-detectable subsystem found in the first step.

14

Osuwiska jako przyczyna błędnych interpretacji budowy geologicznej – przykłady z Sudetów

Kowalski A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2018

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nr 473

27--48

PL

W ciągu ostatnich kilkunastu lat z obszaru Sudetów zinwentaryzowano i opisano dużą liczbę form osuwiskowych. W większości opracowań główny nacisk skierowano jednak na geomorfologiczną charakterystykę tych form. W artykule przedstawiono zależności rozwoju wybranych sudeckich osuwisk od budowy geologicznej, a także ocenę stopnia transformacji poszczególnych elementów struktury podłoża przez ruchy masowe. Jak wynika z prac kartograficznych i analiz geomorfometrycznych opartych na numerycznych modelach terenu LiDAR (ang. Light Detection and Ranging), wygenerowanych na podstawie danych pochodzących z lotniczego skaningu laserowego, brak rozpoznania pojedynczych, aczkolwiek rozległych jak na warunki sudeckie form osuwiskowych, a w konsekwencji prowadzone w obrębie nierozpoznanych osuwisk pomiary powierzchni uławicenia, spękań ciosowych i uskoków, były przyczyną błędów w rozpoznaniu budowy geologicznej w przeszłości. W pracy przedstawiono przykłady czterech form osuwiskowych znajdujących się na terenie trzech jednostek geologicznych – rowu Wlenia (synklinorium północnosudeckie), elewacji Łącznej (synklinorium śródsudeckie) i rowu Glinna (blok sowiogórski).

EN

Despite the relatively large number of individual landslides recognized and described over the last several years from the Sudety (Sudetes) Mountains (Lower Silesia, SW Poland), most of the papers focused on the geomorphological characterisation of these forms. This paper presents the results of geological and geomorphological mapping of individual landslides, recognized within three geological units: the Wleń Graben (Northsudetic Synclinorium), the Łączna Elevation (Intrasudetic Synclinorium) and the Glinno Graben (Sowie Mountains Block). Particular attention has been paid to the role of the geological structure in the initiation and development of mass movements as well as the degree of transformation of the planar, structural elements (bedding planes, joints, faults) of the landslide bedrock. The results of geological mapping and geomorphometric analysis with a basis in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) show that the structural measurements carried out in the past within previously unrecognized landslides were probably the main reason for incorrect interpretations of the geology of the areas investigated.

15

Shaping of spatial steel rod structures based on a hyperbolic paraboloid

Dzwierzynska J.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 64, nr 4/II

309--320

EN

The aim of the study was to develop a practical approach to parametric shaping of spatial steel rod structures formed based on a hyperbolic paraboloid. This design approach was realized by application of designing tools working in environment of Rhinoceros 3D, that is its plug-in Grasshopper for geometric modelling and Karamba 3D for structural analysis. The goal of this research was to elaborate an universal scripts in order to create rod structures‘ models of various forms and grid patterns, as well as evaluating their structural behaviour dependently on various boundary conditions. The optimisation criterion was the minimum mass and deflection. Several proposals of coverings by means of single layer grid structures were presented and analysed to choose the best solution. The rod structures generated based on a hyperbolic paraboloid turned out to be structures with good static properties, so may be an interesting proposals to cover large areas.

PL

W ciągu ostatniej dekady projektowanie parametryczne w architekturze i budownictwie zyskuje coraz większą popularność. W artykule prezentuje się parametryczne podejście do kształtowania przestrzennych stalowych struktur prętowych. Racjonalne projektowanie tego rodzaju struktur wynikające z analizy geometrycznej, topologicznej i strukturalnej przedstawia się na przykładzie siatek przestrzennych utworzonych na bazie hiperboloidy parabolicznej . Modelowanie parametryczne konstrukcji proponuje się w oparciu o program Rhinoceros 3D oraz jego parametryczną wtyczkę Grasshopper. Analizę strukturalną przeprowadza się w oparciu o wtyczkę Karamba 3D. Powierzchnią bazową do kształtowania geometrii przestrzennych struktur kratowych, na której rozmieszczono węzły jednowarstwowej siatki, jest powierzchnia utworzona z regularnych modułów będących wycinkami hiperboloidy parabolicznej. Analizie poddano struktury prętowe z rur stalowych o różnej topologii zakładając, że każda ze struktur stanowi konstrukcję przekrycia nad kwadratową powierzchnią o polu równym 100 m2 .

16

Computational elastoplastic Limit Analysis of the Paderno d’Adda bridge (Italy, 1889)

Ferrari R., Cocchetti G., Rizzi E.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, no. 1

291--310

EN

The Paderno d’Adda bridge is a historical iron arch bridge built in 1889 for connecting the provinces of Lecco and Bergamo across the Adda river, in northern Italy. The bridge was designed through the so-called Theory of the Ellipse of Elasticity. Its use is two-fold: a railway track lays within the inner deck of its upper continuous beam; automotive traffic runs on top. Today, after 128 years of continuous duty, the viaduct keeps in service, with trains crossing at slow speed and alternated one-way road traffic with no heavy-weight vehicles. Starting from a computational formulation for the elastoplastic Limit Analysis of 3D truss-frame systems, apt to provide the exact limit load multiplier and attached collapse mechanism, the full evolutive piece-wise-linear response of the bridge is derived, for different try-out loading configurations. The structural analysis, wholly original in its computational implementation, aims at outlining a survey on the potential plastic collapse characteristics of the bridge. Results reveal possible structural deficiencies for the upper continuous beam, where main plasticizations appeared. Instead, elements of the piers plasticized only for tests with loading much un-symmetrically located to the crown of the arch and the slender doubly built-in parabolic arch rarely showed some plasticization. This evidences the arch as a robust characteristic beautiful feature of the bridge. Moreover, analyses pointed out that the effect of the normal forces on the elastoplastic response of the bridge shall not be considered as negligible, as instead it may be often considered in the Limit Analysis of frames.

17

Analysis of a selected motorbike suspension component with the use of CAD modelling and finite element method

Bik T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2017

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z. 89 [295], nr 2

5--16

EN

Modelling procedure as well as structural and modal analyses of high-performance motorbike suspension element are presented in this article. Siemens NX 8.5 system has been used while preparing CAD model of components. The numerical analyses have been performed based on Finite Element Method (FEM) in ANSYS Workbench package. The behaviour of the considered part that reflects its working conditions has been set by defining appropriate loads, boundary conditions and design ssumptions. As a result of the performed analyses, stress and strain distributions as well as selected natural vibration modes have been received. On the basis of these results the conclusions and further research directions have been formulated.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono procedurę modelowania oraz analizę strukturalną i modalną elementu zawieszenia motoroweru. Do zamodelowania komponentu użyto programu Siemens NX 8.5, natomiast analizy numeryczne przeprowadzone zostały w systemie ANSYS Workbench z wykorzystaniem Metody Elementów Skończonych (MES). Zachowanie części odpowiadające warunkom jej pracy odzwierciedlono definiując stosowne obciążenia, warunki brzegowe i założenia konstrukcyjne. Rezultatem wykonanych analiz są rozkłady naprężeń, odkształceń i wybranych postaci drgań własnych komponentu. W oparciu o wyniki sformułowano wnioski oraz zaproponowano kierunki dalszych badań.

18

Zastosowanie funkcji radialnych w analizie strukturalnej belki

Majkut L.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

1103--1109, CD

PL

W pracy opisano bezsiatkową metodę kolokacyjną Kansy i jej wykorzystanie w analizie strukturalnej belki. W pracy opisano wyniki analizy statycznej (ugięcie belki i belki na podłożu sprężystym) oraz dynamicznej (częstości i wektory drgań własnych belki). W obliczeniach wykorzystano funkcję wielokwadratową. W pracy opisano strategię doboru wartości parametru kształtu. Wszystkie wyniki porównano z wynikami analitycznymi z wykorzystaniem zdefiniowanych przez autora różnych błędów względnych pozwalających ocenić jakość aproksymacji.

EN

The work concerns the static analysis of the Bernoulli-Euler beam with the Radial Based Functions. The Kansa collocation method was used for determination deflection, slope, bending moment and shear force of the beam. All results were compared with analytical ones. This method was also used for determination of eigenvalues and eigen vectors of a beam. All results were compared with analytical results. All results indicate that using of multiquadric (MQ) RBF provide a results with very high accuracy in comparison to analytical results in static analysis of beam-like structural components.

19

Analiza jednorodności składu skał wapiennych występujących na terenie Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej

Bargiel I., Cielecka K., Cieśla I., Kłeczek M., Liberska K.

Analit

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2017

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Nr 3

9--14

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy jakościowej składu chemicznego skał wapiennych na terenie Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej. Przeprowadzone pomiary zostały wykonane trzema metodami: spektroskopii w podczerwieni, Ramana oraz dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej. W pracy przedstawiono również charakterystykę zgrupowań skalnych występujących na omawianym terenie oraz omówiono metody pomiarowe wykorzystane w trakcie badań.

EN

This paper discusses the results of qualitative analysis of composition of the limestone’s occurring in the Krakow-Czestochowa Upland. Measurements had been conducted using three methods: IR-spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and XRD. The paper depicts also characteristics of limestone’s formations present on the analysed area and measurement methods used during studies.

20

Structural analysis of railways bolster-beam under commercial operation conditions: over-traction and over-braking

Martinod M. R., Betancur G. R., Restrepo J. L., Castañeda L. F.

Transport Problems

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2016

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T. 11, z. 2

67--77

EN

The conditions for the operation of railway systems are closely related to the increase of the commercial demand; as a consequence, the performance of the structural elements of railways changes. The present paper focuses on a study of the structural behaviour of bolster-beams under commercial operation conditions of railway systems, specifically in the dynamic conditions generated in events of over-traction and over-braking on the vehicle running. The proposed work is constructed based on the following phases: (i) analysis of the kinematics of the vehicle; (ii) development of numerical models, a model based on the multibody theory, and a Finite Elements model; (iii) development of experimental field tests; and (iv) development of simulations for a detailed analysis of the structural behaviour for a study of the strain distribution in the main bolster-beam. This study is applied to a particular case of a railway system that provides commercial service to passengers.

ES

Las condiciones de operación de los sistemas ferroviarios se encuentran estrechamente relacionadas con el incremento de la demanda, en consecuencia el comportamiento de los elementos estructurales del tren varían. El presente trabajo se enfoca en el estudio del comportamiento estructural de la traviesa pivote, bajo condiciones de operación comercial de un sistema ferroviario, específicamente en las condiciones dinámicas generadas en los eventos de sobre-aceleración y sobre-frenado del vehículo. El trabajo propuesto se estructura con base en el siguiente conjunto de etapas: (i) estudio de la cinemática del vehículo en marcha; (ii) desarrollo de modelos numéricos uno basado en la teoría multi-cuerpo y otro basado en Elementos Finitos; (iii) desarrollo de pruebas experimentales en campo; y (iv) desarrollo de simulaciones para el análisis detallado del comportamiento estructural para el estudio del flujo de los esfuerzos en la traviesa pivote. El trabajo es aplicado a un caso particular de estudio de un Sistema ferroviario que presta servicio comercial de pasajeros.