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1

Modification of Microstructure and Surface Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by MoSi2 Particles Using Micro-Arc Oxidation Process

Kadhim Nawar Fahem, Haleem Ali Hubi, Awad Samir Hamid

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no 2

374--384

EN

As an effective surface modification technique, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is now widely used to improve the hardness and wear resistance of Ti and its alloys by low-cost and thick ceramic coatings. In this study, MoSi2 – modified ceramic coatings were deposited on Ti–6Al–4V alloy (340 HV) by MAO using an aqueous solution of (Na2SiO3),(NaPO3)6 and (NaOH) and MoSi2 particles. MoSi2 particles (3, 5, and 7 g/l) from wastes of furnaces electrodes were introduced into the electrolyte to improve the microstructure and surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloys. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical tests (microhardness and wear) were used to identify the coating properties, morphologies, and phases. The findings showed that the addition of (5g/l) MoSi2 increased the thickness and hardness of MAO coatings from (19.08µm) and (910 HV) to (33.12µm) and (1260 HV), respectively. Also, the wear resistance by means of weight losses of uncoated alloys enhanced by (68 %) and (100%) after MAO and (5g/l) MoSi2 modified-MAO coatings, respectively. Results of this work will promote future works in using of industrial wastes in surface engineering of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by MAO technique for wear resistance applications.

2

TIG Welding of Ti6Al4V: Effect of Ti6Al4V ELI as Filler Metal

Omoniyi Peter O., Mahamood Rasheedat. M., Adeleke Adekunle A., Ikubanni Peter P., Akinlabi Stephen A., Akinlabi Esther Titilayo

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 2

769--773

EN

Titanium and its alloys have significant uses in the biomedical, chemical, and aerospace industries. In this article, the current and gas flow rates were varied using Taguchi’s experiment design. The mechanical properties of the welded joint made using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and Ti6Al4V ELI as filler metal was characterized using the microstructure, microhardness, and tensile strength. The joint was classified into three regions, namely, fusion zone (FZ), heat affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM). Results show martensitic microstructure within the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ), which resulted in an increased hardness within the fusion and heat affected zone.

3

Cutting force prediction of Ti6Al4V using a machine learning model of SPH orthogonal cutting process simulations

Klippel Hagen, Sanchez Eduardo Gonzalez, Isabel Margolis, Röthlin Matthias, Afrasiabi Mohamadreza, Michal Kuffa, Wegener Konrad

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

111--123

EN

The prediction of machining processes is a challenging task and usually requires a large experimental basis. These experiments are time-consuming and require manufacturing and testing of different tool geometries at various process conditions to find optimum machining settings. In this paper, a machine learning model of the orthogonal cutting process of Ti6Al4V is proposed to predict the cutting and feed forces for a wide range of process conditions with regards to rake angle, clearance angle, cutting edge radius, feed and cutting speed. The model uses training data generated by virtual experiments, which are conducted using physical based simulations of the orthogonal cutting process with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The ML training set is composed of input parameters, and output process forces from 2500 instances of GPU accelerated SPH simulations. The resulting model provides fast process force predictions and can consider the cutter geometry in comparison to classical analytical approaches.

4

The effect of the remelting and laser surface alloying of titanium grade 5 (Ti6-Al-4V) on erosive wear resistance

Poloczek Tomasz, Kwaśny Waldemar, Czupryński Artur

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

|

2022

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Vol. 66, No. 2

23--32

EN

The article presents the effect of the remelting and alloying of titanium grade 5 (Ti6-Al-4V) on erosive wear resistance (in accordance with the ASTM G76-04 standard). The study involved tests concerning the effect of graphite on the in-situ synthesis of titanium carbide during alloying performed using a Trudisk 3302 disk laser. The study also involved hardness measurements of individual beads as well as macro and microscopic tests. The tests involving the use of a Phenom World PRO scanning electron microscope provided with an EDS analyser as well as the X-ray phase analysis revealed the possible synthesis of titanium carbide during the laser alloying of the titanium surface with graphite. The erosive wear resistance of beads reinforced with composite particles was higher than that of the material in the as-received state, yet lower than that of the material remelted without the use of the alloying material.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ przetapiania oraz stopowania tytanu Grade 5 (Ti6-Al-4V) na odporność erozyjną, zgodnie z normą ASTM G76-04. Przebadano wpływ grafitu na możliwość syntezy in situ węglika tytanu w procesie stopowania laserowego, wykorzystując laser dyskowy Trudisk 3302. Wykonano pomiary twardości poszczególnych ściegów oraz badania metalograficzne makro- i mikroskopowe. Przeprowadzone badania na skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym PhenomWorld PRO, wyposażonym w analizator EDS, oraz rentgenowska analiza fazowa wykazały możliwość syntezy węglika tytanu w procesach stopowania laserowego powierzchni tytanu grafitem. Odporność na zużycie erozyjne ściegów wzmocnionych cząstkami kompozytowymi wykazała polepszenie własności względem materiału w stanie dostawy, natomiast osiąga niższe wartości względem materiału przetopionego bez udziału materiału stopującego.

5

Porosity Quantification of Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V and CoCrW Alloys Produced by L-PBF

Bidulský Robert, Petroušek Patrik, Bidulská Jana, Hudák Radovan, Živčák Jozef, Actis Grande Marco

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 1

83--89

EN

The main aim of the present paper is to evaluate the porosity and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V and CoCrW alloys produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) as an additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Ti6Al4V and CoCrW alloys are attractive for medical application. The complex examination of porosity for these alloys needs the quantification of morphological and dimensional characteristics. Quantification of porosity was realized on non-etched samples. Quantitative image analysis was used to describe the dimensional and morphological porosity characteristics. The pores were evaluated by Image pro plus software. The results show the significant inhomogeneity of the morphology and distribution, as well as the pore size in the investigated materials and underline the importance of pore structure for the controlling mechanism of the mechanical response.

6

Analysis of friction and wear processes in an innovative spine stabilization system. Part 1. A study of static and kinetic friction of a metal rod-polymer cord friction joint

Brończyk Anna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2022

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Vol. 24, no. 1

118--130

EN

This analysis is the first part of research that aims to develop a model of the tribological wear of PE-UHMW cord – biometal rod combination. This type of sliding joint is applied in spine stabilization systems that enable the treatment of early-onset idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: The friction tests included force measurements, followed by the determination of static and kinetic friction coefficients as a function of the number of the performed movement cycles, and static friction coefficient with regards to the string tension force FN in the range of 50–300 N. Additionally, the surface roughness and microscopic observations of the metal rods were made. The friction measurements were carried out at a stabilized temperature T = 38 °C in the presence of distilled water and acidic sodium lactate. Results: The measurements confirmed the impact of both the number of completed movement cycles and the value of the force loaded on the cord on the static friction coefficient. Similar values of kinetic friction force occur for the pairs with the titanium alloys rods, as well as for the pairs with the steel and CoCr rod. The type of lubricant affected the obtained measurement results unevenly: (Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb – slight impact, steel 316L and CoCrMo – large impact). During microscopic observations, numerous wear products, were visible, including harder than the base material large conglomerates. Conclusions: Susceptibility of polymer fibres results in its increased resistance to wear, but it can be also combined with an increase in wear of the surface of the metal rod.

7

Odporność korozyjna utlenianego anodowo stopu tytanu Ti6Al4V

Sitkowska Nikoletta, Jagielska-Wiaderek Karina

Archiwum Wiedzy Inżynierskiej

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2021

|

T. 6, Nr 1

9--12

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu parametrów anodowania stopu tytanu na jego odporność korozyjną w roztworze sztucznej śliny. Stwierdzono, że w środowisku kwasu fosforowego, narastanie warstw tlenowych zależało od czasu i gęstości prądu anodowania. Zaobserwowano, że warstwy pasywne pełnią funkcje ochronne i zwiększają odporność na korozję stopu tytanu. Odporność korozyjna materiału wzrastała wraz ze wzrostem grubości tworzonych warstw.

EN

The objective of the work was to investigate the effect of anodizing parameters of titanium alloy on its corrosion resistance in artificial saliva solution. It was found that in the environment of phosphoric acid, the growth of oxygen layers depended on the time and density of the anodizing current. It has been observed that the passive layers perform a protective function and increase the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy. The corrosion resistance of the material increased with the thickness of the created layers.

8

Pitting corrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless-steel coated on Ti6Al4V alloy in chloride solutions

Yamanoglu R., Fazakas E., Ahnia F., Alontseva D., Khoshnaw F.

Advances in Materials Science

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2021

|

Vol. 21, nr 2(68)

5--15

EN

This study aims to investigate the influence of adding a coating layer of austenitic stainless steel type 316L on Ti6Al4V alloy on corrosion behaviour. Samples of 316L, Ti6Al4V, and 316L on Ti6Al4V were prepared by hot-press sintering of their powders. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was used to characterize the corrosion behaviour of the samples in 0.9 and 3.5 wt. % NaCl concentrations. The corrosion potential (Ecorr.), current density (icorr) and corrosion rate (CR) of the sintered samples were compared in this study. The results showed that 316L samples had the best corrosion resistance, although micropits were observed on the surface, while Ti6Al4V samples had the lowest. This corrosion behaviour of sintered 316L samples can be interrelated to the existence of a passive layer on stainless steel alloys that can be attacked by chloride ions and causing localized corrosion. In general, the CR values of Ti6Al4V samples coated by 316L were between the 316L and Ti6Al4V samples. The CR values of the samples, in 0.9 wt. % NaCl, did not show significant changes with increasing time, as the CR for 316L values were around 0.003 mm/year, while for Ti6Al4V the CR values changed noticeably from 0.018 mm/year of 0 hr, to 0.015 mm/year for 24 hours. However, the changes were less than that of Ti6Al4V. For 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution, although the same order of CR remained, i.e., the CR values of coated Ti6Al4V samples were between 316L (lowest) and Ti6Al4V (highest), the overall CR values for the samples were higher than 0.9 wt. % NaCl.

9

Benefits of using TI6AL4V alloy for connecting rod and crankshaft of a four-stroke ICE

Hebzda Michał

Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University

|

2020

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nr 113

43--53

EN

The article presents the process of designing a connecting rod and crankshaft made of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in accordance with the assumed dimensions. The Engine unit will power a vehicle taking part in the Shell Eco-Marathon competition. The elements were subjected to FEM simulation for static and fatigue strength to check their trouble-free operation. The research has had positive effects, making further modification of the designed parts unnecessary. The energy needed to set in motion elements made of steel and Ti6Al4V alloy was compared, which results in a difference in fuel consumption.

10

The effect of hydroxyapatite coating with silver nanoparticles on osseointegration of titanium implants

Sulej-Chojnacka Joanna, Woźniak Waldemar, Andrzejewski Daniel

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2020

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Vol. 23, no. 154

9--15

EN

During the implantation surgery, an infection associated with the biofilm formation may occur. Both the type of the introduced material as well as the implant osseointegration largely determine the effectiveness of bone defect treatment. The materials research is increasingly focusing on improving the osseointegration process. A bacterial biofilm can form on any surface of the artificial organ that has been introduced into the body or surrounding tissues. A bacterial infection is one of the most serious complications of implantology surgery leading to serious physiological damage. As proved in the literature, a solution that can prevent bacterial infections is to modify the implant surface by applying an antibacterial coating, while maintaining the material biocompatibility. The article presents the tests results of prototype implants with hydroxyapatite coatings obtained via plasma spraying on titanium surfaces. The resulting coatings were enriched with silver nanoparticles, the content of which was about 2%. The animal model are New Zealand rabbits. The implants were placed in the femur of the animal. The amount of released ions and the force of pulling the implants from the bone were determined. The binding strength between the joint surface and the implant was determined by the mechanical blocking and biological binding of growing bone tissue. In addition, the surface structure of the obtained implants was evaluated. It has been shown that the surface modification of the implants affected the obtained stabilization value, as compared to the implants surface coated only with hydroxyapatite.

11

Effect of material microstructure on tool wear behavior during machining additively manufactured Ti6Al4V

Dang Jiaqiang, Cai Xiaojiang, Yu Dedong, An Qinglong, Ming Weiwei, Chen Ming

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, no. 1

41--55

EN

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are increasingly applied in various industries since they provide the possibility to manufacture the components with high geometrical complexity easier and faster than traditional processes. However, the subsequent semi-finish/finish machining operations such as drilling, turning and/or milling are still necessary for AM parts to obtain the required surface textures and meet the practical requirements. As such, the AM parts usually indicate different machinability compared with conventionally produced ones in view of the different material microstructures. A comprehensive understanding of this machining effort is of great importance for similar engineering applications but not widely reported. Thus, an attempt was made in this work to address the effect of the material microstructure on the machining stability and tool wear behavior in dry drilling of the hard titanium alloys. The experimental results highlight a correlation between the tool wear behavior and material microstructures. A great number of micro-pits appeared on the tool flank face and the abrasive marks, coating delamination, as well as catastrophic failure of the cutting edge were found to be more obvious during machining the DMLS alloy. In contrast, adhesion wear followed by micro chipping and build-up edge were distinguished when machining the wrought Ti6Al4V. Meanwhile, heat treatment can improve the flow plasticity and reduce the brittleness of the AM material since catastrophic failure disappeared and chip adhesion becomes more predominant when machining the HTDMLS Ti6Al4V.

12

Structure, Texture and Tensile Properties of Ti6Al4V Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Konečná Radomila, Medvecká Denisa, Nicoletto Gianni

Production Engineering Archives

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2019

|

Vol. 25

60--65

EN

Additive manufacturing has recently expanded its potential with the development of selective laser melting (SLM) of metallic powders. This study investigates the relation between the mechanical properties and the microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by SLM followed by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment. HIP treatment minimizes the detrimental influence of material defects. Tensile specimens produced with reference to specific building axes were prepared using a Renishaw A250 system. It has been found that the tensile strength and elongation depend on specimen building direction. Microstructural and textural characterizations were carried out to identify the source of differences.

13

Influence of Recast Layer on the Fatigue Life of Ti6Al4V Processed by Electric Discharge Machining

Eakambaram A., Xavior M. A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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Vol. 64, iss. 4

1541--1548

EN

In this research work, Ti6Al4V alloy material was subjected to electric discharge machining (EDM) and its fatigue life was investigated at low cycle fatigue mode. In order to evaluate the influence of recast layer generated during the machining process on the fatigue life, samples prepared using end milling process were also subjected to similar tests and a comparative analysisis presented. Data were observed in the fully reversed fatigue mode at room temperature using samples fabricated as per ASTM standard E606. The specimen were machined on a spark electric discharge die sink machine which were subjected to fatigue, and the recorded fatigue lives were compared with the fatigue life of end milled specimen. The machined surfaces were examined through optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the roughness was measured with a standard profilometer. It was observed that when the discharge current is augmented, the recast layer formed was in the range of 20 to 70 μm thick. From the results, it is being concluded that fatigue life of the samples fabricated by EDM is less for various load conditions when compared with that of the end milled sample. The milled sample at 160 MPa load exhibited 2.71×105 cycles, which is 64% more when compared to EDM sample.

14

Utlenianie anodowe biostopu Ti6Al4V w aspekcie jego zastosowań w implantacji

Chorzelska M., Jażdżewska M.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

|

2018

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Vol. 7, nr 5

317--319

PL

Stop tytanu z aluminium i wanadem jest jednym z najczęściej używanych stopów tytanu w implantologii. Ti6Al4V charakteryzuje się dobrymi właściwościami i jest względnie tani. Na stopie wytworzono warstwy metodą anodowania, przy zastosowaniu trzech różnych elektrolitów i różnych parametrów procesu. Na wszystkich próbkach otrzymano nanorurki.

EN

Titanium alloy with aluminum and vanadium is one of the most commonly used titanium alloy in implantology. Ti6Al4V has good properties and is relatively cheap. Oxide layers on the alloy were made by anodising process using three different electrolytes and different process parameters. Nanotubes were obtained on all samples.

15

Can titanium anodization lead to the formation of antimicrobial surfaces?

Jastrzębska A., Jastrzębski K., Jakubowski W.

Acta Innovations

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2018

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no. 26

21--27

EN

In recent years, there has been observed a growing need for novel, multifunctional materials that would not only replace, but also heal the damaged tissues. In this paper, the titanium dioxide films manufactured by anodic oxidation method are investigated. The study of their structurization and antimicrobial properties of the coatings is presented. Samples anodized in water solutions of ethylene glycol exhibited various character -from structurized to porous ones. As the study revealed, all samples acted anti-adhesive in terms of bacterial (Escherichia coli) and fungal (Candida albicans) surface colonisation.

16

Fabrication and characterisation of porous coatings obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Rokosz K., Hryniewicz T., Raaen S., Malorny W.

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 1, No 1

23--30

EN

In the paper, characteristics of porous coatings enriched in copper on pure Titanium and its alloys (NiTi, Ti6Al4V, TNZ, Ti2448) as well as on niobium obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) in electrolyte containing H3PO4 within Cu(NO3)2, are presented. All obtained surfaces of PEO coatings have different shapes and diameters of pores. The binding energies of main peaks for titanium Ti2p3/2, niobium Nb3d5/2, zirconium Zr3d5/2, phosphorus (P2p) and oxygen (O1s) suggest the presence of titanium Ti4+, niobium Nb5+ and zirconium Zrx+ (x≤2) as well as PO4 3–.

17

Metaloznawcze aspekty procesu ciągnienia stopu Ti6Al4V

Krawczyk J., Paćko M., Śleboda T., Zięć M., Skóra M., Dybich J.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2017

|

Vol. 84, nr 1

34--40

PL

Wykonano proces ciągnienia stopu Ti6Al4V z prędkościami 20 mm/s oraz 50 mm/s. Wykonano ciąg z ø 7,30 mm na ø 7,08 mm (ε = 5,94%). Uzyskano pozytywny efekt w postaci wyrobu końcowego przydatnego do kształtowania elementów złącznych. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zmiany w mikrostrukturze ciągnionych prętów. Wykazano wpływ procesu ciągnienia na zmiany w udziale składników strukturalnych zarówno w warstwie przypowierzchniowej, jak i w rdzeniu ciągnionego pręta. Po procesie ciągnienia wzrostowi uległ udział pierwotnej (sferoidalnej) fazy α. Wpłynęło to na zmianę własności mechanicznych pręta. Wzrosły własności wytrzymałościowe kosztem własności plastycznych. Odwróceniu uległ również rozkład twardości na przekroju pręta.

EN

This paper presents the results of the research on Ti6Al4V alloy drawing. Drawing tests were performed with drawing speed of 20 mm/s and 50 mm/s. Rods with a diameter of 7.3 mm were drawn into rods with a diameter of 7.08 mm (cross-sectional area reduction of 5.94%). Good quality semi-finished product, suitable for forming fasteners, was obtained. The changes in the microstructure of drawn rods were examined and discussed. The influence of drawing on changes in content of microstructural constituents in both surface layer and in the core of drawn rod was also discussed. An increase in primary (spheroidal) α phase content was observed in the investigated rods after drawing, what influenced their mechanical properties. Drop in ductility and increase in strength of rods was noticed. Hardness distribution on rod cross-section reversed too.

18

Comparison of structure and mechanical properties of implants produced by injection method

Łukaszewicz A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2017

|

Vol. 86, nr 1

32--40

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the possibility to improve the mechanical properties of dental implants produced of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and possibility to use a new method to production those implants. The aim of the study was a comparison of properties of the feed materials, produced and commercial implants made of Ti6Al4V. Design/methodology/approach: The innovative injection methods was used. The comparison of microstructures and microhardness were carried out. Findings: It was shown that the use of new injection methods in the dental implant producing process effects on their structure and thus their mechanical properties. It has been observed that implants manufactured in comparison to commercial implants have a varied structure which is changing from the surface of the implant to its core. These changes are associated with a producing method that ensures very rapid heat dissipation from the surface of the manufacturing element. Research limitations/implications: During the production of the implants, problems have been encountered with keeping the alloy clean may occur. Practical implications: Injection method can be used as a method for commercial production of dental implants. Originality/value: The paper presents the results of microstructure and mechanical properties of dental implants – produced by new injection method.

19

Comparison of selected properties of surface layer of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy after injection casting with and without suction

Szota M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 87, nr 2

49--55

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the comparison of selected properties of surface layer between samples produced from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy by using injection casting with two options: injection with suction, injection without suction. Design/methodology/approach: Produced elements have been made of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. The aim of the study was to compare selected properties of the surface layer of produced elements. The paper compares microstructure, microhardness and surface geometry after injection casting with and without suction. Additionally, all mentioned studies were carried out for input material. Findings: Research has shown that the use of innovative injection methods with and without suction for production of elements from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy affects on their structure and thus examined properties. It was observed that the elements produced by injection casting method have higher hardness values and lower development of surface,where sample produced by injection casting with suction has higher value of hardness and lower development of surface than sample produced by injection casting without suction. During the observation, a sample with suction has higher amount of a phase in cross-section surface layer than a sample without suction what can be caused because of the higher speed of heat transfer from produced element to the internal surface of the copper mould. Research limitations/implications: There can be a problem to make final elements with a more developed surface. Practical implications: Injection casting with suction can be used to produce small elements with different geometry from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Originality/value: The paper presents the possibility to improve selected properties of element surface produced by injection casting with suction and without suction.

20

Kształtowanie właściwości warstw wierzchnich na podłożu ze stopu tytanu za pomocą obróbki laserowej

Lisiecki A.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

|

2016

|

nr 1-2

80--87

PL

W artykule opisano wyniki badań procesu azotowania laserowego gazowego warstw wierzchnich stopu tytanu Ti6Al4V za pomocą lasera diodowego dużej mocy o emisji bezpośredniej (HPDDL), emitującego promieniowanie w zakresie bliskiej podczerwieni o długości fali 808 nm, prostokątnym kształcie ogniska wiązki laserowej i równomiernym, wielomodowym rozkładzie energii TEM na przekroju ogniska oraz za pomocą lasera dyskowego o kołowym kształcie wiązki laserowej i rozkładzie energii zbliżonym do jednomodowego gaussowskiego. Wykazano, że zastosowanie lasera HPDDL w procesie azotowania stopu tytanu jest korzystne i umożliwia wytworzenie warstw wierzchnich o wysokiej jakości i kształtowanie właściwości tych warstw w szerokim zakresie.

EN

The article describes the results of studies on the process of laser gas nitriding of surface layers on the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V conducted by means of continuous wave high power direct diode laser (HPDDL), which emits in the near infrared band at the wave length of 808 nm, with a rectangular shape of the laser beam, and uniform, multimode TEM energy distribution across the laser beam, and also by means of disk laser having a circular laser beam with almost single mode Gaussian energy distribution across the beam spot. It was shown that application of the HPDDL laser in the process of laser gas nitriding of titanium alloy is advantageous and allows for the production of surface layers with high quality and allows for shaping the properties of the layers in a wide range.