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1

Fall from height accidents in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia

Mahmoud Abubakar Sadiq, Sanni-Anibire Muizz, Alsafwani Ahmed

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 2

101--110

EN

Falls from height (FFH) are considered the most dangerous accident in the global construction industry, especially in emerging economies like Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the causative factors responsible for FFH accidents in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The approach used by the study entailed a review of the extant literature to identify the main causes of FFH accidents. The identified causes were used to develop a questionnaire survey, which was administered to construction professionals in Saudi Arabia. Useable feedback from ninety-one responses was obtained and consequently analysed using the Relative Agreement Index (RAI). The results revealed that the top three causes include “lack of training”, “no safety inspection”, and “no safety meeting and seminar between stakeholders”. The causes were also categorized into three groups including “unsafe acts”, “unsafe conditions”, “communication barriers”, and “management commitment”, where “unsafe acts” was the most influential category. The significance of this study is its potential to help control the occurrence of FFH in the construction industry through the adoption of relevant controls, safety training, and risk-based decision-making in the planning and execution of construction works.

2

Contemporary residential areasas an example of tradition-led urban designin Islamic Cities. Case study of Jazan in Saudi Arabia

Khamui Abdelmuniem, Kaźmierczak Bartosz, Pazder Dominika

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2022

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nr 38

13--22

EN

This article focuses on how modern housing environment is shaped via the specifics of construction in extremely challenging weather conditions in the cities of Saudi Arabia. With the overall goal that modern housing must be eco- and human-friendly in mind, the authors have attempted to identify the characteristic features of the Islamic cities and traditional local methods of construction. The article presents typical solutions of local architecture and urban plans, expecting that they might render significant guidelines for the spatial organisation of modern cities. A case study of Jazan city and its neighbourhood has been intended to analyse not only the spatial design of the city but also a recently worked out Masterplan. Both the architecture and the urban planning of Jazan city might serve as a good example of modern interpretation of heritage that underlies high quality housing environment.

3

Assessment of Environmental and Economic Impacts of Municipal Solid Wastes Management System: A Case Study

Mosbah Ezzeddine B., Alsanad Mohammed A., Sassine Youssef N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

137--145

EN

In pursuance of the Saudi vision 2030, the Al-Hasa municipality has been allocating a total of US$ 60.1 million since 2018 to the implementation of a modern Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) management system. In addition to the improved old components, the system involves six new-engineered cells, five of which will be gradually implemented in progresses, two waste sort-out lines station, and LFG energy recovery. The present research aimed at investigating the environmental and economic impacts of this MSW management system. For this purpose, the authors applied the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Life Cycle Costs Analysis (LCCA) approaches. The main results showed that the air quality was not affected. For instance, gas emission, like carbon monoxide, was less than 0.1 ppm. However, soil and groundwater were contaminated due to leachate infiltration from the uncontrolled cell in which Chloride, Nitrate, and Sulfate exceeded the maximum limits. As for noise, it was found to be high near the sorting-out station at 71.1 Leq dBA. In terms of the financial aspect, the improved MSW management was relatively feasible despite its high costs over its revenues. Thus, the negative cash-flow could be supplemented by setting household taxes at US$ 29 per capita per year, which makes the project cost-effective. Thus, the research recommends continuing the MSW management project.

4

Weather-based maize yield forecast in Saudi Arabia using statistical analysis and machine learning

Jayagopal Prabhu, Muthukumaran Venkatesan, Koti Manjula Sanjay, Kumar Sampath Satheesh, Rajendran Sukumar, Mathivanan Sandeep Kumar

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 6

2901--2916

EN

Crop yield is completely vulnerable to extreme weather events. Growing research investigation to establish climate change, implications in the sectors are influencing the connection. Forecasting maize output with some lead time can help producers to prepare for requirement and, in many cases, limited human resources, as well as support in strategic business decisions. The major purpose is to illustrate the relationship between various climatic characteristics and maize production, as well as to predict forecasts using ARIMA and machine learning approaches. When compared to ARIMA, the proposed method performs better in forecasting maize yields. Consequently, the neural network provides the majority of the prospective talents for forecasting maize production. Seasonal growth is susceptible of forecasting crop yields with tolerable competencies, and efforts are essential to quantify the proposed methodology that forecasts overall crop yield in diverse neighbourhoods in Saudi Arabia’s regions. The proposed combined ARIMA-LSTM model requires less training, with parameter adjustment having less effect on data prediction without bias. To monitor progress, the model may be trained repeatedly using roll back. The correlations between estimated yield and measured yield at irrigation and rain-fed sites were analysed to further validate the robustness of the optimal ARIMA-LSTM method, and the results demonstrated that the proposed model can serve as an effective approach for different types of sampling sites and has better adaptability to inter-annual fluctuations in climate with findings indicating a dependable and viable method for enhancing yield estimates.

5

COVID-19 and the Politics of Russia and Saudi Arabia: Oil Prices and Security

Kozicki Bartosz, Mitkow Szymon, Jaśkiewicz Paweł

Safety & Defense

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2021

|

3

22--31

EN

The aim of the study is an attempt to examine the impact of oil prices on the politics of Russia and Saudi Arabia in terms of economic security. This research covers the period from February 1, 2000 to March 10, 2020. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods to measure the effectiveness of Russia's influence in Saudi Arabia. The research began with a multidimensional comparative analysis and evaluation of data on the price of one barrel of crude oil in the world on a daily basis in the period 2000-2020 in terms of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the politics of Russia and Saudi Arabia. The considered data obtained from the website www.eia.gov was grouped and specified in order to discover the regularities governing them. Then, advanced research tools were used to analyze and evaluate them dynamically in the form of categorized box-plot charts. The conclusion of the research is that low prices of crude oil per barrel over a long period of time may be a reason for the emergence of the global financial crisis. As a result, Russia suffers financial losses. Overcoming the crisis requires signing international agreements which are hampered due to the own interests of the leaders of world economies: the United States, China and Russia.

6

The contribution of mining sector to sustainable development in Saudi Arabia

Zmami Mourad, Ben-Salha Ousama, Almarshad Sultan O., Chekki Houyem

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 2

122--135

EN

The mining sector development is among the priorities of the Saudi Vision 2030. There is currently a lot of interest in the role of the mining sector in Saudi Arabia. This research contributes to this debate by empirically assessing the effects of mining on sustainable development in Saudi Arabia during the period 1980-2018. Unlike many previous studies, the three sustainable development dimensions, namely economic, social, and environmental, are jointly considered. The cointegration analysis, based on the ARDL, GregoryeHansen, and combined cointegration tests, confirms the existence of long-run relationships between mining and all sustainable development dimensions. Furthermore, the findings lend substantial evidence on the importance of the mining sector in enhancing economic and social sustainability in the shortand long-run. There is, however, no evidence of the existence of adverse environmental effects of mining. The long-run effects of mining are robust to a battery of robustness and stability tests. Suitable policy recommendations are subsequently reported.

7

Haramain – kolej dużych prędkości w Arabii Saudyjskiej

Graff Marek

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2020

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R. 27, nr 3-4

37--44

PL

Haramain to jedyna istniejąca linia dużych prędkości w Arabii Saudyjskiej, biegnąca z Mekki do Medyny o długości 453 km, dwóch świętych miejsc islamu. Linia jest odseparowana od sieci kolejowej w Arabii Saudyjskiej, przy czym sieć kolejowa należąca do SRO (ang. Saudi Railways Organization) jest wykorzystywana głównie do przewozu towarów. Jednak jak pokazała już wstępna frekwencja, linia Haramain szybko zdobyła uznanie pasażerów, pomimo powszechnej dostępności w Arabii Saudyjskiej samochodów prywatnych, istniejącej sieci autostrad czyli rozwiniętej komunikacji lotniczej. Saudyjska linia dużej prędkości ma przeznaczenie zupełnie inne niż praktykowane dotychczas w innych krajach – biznesowe czy komercyjne, i powstała w celu obsługi wysokiego ruchu pielgrzymkowego do ośrodka religijnego (Mekki).

EN

Haramain is the only existing high-speed line in Saudi Arabia, operating from Mecca to Medina 453 km long, and connecting two holy sites of Islam. The line is separated from the rail network in Saudi Arabia, and the SRO (Saudi Railways Organization) rail network being used mainly to freight transport. However, as the initial turnout has shown, the Haramain line quickly gained passenger acceptance, despite the widespread availability of private cars in Saudi Arabia, the existing highway network, and developed air transport. The Saudi high-speed line has a completely different destiny than that previously practiced in other countries - business or commercial - and was established to service the high pilgrimage movement to a religious center (Mecca).

8

A case study on perceptions of public transportation in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia

Palmer Peterson Helen, Al Kassim Zulfat

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 2

5--15

EN

The Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is home to almost 5,000,000 people and is a major contributor to Saudi Arabia’s economic strength. The area has experienced population growth of about 3.5% per year and rapid urbanization over the past few decades. With this increase in population has come a significant escalation in automobile traffic, which, in turn, has contributed to poor air quality in the province. Two of the major cities in the area were listed on the World Health Organization’s 2016 top 15 cities with the worst air pollution. Local studies have shown that vehicle traffic is a significant contributor to poor air quality and thus, eventually, climate change. Public transportation could alleviate some of the pollution. Unfortunately, overall past perceptions of public transportation and its negative connotations within the Saudi Arabian cultural setting have discouraged previous attempts to develop public transit services. Currently, KSA is progressing with metro works in the capital city of Riyadh and is considering what services to offer in the Eastern Province. This research involved surveying over 800 Eastern Province residents to determine whether they would use public transportation if it was offered, and what type of service they would expect. The response was positive and provided initial indications that public transportation is needed and would be utilized.

9

Zmierzch arabskiego imperium naftowego

Bednarz Ludwik M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 10

1413--1417

10

The associations of corporate social responsibility and management characteristics with performance in Saudi Arabia

Omer Waddah Kamal Hassan, Aljaaidi Khaled Salmen, Habtoor Omer Saeed

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 21, No. 1

251--264

EN

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships of corporate social responsibility, management characteristics, namely; board size and meetings, and audit characteristics, namely; audit quality and audit report lag with corporate performance among the manufactured companies in Saudi Arabia. A Pooled Ordinary-Least Square OLS regression is utilized to estimate the associations proposed in the hypotheses on 180 firm-years observations (2015-2017) from annual reports. The study finds that corporate social responsibility, board size, board meetings and audit quality are positively associated with corporate performance. Additionally, this study reports an inverse association of the audit report lag with corporate performance. Importantly, the study suggests that regulators, especially Saudi stock exchange, should mandate companies to disclose all relevant information related to corporate social responsibility in a transparent and timely manner, and increase law enforcement to enhance good corporate governance practices. For companies, this study proposes that they should emphasize more on enhancing the role and the disclosure quality of their social responsibility, board of directors and the audit quality issues, as this enhancement may positively influence their performance.

PL

Celem tego badania jest zbadanie związków społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, cech zarządzania, a mianowicie; wielkość zarządu i spotkania oraz cechy audytu, mianowicie; jakość audytu i raport z audytu są opóźnione w stosunku do wyników firm wśród produkowanych firm w Arabii Saudyjskiej. Do oszacowania powiązań zaproponowanych w hipotezach na podstawie 180 rocznych obserwacji (2015-2017) z raportów rocznych wykorzystuje się regresję OLS z puli zwykłych i najmniejszych kwadratów. Badanie pokazuje, że społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu, wielkość zarządu, spotkania zarządu i jakość audytu są pozytywnie powiązane z wynikami firmy. Ponadto w tym badaniu wykazano odwrotny związek opóźnienia w raporcie z audytu z wynikami firmy. Co ważne, badanie sugeruje, że organy regulacyjne, zwłaszcza saudyjska giełda papierów wartościowych, powinny upoważnić firmy do ujawnienia wszystkich istotnych informacji związanych z odpowiedzialnością społeczną przedsiębiorstw w sposób przejrzysty i terminowy oraz zwiększyć egzekwowanie prawa w celu wzmocnienia dobrych praktyk w zakresie ładu korporacyjnego. W przypadku przedsiębiorstw niniejsze badanie sugeruje, że powinni oni położyć większy nacisk na zwiększenie roli i jakości ujawnienia ich odpowiedzialności społecznej, zarządu i kwestii jakości kontroli, ponieważ to ulepszenie może pozytywnie wpłynąć na ich wyniki.

11

Evaluation of the carbon sequestration capacity of arid mangroves along nutrient availability and salinity gradients along the Red Sea coastline of Saudi Arabia

Shaltout Kamal H., Ahmed Mohamed T., Alrumman Sulaiman A., Ahmed Dalia A., Eid Ebrahem M.

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (1)

56--69

EN

In the present work, we assessed the carbon sequestration capacity of mangrove forests (Avicennia marina) in relation to nutrient availability and salinity gradients along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through estimating the sediment bulk density (SBD), sediment organic carbon (SOC) concentration, SOC density, SOC pool, carbon sequestration rate (CSR) and carbon sequestration potential (CSP). The present study was conducted at 3 locations (northern, middle and southern), using 7 sites and 21 stands of mangrove forests (A. marina) along ∼1134 km of the Red Sea coastline of Saudi Arabia (from Duba in the north to Jazan in the south), all of which are in an arid climate. The correlation coefficients between the water characteristics and the first two Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) axes indicated that the separation of the sediment parameters along the first axis were positively influenced by TDS (total dissolved solids) and EC (electric conductivity) and were negatively influenced by total N and total P. On the other hand, the second axis was negatively correlated with total N, total P, EC and TDS. The SOC pools at the northern (10.5 kg C m−2) and southern locations (10.4 kg C m−2) were significantly higher than the SOC pool at the middle location (6.7 kg C m−2). In addition, the average CSR of the northern (5.9 g C m−2 yr−1) and southern locations (6.0 g C m−2 yr−1) were significantly higher than they were in the middle location (5.0 g C m−2 yr−1).

12

Modelowanie informacji budowlanych w technologii BIM – rola modelu parametrycznego

Januszkiewicz Krystyna, Kowalski Karol G.

Architecturae et Artibus

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2020

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Vol. 12, no. 4

18--41

PL

W artykule przedstawiono technologię BIM (ang. Building Information Modeling) na tle historii rozwoju cyfrowych systemów modelowania informacji o budynku, zwracając uwagę na integrację branżową i rolę modelu parametrycznego. Na przykładzie dwóch zrealizowanych obiektów, takich jak Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) w Seulu (2007–2014) projektu Zaha Hadid Architects oraz King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture (ITHRA) w Dhahranie (2006–2017) projektu Snøhetta, objaśniono, jaki wpływ ma strategia opracowywania projektu realizacyjnego w systemach CAD/CAE/CAM na obiektowe modelowanie parametryczne sprzęgnięte z modelowaniem informacji o budynku. Istotne znaczenie mają tu przepływ danych i bezkonfliktowość w procesie wprowadzania zmian w modelach roboczych. Obecnie technologia BIM jest jedną z bardziej obiecujących technologii cyfrowych i wciąż jest udoskonalana na podstawie doświadczeń projektantów i wykonawców.

EN

BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology is presented against the background of the history of development of digital building information modeling systems, paying attention to industry integration and the role of the parametric model. Using the example of two completed objects such as the Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) in Seoul (2007–2014) by Zaha Hadid Architects and the King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture (ITHRA) in Dhahran (2006–2017) by Snøhetta, it is explained how the CAD/CAE/CAM implementation design strategy has an impact on parametric object-based modeling coupled with building information modeling. The data flow and the non-conflicting nature of the process of introducing changes to the working models are important here. Today, BIM technology is one of the most promising digital technologies and is still being improved based on the experience of designers and contractors.

13

A novel model of adoption of m-commerce in Saudi Arabia

AlQahtani Yahya, Beloff Natalia, White Martin

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 22

25--34

EN

The market of Saudi Arabia offers considerable potential for the success of mobile commerce (m-commerce) technology. In this context, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence the intentions of Saudi citizens and firms to use m-commerce technology. This study paper advances the literature by proposing a novel model to investigate the motivations behind adopting m-commerce in Saudi Arabia. The model defines factors that influence both customer and provider intentions of adopting m-commerce. The paper also outlines the methodology to be followed to evaluate the proposed model.

14

Metro w Rijadzie

Graff Marek

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

|

2019

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R. 26, nr 3

40--44

PL

Metro w Rijadzie, stolicy Arabii Saudyjskiej, będzie kolejnym systemem metra w krajach naftowych leżących nad Zatoką Perską. Na budowę linii oraz zakup taboru przeznaczono 23 mld USD, decydując się na pozyskanie pociągów kolei podziemnej od Alstomu, Bombardiera i Siemensa. Jednym z powodów budowy metra jest szybko rosnąca liczba mieszkańców Rijadu (obecnie 6,5 mln) oraz wyczerpywanie się przepustowości arterii miejskich. System kolei podziemnej docelowo będzie składać się z 6 linii o całkowitej długości ok. 177 km. Utworzono międzynarodowe konsorcja złożone z renomowanych firm pod przewodnictwem podmiotów saudyjskich, które otrzymały kontrakty na kompleksowe zaprojektowanie, zbudowanie i wyposażenie sieci metra w Rijadzie oraz późniejszy nadzór. Polskim akcentem jest zaprojektowanie i wyprodukowanie pociągów metra z rodziny Metropolis w dywizji koncernu Alstom – zakładzie w Chorzowie.

EN

Metro in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, is the next underground system in the oil-countries on the Persian Gulf. 23 bln USD was allocated for the lines construction and purchase of rolling stock, deciding to obtain trains for the underground railways from three worldleading manufacturers: Alstom, Bombardier and Siemens. The reason of the decision for metro construction is that this city has growing rapidly population (currently 6.5 million) and depletion of city artery capacity. The underground railway system will ultimately consist of 6 lines with a total length of approx. 177 km. It was established international consortia with renowned companies under Saudi leadership, which received contracts for comprehensive projecting, construction and equipment of the Riyadh metro network and subsequent supervision. The Polish accent are trains from the Metropolis family which are projected and manufactured in the Alstom Group division – the plant in Chorzów.

15

Diversity strategies : managerial problems of practices and perceptions in private organizations

Abaker Mohamed Osman Shereif Mahdi, Al-Titi Omar Ahmed Khalid

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2019

|

Vol. 20, No. 2

9--23

EN

This article aims to explore the differences in the practices and perceptions of the diversity strategies in Saudi private organizations. It draws on quantitative analysis and data were collected through a convenient sampling method. The findings suggest that Saudi organizations pay great attention to preventing harassment, encouraging ethical behavior, and creating a diverse working environment, while the tested hypotheses confirmed that the diversity strategies practiced are significantly different from what they must practice. The sample organizations did not practice strategies such as providing work and family benefits, preventing unfair discrimination, creating a transparent working environment, providing training and development opportunities, supporting social events, or respecting employee opinion. The findings indicate that Saudi organizations must adopt strategies based on employees’ perceptions.

PL

Celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie różnic w praktykach i postrzeganiu strategii różnorodności w saudyjskich organizacjach prywatnych. Badanie to opiera się na analizie ilościowej, a dane zebrano za pomocą wygodnej metody pobierania próbek. Sugeruje się, że organizacje saudyjskie przywiązują dużą wagę do zapobiegania molestowaniu, zachęcania do etycznych zachowań i tworzenia zróżnicowanego środowiska pracy, podczas gdy przetestowane hipotezy potwierdziły, że stosowane strategie różnorodności znacznie różnią się od tego, co jest praktykowane. Przykładowe organizacje nie stosowały strategii takich jak zapewnianie świadczeń pracowniczych i rodzinnych, zapobieganie nieuczciwej dyskryminacji, tworzeniu przejrzystego środowiska pracy, zapewniania możliwości szkolenia i rozwoju, wspierania imprez towarzyskich lub szanowanie opinii pracowników. Ustalenia wskazują, że organizacje saudyjskie muszą przyjąć strategie oparte na postrzeganiu pracowników.

16

The Paleozoic formations of the Al-Qassim Province in Saudi Arabia as potential sites for geotourism

Kaminski Michael A., Garrison Thomas F., Yoder Carl E.

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2019

|

nr 3-4 (58-59)

3--15

EN

The Paleozoic formations in the Middle East contain some of the world’s richest petroleum deposits, as they include excellent source and reservoir rocks. The Paleozoic rocks were deposited on the northern continental shelf of the Gondwanan continent at relatively high latitudes, and provide evidence of the Late Ordovician glacial event and associated sea-level changes. They also contain unique fossil remains. The Paleozoic formations exposed in the Al-Qassim Province in Saudi Arabia are well-suited to become important sites for geotourism. Because the sedimentary formations are well-exposed and are easily accessible, they have strong capacity for development as tourist destinations. In this paper, we describe eight localities and their significance as potential educational sites for geology and palaeontology, as well as the archeological and economic significance of the Paleozoic formations of Saudi Arabia. The cultural and tourist infrastructure is summarised and a two-day field excursion is proposed.

PL

Utwory paleozoiku na Bliskim Wschodzie reprezentowane są zarówno przez skały macierzyste, jak i zbiornikowe, dlatego zawierają bogate złoża ropy naftowej. Zostały one zdeponowane na kontynentalnym szelfie Gondwany w chłodnym klimacie i wykazują ślady warunków glacjalnych i zmian poziomu morza związanych z glacjacją. Występują w nich także unikalne skamieniałości. Formacje paleozoiku w prowincji Al-Qassim w Arabii Saudyjskiej mają duży potencjał dla geoturystyki. Ponieważ są one łatwo dostępne i dobrze odsłonięte, mogą służyć jako ciekawe atrakcje turystyczne. W niniejszej pracy opisano osiem obiektów geoturystycznych, przedstawiając ich geologiczną (w tym paleontologiczną) charakterystykę wraz z ekonomicznym znaczeniem badanych formacji. Proponując dwudniową wycieczkę terenową po utworach paleozoiku, wskazano także dwa obiekty archeologiczne. Omówiono również infrastrukturę kulturalną i turystyczną.

17

Meiobenthic assemblage of the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea with emphasis on free-living nematodes

Al-Sofyani A., El-Sherbiny M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2018

|

Vol. 47, No. 4

359--375

EN

Spatial variability in the population density of meiofauna and the assemblage of free-living marine nematodes was studied at 20 mangrove sites located along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea. The total abundance of meiofauna varied between the locations and ranged from 119 to 1380 ind. 10 cm-2. A total of seven main taxa were recorded. Nematodes dominated (64.3%) in all sediment samples. They were followed by harpacticoid copepods (13.2%) and polychaetes (12.9%) with significant differences in their density between the locations surveyed (p < 0.001). The Pearson correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between the sand fraction and nematodes, harpacticoid copepods and turbellarians. Twenty-five genera of free-living nematodes belonging to 15 families were recorded in the study area. Microlaimidae were the most abundant family, while Xyalidae, Desomodridae and Chromidoridae were the most diverse families. Microlaimus, Halalaimus and Terschellingia were the most frequent genera. ANOSIM values obtained for the distribution of different nematode genera in various habitats showed no significant differences. Feeding types of different nematode genera were also documented and the epistrate feeders along with the deposit feeders were found to be the common feeding types in the present study.

18

Critical factors in organisational effectiveness: The case of Saudi Arabian seaports

Alghaffari S., Nguyen H.-O., Chen P. S.-L.

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2018

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Vol. 3, No. 2

49--65

EN

Seaport management environment has continually changed over the last few decades due to increasing external pressure for seaports to be more competitive, active, dynamic and growing sustainably. These changes have created the need to manage organisational effectiveness in order to monitor port performance and achieve organisational objectives. While organisational effectiveness has been well known in organisational management and important in port management, its application to the seaport sector is limited. This paper presents exploratory research into critical factors of Saudi Arabian seaports’ organisational effectiveness. A Delphi method was applied. Data were collected from a two-round survey of the Saudi Arabian seaports, and interviews of 43 senior staff from Saudi Arabian seaports. A mixed method combining quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted. A total of thirty-one (31) factors from six different dimensions, namely human resource management, customer service, finance, operation, marketing, research & development, were identified to be influential to OE. The gathered data are no doubt important to seaports because only limited research has been conducted on the application of the organisational effectiveness concept to the seaport sector. Findings of this research regarding selecting and evaluating the most influential factors of OE are relevant to decision makers in managing seaport organisations.

19

Health and safety perception of construction workers in Saudi Arabia

Sanni-Anibire M. O., Mahmoud A. S., Hassanain M. A., Almutairi F.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2018

|

Vol. 11, no. 3

107--118

EN

Construction is a high-risk industry due to the high rates of accidents/fatalities recorded annually in various countries. Health and safety (HS) is a major concern of the construction industry. More so, for developing countries where HS cultures are yet to become fully established. In such situations, the perception of construction workers is a viable approach to assess the performance of HS. This study investigated the HS conditions in Saudi Arabian construction sites from the perspective of construction labor. The study employed a questionnaire comprised of 50 issues related to safety and health from an employee’s perspective, on a 1-5 Likert scale of agreement. Responses were obtained from 196 construction workers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Results from the study showed that the crucial issues identified include: lack of communication between front-line supervisors and construction labor, less priority for safety compared to productivity; lack of employee-engagement in developing safety policies; poor morale and lack of motivation amongst workers; and un-tested emergency response procedures. Thus, the study suggests that addressing such issues will allow for improved safety performance in the Saudi Arabian construction industry.

20

North and south Yemen as a theatre of a proxy war during the cold war

Bryjka F.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

|

2016

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Nr 2

19--34

EN

The geopolitical location of Yemen makes the country an area that has always drawn the attention of external actors interested in expanding their influences in the Arabian Peninsula. During the period of the Cold War, the territory of today's Yemen was a theater of geopolitical rivalry, where the interests clashed between both superpowers and regional actors. During the conflict in North and South Yemen, external entities played an important role as they drove the dynamics of these conflicts counting on achieving their own strategic objectives. The purpose of this article is to seek answers to the questions: who, how and why was engaged in armed conflicts in the territory of North and South Yemen during the Cold War era, and what long-term consequences of this commitment can be observed today?