Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Bee Pollen as a Functional Product – Chemical Constituents and Nutritional Properties

Alshallash Khalid S., Abolaban Gomaa, Elhamamsy Sam M., Zaghlool Ayman, Nasr Ali, Nagib Ashraf, Abd El-Hakim Ahmed F., Zahra Abdullah A., Hamdy Ashraf E., Taha Ibrahim M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

173--183

EN

Nutritional supplements play a role in promoting human protein synthesis, fitness recovery, and mental health protection. Pollen is considered a natural food with excellent nutritional value. The use of bee-gathered pollen as a nutritional supplement is now widespread around the world, and it is appreciated for its healing qualities. However, depending on the floral species and the region of origin, pollen has a wide range of nutritional value. It was found that clover pollen had the highest protein content (31.4 g/100 g DM), while the lowest content was observed in maize pollen (21.3%). Eucalyptus pollen had the highest lipid amount (9.49 g/100 g DM), while clover pollen had the lowest content (7.46 g/100 g). Phytochemical analysis showed that eucalyptus pollen occupied the highest total antioxidant activity (67.02%), followed by clover (58.25%) then maize (52.18%), whereas clover pollen had the highest phenolic content (1165 mg GAE/100 gm), compared with the other pollen varieties (949.4 to 1073 mg-GAE/100 gm). The contents of branched-chain amino acids were 29, 33.3, and 38.4 mg/g for maize, eucalyptus, and clover respectively, representing 17.87, 18.44, and 16.53% of total amino acids. The contents of total essential amino acids (EAAs) were 61.8, 73.0, and 83.5 mg/g for maize, eucalyptus, and clover pollen, respectively. Only eucalyptus pollen ultimately met the minimum requirements of EAAs for adults. In contrast, the other two types of pollen contained at least 3–4 limiting amounts of the essential amino acids leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, and valine. In conclusion, pollen is a good, affordable source of nutrients that can be utilized as beneficial dietary supplements for human health.

2

Effect of L-glycine on the Growth and Selected Nutritional Elements of Butterhead Lettuce

Rosa Robert, Franczuk Jolanta, Zaniewicz-Bajkowska Anna, Remiszewski Karol, Dydiv Ihor

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 7

20--28

EN

In agricultural practice, there is a need to change the forms of fertilizers to be friendlier to the natural environment and human health. To this end, research has been carried out on the partial replacement of fertilisers containing nitrates or ammonium compounds with amino acid nitrogen. The present studies assessed the effect of L-glycine on growth parameters and on the content of selected nutrients in the butterhead lettuce grown in an unheated greenhouse in the spring. The treatment consisted of foliar L-glycine application at the following concentrations: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 240 mg∙L-1, with a solution dose of 50 ml∙m-2. Foliar application of L-glycine improved the butterhead lettuce growth parameters. The most favourable values of the head weight, root system weight and the number and length of leaves were recorded for the plants fed with doses ranging from 80 to 120 mg∙L-1. The weight of the head and the root system was most favourable after foliar feeding with 120 mg∙L-1 of L-glycine. Additionally, a high value of the SPAD leaf greenness index was noted as a response to the same dose, indicating a high level of leaf nitrogen nutrition. However, foliar feeding with L-glycine had no statistically significant effect on the nutritional value of lettuce, i.e. the content of dry matter, protein, sugars and ascorbic acid.

3

Radicals initiated by gamma rays in selected amino acids and collagen

Przybytniak Grażyna., Sadło Jarosław, Dąbrowska Małgorzata, Zimek Zbigniew

Nukleonika

|

2019

|

Vol. 64, No. 1

11--17

EN

Calf skin collagen and three amino acids essential for its structure, namely glycine, L-proline and 4-hydroxyl-L-proline, were irradiated with gamma rays up to a dose of 10 kGy. Conversion of radicals over time or after thermal annealing to selected temperatures was monitored by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Some experimental spectra were compared with signals simulated based on literature data from the electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) studies. The following phenomena were confi rmed in the tested amino acids: abstraction of hydrogen atom (glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, collagen), deamination (glycine, hydroxyproline), decarboxylation (hydroxyproline). Chain scission at glycine residues, radiation-induced decomposition of side groups and oxidative degradation were observed in irradiated collagen. The decay of radicals in collagen saturated with water occurred at lower temperatures than in macromolecules having only structural water. The paramagnetic centres were the most stable in an oxygen-free atmosphere (vacuum). Radical processes deteriorated the structure of collagen; hence, radiation sterilization of skin grafts requires careful pros and cons analysis.

4

Wpływ wilgotności, temperatury, genotypu i terminu siewu na zawartość białka i profil aminokwasów w nasionach łubinu andyjskiego (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet)

Aniołowska M., Gas M., Kotecki A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2014

|

T. 93, nr 4

524-527

PL

Badano wpływ warunków wilgotnościowo-termicznych, genotypu i terminu siewu na zawartość białka i aminokwasów w nasionach łubinu andyjskiego. Każdy z tych czynników kształtował ilość metioniny, waliny i kwasu asparginowego. Nasiona genotypu epigonalnego w porównaniu z semiepigonalnym zawierały mniej metioniny i waliny, a przesunięcie terminu siewu z I na II powodowało zmniejszenie zawartości tych aminokwasów. Forma epigonalna w porównaniu z semiepigonalą zawierała więcej kwasu glutaminowego, a opóźnienie siewu sprzyjało gromadzeniu tego składnika. Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu analizowanych czynników na zawartość białka. Wskaźnik aminokwasów egzogennych EAAI był niski w porównaniu z rodzimymi gatunkami łubinów.

EN

Andean lupine seeds were studied to establish the effect of moisture, temp., plant genotype and sowing date on amino acid and protein content, contents of methionine, valine and aspartic acid. The epigonal genotype of lupine contained more of methionine and valine than the semiepigonal one. The shift in sowing date resulted in a decrease in content on the amino acids. The epigonal plants contained more glutamic acid than the semiepigonal ones. Delaying the sowing date enhanced accumulation of glutamic acid. No significant effect of the conditions was obsd. for protein content.

5

Kinetics of oxidation of amino acids by a newly synthesized oxidant, N-chloropyrazinamide in aqueous acetic acid medium

Vaijayanthi S.P., Mathiyalagan N.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

|

2013

|

Vol. 11

1--8

EN

The kinetics of oxidation of amino acids namely, alanine, glycine, leucine, phenyl alanine and valine by N-chloropyrazinamide (NCPZA) in aqueous acetic acid medium in the presence of hydrochloric acid have been investigated. The observed rate of oxidation is first order in [NCPZA], [H+] and [Clˉ]. The order with respect to [amino acid] is zero. The rate of oxidation increases with increase in the percentage of acetic acid. The reaction rate increases slightly with increase in ionic strength, while retards with addition of pyrazinamide. Arrhenius and thermodynamic activation parameters have been evaluated from Arrhenius plot by studying the reaction at different temperatures. A most probable reaction mechanism has been proposed and an appropriate rate law is deduced to account for the observed kinetic data.

6

Comparison of the content of some nitrogen compounds in white head cabbage cultivated in soil polluted with hydrated nickel and chelate nickel

Molas J.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2011

|

Vol. 5, No. 2

395--399

EN

A pot experiment was study the effects of hydrate (NiSO4·7H2O) and chelate (Ni-EDTA) nickel on white head cabbage crop and on the content of N-total, free amino acids, protein and exogenous amino acids. Added to soil whose pH was 6.2 in the amount of 75 mg · kg–1 nickel in both chemical forms decreased the crop of dry mass of cabbage, the content of total nitrogen and the analysed compounds of this element. It also reduced the nutritious value of protein, measured by the content of exogenous amino acids. The level of reduction of the crop of dry mass of cabbage and the content of the analysed nitrogen compounds was much bigger in the presence of hydrated nickel (NiSO4·7H2O) than in the presence of chelate form of this element, ie Ni-EDTA and corresponded to the content of nickel in the plants.

PL

W doświadczeniu wazonowym badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby niklem w formie nieorganicznej (NiSO4·7H2O) i chelatowej (Ni-EDTA) na plon kapusty głowiastej białej oraz zawartość azotu, białka, egzogennych i wolnych aminokwasów. Nikiel dodany do gleby o pH 6,2 w ilości 75 mg· kg–1 w obu formach chemicznych obniżał plon suchej masy kapusty oraz zawartość azotu i analizowanych jego związków. Obniżał także wartość odżywczą białka mierzoną zawartością egzogennych aminokwasów. Poziom redukcji plonu suchej masy kapusty i zawartości analizowanych związków azotu był znacznie większy w obecności niklu nieorganicznego NiSO4·7H2O niż chelatu Ni-EDTA i dodatnio korelował z zawartością tego metalu w roślinach.

7

Growth and characterization of an NLO material - crystal of triglycine acetate

Hussaini S. S., Dhumane N. R., Dongre V. G., Shirsat M. D.

Materials Science Poland

|

2009

|

Vol. 27, No. 2

365--372

EN

Triglycine acetate (TGAc), a nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized. The second harmonic generation efficiency has been determined by Kurtz's powder test and it was found to be 1.55 times more than potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The solubility studies were carried out in the temperature range 30-55 °C. Single crystals of TGAc have been grown by slow evaporation of solution at 30 °C. The cell parameters were determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The UV-visible absorption spectra have been recorded to study the optical transmittance in the range from 200 nm to 800 nm. The Fourier transform infrared analysis identified various functional groups present in the material. The mass spectral analysis was carried out to measure the total molecular weight of the grown crystal. Using thermogravimetric analysis the thermal behaviour was studied.

8

Usefulness of spectroscopy for biomedical engineering

Olsztyńska-Janus S., Szymborska K., Komorowska M., Lipiński J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2008

|

Vol. 10, nr 3

45-49

EN

Modifications of phenylalanine amino acid after its exposure to near-infrared (NIR) radiation have been investigated using ATRFTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The process of amino acid aggregation after its exposure to NIR has been observed. A possible mechanism of amino acid dimer formation has been proposed with the help of theoretical calculations of quantum mechanics (MP2 and B3LYP/6–31 G* level) using the GAUSSIAN 03 package. The usefulness of spectroscopy for biomedical engineering is discussed. ATR-FTIR appears to be a powerful tool for measuring tissue damage in aqueous environments.

9

Mathematical modelling of hydrolysed solutes transport in experimental peritoneal dialysis

Weryński A., Wang T., Waniewski J., Anderstam B., Lindholm B., Bergström J.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

|

2000

|

Vol. 20, no. 3

77-91

EN

Dipeptide-based peritoneal dialysis solutions may have potential advantages compared with the gIucose or amino acid-based solutions. DwelI studies in rats were performed during 4 hours with dipeptide solutions containing 5 dipeptides (Gly-His, Ala-Tyr, Thr-Leu, Ser-Phe, Val-Lys), 8 or 16 mmol/l of each dipeptide (low or high dipeptide group). DwelI studies were also performed with a 1.1% amino acid solution (Nutrineal@). The model of dipeptide hydrolysis (hydrolysis rate K(H), diffusive (rate constant K(BDD) and convective transport as welI as transport of constituent amino acids consists of mass balance equations, written for each dipeptide and amino acid. Peritoneal volume with the amino acid solution decreased much faster than that with the high and low dipeptide solutions. K(H) for all dipeptides did not differ between the high and low dipeptide groups. In the low dipeptide group, K(H) was 0,004+/-0,004 ml/min (mean+/-SD) for Gly-His (the lowest) and 0,088+/-0,048 mI/min for Thr-Leu (the highest). K(BDD) was higher than K(H) for all dipeptides, the average being 0,2+/-0.05 ml/min.

PL

Płyny do dializy otrzewnowej zawierające dipeptydy mogą mieć niepoślednie zalety w porównaniu z płynami zawierającymi glukozę lub aminokwasy. Zostały przeprowadzone czterogodzinne eksperymentalne dializy otrzewnowe u szczurów z płynami zawierającymi pięć dipeptydów (Gly-His, Ala-Tyr, Thr-Leu, Ser-P he, Val-Lys) o stężeniach 8 lub 16 mmol/l każdego dipeptydu (grupa dipeptydów niska i grupa wysoka). Zostały również przeprowadzone dializy otrzewnowe z płynem zawierającym 1.1 %. aminokwasów (Nutraneal). Model matematyczny hydrolizy dipeptydów (współczynnik szybkości hydrolizy K(h)), transportu dyfuzyjnego (współczynnik transportu K(BDD)) oraz transportu konwekcyjnego, jak również transportu tworzących dipeptydy aminokwasów został oparty o równania bilansów masy dla każdego dipeptydu i aminokwasu. Objętość dializatu w dializach z płynem zawierającym aminokwasy zmniejszała się znacznie szybciej niż ta objętość w grupach o dużej i małej zawartości dipeptydów. K(H) dla wszystkich dipeptydów nie różnił się między grupą o dużej i małej zawartości dipeptydów i jego wartość wynosiła od 0,004+/-0,004 mI/min (średnia+/-OS) dla Gly-His (najniższa) do 0,088+/-0,048 mI/min dla Thr-Leu (najwyższa). Wartości K(BDD) były wyższe od K(h) dla wszystkich dipeptydów, przy wartości średniej wynoszącej 0,2+/-0,05 ml/min.