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1

The impact of the Triple Helix Model on the local development of Western Poland

Romanowski Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 146

393--411

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to show the positive impact of public support for the relationships within the triple helix model on the local development of Western Poland (WP). Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the econometric model based on backward stepwise multiple regression in which the explanatory variables were expenses aggregated into 44 categories dedicated to triple helix model. The model defines a theoretical framework for local innovation systems in 111 counties of WP (5 western voivodeships). An economic aggregate based on average salaries was chosen as a dependent variable, treated as a measure of local development. Findings: Relationships diagnosed within triple helix model were supported by public expenditures from the European Union cohesion policy in 2007-2013. Two hypotheses were proposed in the paper. In the first one, a presumption was expressed for the positive impact of statistically significant expenditures on innovative activity, and technical and knowledge infrastructure for the local development of WP. The hypothesis was tested in basic and extended variants. In the second one, a presumption was expressed in which public expenditures on technical infrastructure were more influential for the local development of WP than expenditures on knowledge infrastructure. The first hypothesis was confirmed in both basic and extended variants. The second hypothesis could not be confirmed as a result of the research procedure. Importantly, bi-lateral synergy effects in the triple helix model within the researched counties of WP, positively influencing local development, are evident. Research limitations/implications: The Triple helix model, treated as a template for creating local innovation systems, could be extended into quadruple helix model. Future research may include variables related to “society” as forth side supporting innovative processes in local economy. Practical implications: The results of the regression model confirm the positive impact of expenses related to the broadly understood innovation activities on local development. In contrast, expenditure on technical infrastructure, representing the administration–business relationship, demonstrates a negative impact on the adopted local development measures. Originality/value: the paper presents the methodology, that could be used in diagnosing trilateral relationships occurring at the interface of science–business–administration. In the research, only bilateral relations have been diagnosed at the interface of science–business and administration–science.

2

Magnetostratigraphy of the Buntsandstein (Lower Triassic) in the Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole, eastern German Basin in Poland: evidence of substantial diachronism of palynostratigraphic macrospore zones

Becker A., Nawrocki J.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 2

369--378

EN

Palaeomagnetic research on the lower and middle Buntsandstein section of the Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole, located in middle western Poland, showed the possibility of existence of short reversed subzones within the first normal polarity zone of the lowermost Buntsandstein (magnetozone Tbn1). The earlier established magnetozones Tbn2 and Tbn4 were not detected. The stratigraphic gap between the middle and upper Buntsandstein included at least magnetozones Tbn6 and Tbr6. The magnetostratigraphic correlation between the investigated section and the Otyń IG1 section indicates a substantial diachronism of palynostratigraphic zones based on macrospores in the lowermost and middle Buntsandstein.

3

The supraregional cooperation as the way for the development of Western Poland

Wyrwa J.

Management

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2013

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Vol. 17, no. 1

200--219

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the main issues associated with the creation of the supraregional strategy on the example of Western Poland. It is in the first part of the study that there were presented external conditions for the cooperation arising from the regulations of the most important European and Polish program documents of the time horizon up to 2020. The next part presents synthetic social and economic characterization of the macro-region of Western Poland. Subsequently, the concept and the objectives for the creation of the supraregional strategy were presented. It is at present that the Development Strategy for Western Poland and the Development Strategy for Southern Poland for the Śląskie and Małopolskie Voivodeships are being created. These initiatives are bottom-up actions of the self-government bodies of the voivodeships that allows for implementing the model of the multilevel governance and the strategic partnership of the domestic and regional system. These are the first cooperation projects amongst macro-regions in Poland initiated from the bottom up and voluntarily by self-government authorities, in which the voivodeships acknowledge that their development should take place through joint actions taken in the entire macro-region and creating the synergy effect. These are very innovative actions against the background of the experience at programming the regional development in Poland.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia podstawowe zagadnienia związane z tworzeniem strategii ponadregionalnej na przykładzie Polski zachodniej. W pierwszej części opracowania omówiono zewnętrzne uwarunkowania współpracy wynikające z zapisów najważniejszych europejskich i polskich dokumentów programowych o horyzoncie czasowym do 2020 roku. W dalszej części zaprezentowano syntetyczną charakterystykę społeczno-gospodarczą makroregionu Polski zachodniej. Następnie przestawiono koncepcję i założenia budowy strategii ponadregionalnej. Obecnie w Polsce trwają prace nad Strategią Rozwoju Polski Zachodniej oraz Strategią dla Rozwoju Polski Południowej w obszarze województwa śląskiego i małopolskiego. Inicjatywy te są oddolnym działaniem samorządów województw, co pozwala zastosować model wieloszczeblowego zarządzania publicznego i strategicznego partnerstwa układu krajowego i regionalnego. To pierwsze w Polsce przedsięwzięcia współpracy w ramach makroregionów zainicjowane oddolnie i dobrowolnie przez władze samorządowe, w których województwa uznają, że ich rozwój powinien następować poprzez wspólne działania podejmowane w ramach całego makroregionu kreując efekt synergii. Na tle dotychczasowych doświadczeń programowania rozwoju regionalnego w Polsce są to innowacyjne przedsięwzięcia.

4

New investigations into Early Vistulian site at Białowice (Zielona Góra area, SW Poland)

Kuszell T., Klaczak T., Bartczak E.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 1

127-138

EN

The Białowice site is situated in the north-west of the Nowa Sól Depression which is part of the Central Poland Lowlands. Palynological analysis shows that lake and swamp accumulations took place in the Early Vistulian. Two warm interstadial-rank oscillations (Brörup and Odderade) and a stadial (Rederstall) have been distinguished during the Early Vistulian. The sequence of changes at Białowice is similar to the sequences in profiles from other parts of Poland and Western Europe. Until now, in that region of Poland the vegetation succession of the Brörup and Odderade had remained unknown. The lithology of the profile at Białowice shows rapid changes of sedimentation which have been observed in the younger part of the Brörup and at the Brörup/Rederstall transition. Geological and palynological data suggests that the maximum limit of the Vistulian Glaciation to the south of the Żary Hills.

5

Napływ spółek z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego a najważniejsze wskaźniki makroekonomiczne w zachodnich regionach przygranicznych Polski 1999-2009

Popławski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2011

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Nr 4

383-397

PL

Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań nad wpływem bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na gospodarkę zachodnich regionów przygranicznych Polski w okresie 1999-2009. W badaniu posłużono się metodą analizy porównawczej dynamiki napływu bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych do spółek handlowych oraz najważniejszych wskaźników makroekonomicznych, tj. produkt krajowy brutto oraz poziom zatrudnienia i bezrobocia. Badania oparte zostały na źródłach wtórnych (dane GUS) oraz literaturze przedmiotu.

EN

The article presents the results of the studies on foreign direct investment influencing the economy of the western borderlands of Poland from 1999 to 2009. The research used the comparative analysis of the dynamics of the inflow of foreign direct investment to companies and the most important macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product as well as employment and unemployment levels. The studies were based on secondary sources (data from the Central Statistical Office) as well as the literature on the subject.

6

The first record of red till lithotype in western Poland and its implication for glacial stratigraphy and palaeogeography

Krzyszkowski D.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2010

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Vol. 80, No 1

53-67

EN

The first site in western Poland with a red till lithotype has been discovered in the Trzebnica Hills, southwestern Poland. This is a clay-rich, red till with dominant East-Baltic material (East-Baltic lithotypes). The red till forms the uppermost part of the Borowiec Till, a till from the Sanian 2 (Elsterian) Glaciation. Moreover, some Borowiec tills in the Barycz River valley (north) and the Prosna River valley (east) contain in their uppermost parts a dolomite-rich horizon, which, although only greyish-brown, also represents the East-Baltic till lithotypes. The late Elsterian ice sheet in Poland was developed as several ice-lobes with different ice dynamics. The lobes from western Poland advanced to their maximum extent earlier than the eastern lobes. In the latest phase of the glaciation, the western lobes retreated, while the eastern ones advanced from NE to SW. Their presence is proved by deposition of the Borowiec Till and East-Baltic till lithotypes.

7

Permian trepostome bryozoans from the Zechstein Main Dolomite (Ca2) of Western Poland and NE Germany

Hara U., Ernst A., Mikołajewski Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2009

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Vol. 53, No 2

249-254

EN

The trepostome bryozoan Dyscritella microstoma Ernst, 2001 is reported for the first time from the Zechstein Main Dolomite (Ca2) of Poland and Germany. This species has been previously recognized in the older fossiliferous Zechstein Lime stone (Ca1) of the North Sudetic Basin (Poland) and in the northern part of Germany. The Polish specimens derive from a few boreholes located in the Pomerania region and in the Wolsztyn High, both in the western part of Poland. The German material comes from a borehole on Rügen Island in North eastern Germany. The present paper deals with the taxonomic description of D. microstoma and its distribution in the Main Dolomite deposits.

8

Reconstructions of the early and middle Holocene climate and environment based on [delta^13]C and [delta^18]O records in biogenic carbonates; Lake Niepruszewskie, western Poland

Apolinarska K.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 3

359-370

EN

The present study investigates environmental conditions during sediment accumulation in Lake Niepruszewskie, western Poland. Palaeolimnological reconstructions are based on stable isotope composition ([delta^13]C and [delta^18]O) of a wide range of biogenic carbonates occurring in the sediments, including shells of several gastropod species and the bivalve genus Pisidium, carapaces of ostracods belonging to the subfamily Candoninae and encrustations and oogonia of the aquatic macrophyte genus Chara. According to the radiocarbon dates obtained, accumulation of the sediment sequence began in the early Atlantic and terminated in the early Subboreal. Both [delta^13]C and [delta^18]O records reveal significant and frequent fluctuations that are attributed to repeated changes in the Lake Niepruszewskie water balance. However, conditions of prevailing long water residence time, accompanied by high productivity within the lake, are reflected in a [^13]C-enriched carbon-isotope record. Minimum [delta^13]C and [delta^18]O values were recorded for the earliest Atlantic and maximum values characterize the interglacial optimum during the middle and late Atlantic. Discrepancies observed between isotope records of particular taxa reflect the specific season and subhabitat of each carbonate secretion. [^13]C-enriched Chara encrustations and oogonia are consistent with their precipitation within the photic zone, which is commonly [^13]C-enriched due to the photosynthetic activity of macrophytes and phytoplankton. The carbon isotope composition of Lymnaea auricularia shells indicates that breathing behaviour leaves its imprint on [delta^13]C in snail shells. In aquatic air-breathing pulmonate gastropods this results in [^13]C-depletion in shells. Isotope records of individual shells of two snail species, Valvata piscinalis and Gyraulus laevis, indicate that in order to obtain mean [delta^13]C and [delta^18]O values that are representative of a 5 cm thick sampling interval, stable isotope signatures of more than five shells must be obtained.

9

[Delta^18]O and [delta^13]C isotope investigation of the Late Glacial and early Holocene biogenic carbonates from the Lake Lednica sediments, western Poland

Apolinarska K.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 1

111-121

EN

Stable isotope composition ([delta^18]O and [delta^13]C) of biogenic carbonates derived from the Lake Lednica sediments at Rybitwy, western Poland, was applied to obtain data on climatic changes during the Late Glacial and early Holocene. A wide range of carbonates occurring in the sediments was analysed for [delta^18]O and [delta^13]C records, including shells of several gastropod species, the bivalve genus Pisidium and carapaces of ostracods belonging to the subfamily Candoninae. The [delta^18]O and [delta^13]C records reveal changes commonly observed for the Late Glacial and early Holocene with the exception of the low oxygen isotope values of the Bolling and Allerod Interstadials. The latter is interpreted as a consequence of [^18]O-depletion of the lake water resulting from gradual melting of the dead ice that still filled the deepest parts of the Lake Lednica valley during the period described. The Younger Dryas Stadial begins with the isotopically lightest values in the sequence; however, due to the [^18]O-depleted values of the Allerod Interstadial the Allerod/Younger Dryas boundary is poorly marked. The Younger Dryas/Preboreal transition is documented by a significant shift in [delta^18]O values of about 2-3[per mil], resulting from an increase in the mean annual temperature. The [delta^13]C record reflects the productivity level in the lake, with [^13]C-enriched carbonates during the Bolling and Allerod Interstadials, and the Preboreal and Boreal, when photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton and macrophytes was the most intensive. Differences in [delta^18]O and [delta^13]C values between mollusc shells and ostracod carapaces reflect the specific season and subhabitat of each carbonate secretion.

10

Stałe bituminy w utworach dolomitu głównego Polski zachodniej

Grelowski C., Protas A., Grotek I.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2008

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nr 150 wydanie konferencyjne

439--448

PL

Badania geochemiczno-petrograficzne ujawniły powszechne występowanie amorficznych stałych bituminów w skałach węglanowych dolomitu głównego w Polsce zachodniej. W skałach macierzystych i złożowych różnych rejonów Niżu Polski stopień przeobrażenia stałych bituminów obejmuje przedział od 0,88 %(zakres okna ropnego) do 3,26% R° (zakres generowania gazu metanowego) w skali refleksyjności witrynitu. Skały macierzyste zawierają na ogół do 1% TOC i charakteryzują się niskimi wartościami parametrów Rock-Eval: S2 (do 1,85 mg HC/g skały) i HI (do 200 mg HC/g TOC). Podział substancji organicznej na frakcje węglowodorowe umożliwia wydzielenie stałych bituminów w złożach ropy naftowej lub złożach uległych wcześniejszej destrukcji. Zastosowane techniki mikroskopowe UV i VIS dokumentują występowania tego typu substancji organicznej w przestrzeni porowej, mikroszczelinach i spękaniach oraz impregnacji w postaci struktur spływowych. Utwory zawierające stałe bituminy wykazują redukcję własności zbiornikowych (porowatości) i filtracyjnych (przepuszczalności).

EN

Geochemical and petrographical investigations revealed common occurrence of amorphic solid bitumen in the Zechstein Main Dolomite carbonate rocks in the western part of Poland. Solid bitumen was created as a result of gas deasphalting or thermal cracking processes. In source and reservoir rocks in different Polish Lowland areas the solid bitumen maturity covers the range from 0,88% (oil window) to 3,26% R° (dry gas generation) in vitrinite reflectance scale. Generally source rocks contain up to 1% TOC and have low Rock-Eval parameter values: S2 (up to 1,85 mg HC/g rock) and HI (up to 200 mg HC/g TOC). Organic matter division on hydrocarbon fractions enables differentiation of solid bitumen in crude oi1 deposits or in deposits which underwent a destruction. Applied UV and VIS microscopic techniques confirmed such organic matter occurrence in pore space, microfractures and fissures and as impregnations of flow-like textures. Deposits containing solid bitumen indicate a reduction of reservoir (porosity) and transportation (permeability) properties.

11

Spoiwa skał górnego czerwonego spągowca w zachodniej części niżu polskiego w ujęciu kartograficznym

Maliszewska A., Kuberska M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 429

79-89

PL

Wykonano badania petrograficzne skał czerwonego spągowca górnego z 76 otworów wiertniczych. W piaskowcach i zlepieńcach określono udział poszczególnych składników spoiw w celu rozpoznania ich roli w ograniczaniu właściwości zbiornikowych. Wyróżniono tu pelitowo-aleurytowe składniki allogeniczne, czyli matriks, oraz minerały autigeniczne - cementy. Wyliczono minimalne i maksymalne udziały poszczególnych rodzajów spoiw w skałach z badanych profilów wiertniczych oraz przedstawiono ich lateralną zmienność. Zawartość matriksu w analizowanych osadach waha się w granicach od 0,0 do 47,5% obj. Największy jego udział stwierdzono w skałach z rejonów Parzęczewa, Klęki i Siekierek na monoklinie przedsudeckiej oraz w strefie Bielica-Wysoka Kamieńska na Pomorzu Zachodnim. Cementy węglanowe (0,0-49,6% obj.), reprezentowane przez kalcyt i dolomit, dominują na Pomorzu Zachodnim, podobnie jak cementy siarczanowe (0,0-29,5% obj.). Najwyższy udział cementu kwarcowego (20,7% obj.) stwierdzono na Pomorzu w skałach z otworu Słowieńsko 1, natomiast w skałach z obszaru monokliny przedsudeckiej rzadko przekracza on 10% obj. Cementacja osadów węglanami, siarczanami i kwarcem powodowała znaczne ograniczenie porowatości skał, jednakże powszechna działalność diagenetycznego rozpuszczania przyczyniła się do zachowania ich zdolności filtracyjnych. Autigeniczne minerały ilaste w osadach Pomorza Zachodniego są reprezentowane głównie przez kaolinit i chloryty, a illit i minerały mieszanopakietowe illit/smektyt (I/S) występują podrzędnie. Diagenetyczny illit jest z kolei rozpowszechniony na obszarze monokliny przedsudeckiej, gdzie występuje obok chlorytów i minerałów I/S. Illit ten, obecny najczęściej w postaci włókien tworzących w przestrzeniach porowych mikrostruktury siatkowe, najsilniej ogranicza przepuszczalność osadów, często redukując ją całkowicie.

EN

Petrographic research was performed on Upper Rotliegend rocks from 76 boreholes. The contribution of individual components of cements and the sum of matrix was determined for sandstones and conglomerates to recognize their role in reservoir quality reduction. Allogenic pelitic-aleuritic components i.e. the matrix, and authigenic minerals i.e. the cements have been identified. The minimum and maximum contents of individual cement types were measured and their distribution is presented in maps. The matrix content in the deposits varies from 0.0 to 47.5% vol. The highest values were recorded in the Parzęczewo, Klęka and Siekierki environs of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, and in the Bielica-Wysoka Kamieńska zone of Western Pomerania. Carbonate cements (0.0-49.6% vol.), represented by calcite and dolomite, and sulphate cements (0.0-29.5% vol.) are dominant in Western Pomerania. The highest content of quartz cement (20.7% vol.) is observed in Pomerania (Słowieńsko 1 borehole). In the Fore-Sudetic Monocline region, it rarely exceeds 10% vol. Carbonate, sulphate and quartz cementation resulted in considerable reduction of the rocks porosity, however commonly operating diagenetic dissolution allowed them to keep their filtration ability. Authigenic clay minerals are represented in the rocks of Western Pomerania largely by kaolinite and chlorite. Illite and mixed-layers illite/smectite (I/S) minerals occur in minor proportions. Diagenetic illite, accompanied by chlorites and I/S minerals, is commonly observed in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. This illite, represented mostly by fibres forming meshwork microstructures in the pore space, was the strongest reducing factor of permeability, often destroying it completely

12

Mikrofacje i diageneza utworów dolomitu głównego (Ca2) w rejonie bariery Międzychodu (Półwysep Grotowa, Polska Zachodnia)

Mikołajewski Z., Słowakiewicz M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 429

91-97

PL

Utwory dolomitu głównego stwierdzone w rejonie Międzychodu stanowią fragment dolomitowej bariery oolitowej obejmującej zachodnią część półwyspu Grotowa. Profile z otworów wiertniczych Międzychód-4, Międzychód-5 i Międzychód-6 składają się z bogatego spektrum odmian mikrofacjalnych, wskazujących na depozycję w zróżnicowanych subśrodowiskach szeroko pojętej strefy bariery węglanowej. Przeobrażenia diagenetyczne oraz rozwój przestrzeni porowej zachodziły wielostopniowo i związane były zarówno z etapem depozycyjno-diagenetycznym (eodiageneza), jak również z etapem pogrzebania (mezodiageneza). Niektóre z nich przyczyniły się do obniżenia potencjału zbiornikowego (kompakcja, cementacja, neomorfizm), inne w znacznym stopniu go poprawiły (rozpuszczanie, szczelinowatość). Najbardziej niekorzystnie na zabudowę przestrzeni porowej wpłynęła cementacja dolomitowa i anhydrytowa. Także halit, minerały ilaste oraz impregnacja bitumiczna przyczyniły się do jej ograniczenia. Neomorfizm doprowadził niekiedy do całkowitego zatarcia pierwotnych cech strukturalno-teksturalnych skały. Rozpuszczanie i szczelinowatość w znacznym stopniu polepszyły właściwości zbiornikowe (porowatość, przepuszczalność). W wyniku rozpuszczenia niestabilnych bioklastów oraz jąder ziarn węglanowych doszło do powstania porowatości moldycznej.

EN

The Main Dolomite rocks found in the Międzychód area are associated with a fragment of a dolostone oolite barrier comprising the western part of the Grotów Peninsula. The sections from the Międzychód-4, Międzychód-5 and Międzychód-6 wells contain diverse microfacies types characteristic of deposition in differentiated subenvironments within the carbonate barrier zone. Diagenetic transformations and development of pore space occurred as multistage processes. They were associated with both the diagenetic-depositional zones (eodiagenesis) and the burial stage (mesodiagenesis). Some of them lowered the reservoir potential (compaction, cementation, neomorphism), whereas others significantly improved it (dissolution, fracturing). Dolomite and anhydrite cementation, halite, clay minerals and bitumen impregnation reduced the pore space filtration properties. In some places neomorphism affected primary structural-textural features of the rocks. Dissolution and fracturing significantly improved reservoir properties (porosity, permeability). Dissolution of unstable bioclasts and cores of carbonate grains resulted in formation of moldic porosity.

13

Petrological studies of the Early Jurassic siderites from Western Pomerania (Poland)

Maliszewska A., Kozłowska A., Kuberska M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

96-97

EN

Petrological studies of siderite layers and concretions occurring in the Early Jurassic periodically marine deposits, described as the brackish shelf facies (Feldman-Olszewska 1997), were conducted. The analyzed rocks are mainly built of the sideroplesite, while siderite and pistomesite occur sporadically. Two generations of the sideroplesite were distinguished, that essentially differ due to the size of the rhombohedra. The older generation forms micritic concretions and micritic layers of the clayey siderites. The younger generation either represents a groundmass of the sparry siderites or cements of the sideritic sandstones. Some layers of siderites contain ooids and aggregates of the chamosite and phosphates, chamosite intraclasts, pyrite, detrital quartz and micas. Numerous shells of foraminifers and occasionally molluscs are present, too. Nine samples of the clayish siderites from the Mechowo IG1 borehole were isotopically analyzed aiming at oxygen and carbon ratios. The recognition of δ18 O of crystallization waters responsible for the siderite formation was the final aim of the studies. A formula given by Carothers et al. (1998) as well as the results of studies on the siderites of Baker et al. (1995) were applied. It results from the calculations that the δ18 O of the crystallization water oscillated between -12 and -3‰ SMOW in the Late Sinemurian, while in the Early Pliensbachian and the Early Toarcian it changed from -10 to +2‰ SMOW. That points to the meteoric waters gradually enriched in the 18 O isotope. The δ13C values in the siderite samples oscillate from -0.85 to -10.57‰ PDB. That suggests that the pore waters were enriched in carbon formed in the microbiological zone of the metanogenesis due to the alteration of the organic matter (Longstaffe & Ayalon 1997). The whole petrological analysis of the siderites points to their origin as the product of the diagenetic processes which operated in the bottom mud of the shallow brackish basins in the anoxic conditions with the influence of the meteoritic waters.

14

Wpływ środkowoplejstoceńskich struktur glacitektonicznych i rynien subglacjalnych na rzeźbę w północnej części Pojezierza Lubuskiego [zachodnia Polska]

Winnicki J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2004

|

Vol. 52, nr 12

1144--1150

EN

The northern part of Lubusz Lakeland is the area of a various relief, where are clearly marked morphological by varied Ośno-Sulechów Hills and a flat Torzym Plain, situated farther south. Both units are cut by deep valleys used by rivers and lakes. The relief generally arose at the end of South-Polish Glaciations. In the first stage, push moraine[Ośno-Sulechów Hills] formed of folded Paleogene and Neogene and Quaternary sediments. The extent of the vertical Cenozoic sediment movements presumably exceeds 250 m. On the Torzym Plain, there were much less disturbed Paleogene and Neogene sediments in the form of a big beaming folding structures. In spite of the lack of Paleogene and Neogene convincing evidence, it’s not possible to reject tectonic movements during formation Ooeno-Sulechów Hills and Torzym Plain. The younger glaciations modified earlier elements of this relief to a small extent. During the next stage of the South-Polish Glaciations [Sanian] very deep subglacial valleys were eroded, which probably were connected with the drainage system of central and northern Germany. The valleys cut out the subglacial zone of Ośno-Sulechów Hills and Torzym Plain to the depth of over 160 m b.s.l. Those valleys still existed during the next glaciations and interglacials, as indicated by fluvial and lacustrine sediments of Mazovian Interglacial age, as well as valley sandurs of Pliszka and Ilanka rivers originated during the Weichselian.

15

Deep reflection seismic experiments in western Poland

Młynarski S., Pokorski J., Dziewińska L., Jóżwiak W., Zientara P.

Geological Quarterly

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2000

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Vol. 44, Nr 2

175-181

EN

The paper presents the interpretation of a composite seismic profile recorded to 18 s TWT which crosses western Poland from the south to north. The interpretation is based on data along the profiles GB-2, GB-2B-96 and 25-III-82 collected between 1987 and 1996. Two reflection horizons bordering the crystalline crust have been recognized: in the top - SK, and in the base (Moho - M). The Caledonian complex is distinguished in the northern part of the profile GB-2 north of the Dolsk Zone. The results obtained allow determination of crustal structure down to the Moho. Several deep fault zones have been delimited (in the regions of Dolsk, Szamotuły and Trans-European Fault) which cut the entire crust. Crustal thickness ranges from approximately 30 km in the Palaeozoic platform up to about 40 km along the Trans-European Suture Zone.