Restrukturyzacja przemysłu górniczego w Polsce po roku 1989 spowodowała zamknięcie ponad 40 kopalń, inspirując do analizy możliwości wykorzystania tych likwidowanych kopalń do przekształcenia ich w podziemne magazyny gazu ziemnego. Zagraniczne doświadczenia pokazują taką możliwość - magazynowania w pustkach kopalnianych oraz w porach pokładów węglowych - gazu ziemnego. Takie magazyny mogą być zbudowane w kopalniach, w których jest działający system odwadniania kopalni. Problemy związane z ryzykiem zmiany otoczenia podczas budowy i eksploatacji UGS w zaniechanych kopalniach są opisane. Dwie lokalizacje na podziemny magazyn gazu zostały opisane i przedstawiono ich ocenę ekonomiczną inwestycji. Przedstawiona analiza pokazuje możliwość konwersji kopalni na podziemny magazyn gazu na Górnym Śląsku.
EN
Restructuring of coal mining industry in Poland after 1989, and so the closing of about 40 deep mines, prompted analyses of the potential applicability of abandoned workings as gas or liquid fuels storages. Foreign solutions making use of abandoned excavation and natural pore space for storing hydrocarbons. The UGS should be construed when the dewatering system is operational. Issues related to the environmental hazard during construction and exploitation of UGS in abandoned mines as are described. The economic analysis of the cost of two separate UGS in selected mines has been done. The two selected mines have the largest methane capacity, accounting for total capacity of workings and old workings, as well as sorption capacity of the left out coal. The analyses prove that the conversion of mines from Upper Silesian into underground gas storages is possible.
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The paper describes air pollution problems in Poland, especially in the urban areas with high levels of SOx, NOx particulates and carbon dioxide. Particularly very high is concentration of sulfur dioxide and particulates. Emission rates percapita and per unit of GDP have been several times that of neighboring western countries, although the levels have been somewhat decreasing. Pollution is concentrated in the area of Silesian Coal Basin, which, for example, produced 23% of Poland's total SO2 emissions in 1992, though it occupies only 2% of the country's area. Contribution of abandoned hard-coal mines processes in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) to greenhouse gases pollution is discussed and a prognosis of future air pollution presented. During the last decades considerable improvements have been achieved in reducing air pollution in the country's industrial areas, usually as a result of the Government's efforts through legislative, regulatory and economic means.Also, monitoring of air quality has greatly improved during recent years. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) states report, between 1985 and 2004, the CO2 emissions decreased in Poland by more than 30%, SO2 by 40%, NOx by 30% and particulate matter (PM) by 44%. Potential future improvements in air cleaning with technology transfer and carbon dioxide sequestration is also discussed.
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