Sapindus saponins are potential biosurfactants that can widely be used to replace many chemical cleaning products. This study aimed to investigate the water extraction of saponins from the pericarps of Sapindus mukorossi and enhance the sensory properties of the extract by yeast fermentation. Extraction conditions including temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, and number of extraction times were studied. A yield of 21.4% was obtained by 2 h of extraction at 80 °C with a solid-to-liquid of 1/6 (w/v) and two times. Fermentation was used to purify the Sapindus extract, inoculum amount and fermentation time were optimized. The fermentation by S. cerevisiae (2%) within 4 days significantly improved the color and smell of aqueous extract, turbidity decreased by 75.6%, total sugar content decreased by nearly 50% and saponins content slightly decreased. These results could contribute to the development of industrial–scale production of Sapindus saponins.
The effect of a static magnetic field (MF) of 7 mT with phenol (P) or p-chlorophenol (p-chP) concentrations of 100 mg∙dm-3 on the proliferation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast was investigated. The abundance of the microorganism was determined under static culture conditions on a YPG medium with or without the addition of P or p-chP and exposed or unexposed to the MF over 48 h of the experiment. A static MF of 7 mT was shown to have a stimulating effect on S. cerevisiae cell proliferation after 24 h. It was proved that P and p-chP were used as an additional carbon source by yeasts. The greatest stimulation of the growth of the studied microorganisms was observed under the simultaneous effect of an MF and in presence of either P or p-chP. It was generally about 2 times higher at the time of the study than in the control. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using, among other things, analysis of variance (ANOVA). A statistically significant difference in the growth of the tested microorganisms was observed. The study results indicate the possibility of applying an MF of 7 mT to enhance the process of phenol and p-chlorophenol removal from industrial wastewater.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the treatment of rice parboiling effluent (PE) and biomass production. PE was inoculated with S. cerevisiae at 1.2×104 CFU mL-1 and cultured in shaker at 28 °C and 180 rpm for 72 h. PE supplied the required nutrients for S. cerevisiae growth, reaching a biomass of ± 8.2 g·L−1, cell viability of ± 2×1011 CFU mL−1 and removals of 74%, 56% and 17% for total Kjedahl nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and phosphorus, respectively. The versatile of S. cerevisiae supported the direct and non-supplemented cultivation in PE, resulting in high removals of nutrient and biomass production and represent an alternative method to reduce the environmental impact of rice industry and an alternative process to obtain marketable yeast biomass.
Adsorption is considered the most efficient and simple method that requires low costs. In this study, firstly, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used to adsorption the Remazol Red RB dyes to analyze the efficiency of yeast as an adsorbent of textile dyes as well as determine the particle size, pH, and optimum contact time. Testing of the particle size parameters was done with variations of 100, 170, and 200 mesh size. The optimum conditio was obtained in the particle size variation amounting to 200 mesh size with efficiency %E of 56.49%. Subsequent testing was conducted with variations in pH (5.6, 7, 8, and 9). The optimum condition was obtained at pH 6 with efficiency %E of 60.35%. The dyestuffs were conquerable with variations in time of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours, the largest %E gained was 90.01% throughout 4 hours. Secondly, the research also aimed at identifying the isotherm adsorption pattern. Adsorption in Remazol Red RB dyes fulfilled the isotherm pattern of Langmuir with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9521 and the maximum capacity of the yeast adsorption of 0.07 mg/g. Further research is expected to expand the analysis variation and the type of textile dyes used which can be applied to the actual textile dyes waste.
5
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, waste biomass originated from beer fermentation industry, was used to remove metal ions from four copper-containing synthetic effluents: Cu-Fe, Cu-Fe-Ni, Cu-Fe-Zn, and Cu-Fe-Ni-Zn. The characterization of the biomass surface was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for copper, iron, nickel and zinc ions in aqueous solution was studied as a function of pH, initial copper concentration, equilibrium time, and temperature. Langmiur, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich equilibrium models have been assessed to describe the experimental sorption equilibrium profile, while pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and the intra-particle diffusion models were applied to describe experimental kinetics data. Maximum sorption capacities have been calculated by means of Langmuir equilibrium model and mean free sorption energies through the Dubinin-Radushkevich model. Thermodynamic analysis results showed that the adsorption of copper, iron and zinc was spontaneous and endothermic in nature, while of nickel exothermic. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be successfully applied for complex wastewater treatment.
6
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
This article presents the results of numerical research on the dumping of oscillatory phenomena occurring in the continuous bioethanol production process. Proportional and proportional-integral types of controllers were tested for this purpose. Numerical analysis showed that the appropriate selection of the Kc value makes it possible to suppress the oscillations in the system. The introduction of the integral term improves the performance of control system. Using numerical calculations, it was shown that the PI controller is effective at dumping the occurring oscillations. The presence of the integral term allows the reduction of the gain coefficient value. After the proper selection of parameters, the PI controller effectively supresses the oscillations present in the system.
PL
W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań numerycznych, dotyczących tłumienia zjawisk oscylacyjnych występujących w procesie produkcji bioetanolu metodą ciągłą. Przebadano w tym celu regulator typu proporcjonalnego oraz proporcjonalno-całkującego. Analiza numeryczna wykazała, iż odpowiedni dobór wartości współczynnika wzmocnienia Kc umożliwia tłumienie zjawisk oscylacyjnych w układzie. Wykazano także, iż wprowadzenie członu całkującego poprawia jego działanie. Za pomocą obliczeń symulacyjnych wykazano, że regulator proporcjonalno-całkujący dobrze radzi sobie z tłumieniem występujących oscylacji. Obecność członu całkującego pozwala na zredukowanie wartości współczynnika wzmocnienia. Po odpowiednim doborze parametrów, regulator PI skutecznie tłumi obecne w układzie oscylacje.
7
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
This paper presents the results of studies showing the biocidal properties of selected microorganisms: Lactobacillus brevis bacteria, yeast fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fungal Aspergillus niger metabolites against white fungus Trametes versicolor . It was found that both of the studied microorganisms and the metabolites synthesized by them show properties that inhibit fungal growth on the surface of pine wood samples.
In this study, UV-C light was tested as an alternative method to inactivate microorganisms in the must of ‘Regent’ red grape cultivar. The control sample containing the microorganism diluted in a physiological NaCl solution was prepared to take into consideration different conditions of liquids, such as turbidity and colour. Additionally, the changes in the composition of polyphenol compounds in the ‘Regent’ must after UV-C exposure were evaluated. The viability of yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (Oenococcus oeni) significantly decreased with time; however, the highest decline was noted after the first hour of exposure. The polyphenol compound content was significantly lower after UV-C treatment and this was mainly the result of anthocyanin decomposition. The total content of flavan-3-ols and hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives increased after irradiation.
The iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters are the most ancient co-factors of proteins involved in the most essential processes in bacterial systems and yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main protein involved in the Fe/S cluster transfer is the Iron sulfur cluster assembly protein 1 (Isu1), which interacts with Jac1 during one of the stages of the Fe/S cluster biogenesis cycle forming a binary complex. In this work, the interaction interface of Isu1 was investigated by selective substitutions of amino-acid residues to understand their role in binding to the Jac1 protein. An initial alanine scan was done to limit the number of possible residues subjected to the replacement and to confirm the previously obtained results. Then, MD simulations using the coarse-grained UNRES force field were run for two selected mutants: L63 V72 F94 and L63 V64 G65 D71. The analysis of the dynamics and interaction patterns of the Isu1-Jac1 complexes confirmed that the investigated residues played an important role in their binding.
Obecnie drożdże Saccharomyces cerevisiae są jednym z najczęściej wykorzystywanych na świecie eukariotycznych organizmów modelowych. Wybór ten związany jest z dużym podobieństwem wielu molekularnych procesów zachodzących w komórkach drożdży do komórek wyższych eukariontów. Zastosowanie modelu drożdżowego znacząco pogłębiło wiedzę w zakresie biologii molekularnej komórek eukariotycznych.
EN
Currently, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the world’s most commonly used eukaryotic model organisms. This choice is related to the high degree of similarity numerous of molecular processes between yeast cells and higher eucaryotes. Use of the yeast model significantly deepened knowledge in the field of molecular biology of eukaryotic cells.
Odpowiedź komórkowa na uszkodzenia DNA jest niezwykle podobna pomiędzy komórkami drożdży oraz wyższymi eukariontami. Drożdże Saccharomyces cerevisiae są użytecznym modelem w badaniach wielu molekularnych mechanizmów, w tym działania nowych chemioterapeutyków. Na modelu drożdżowym możliwe jest prowadzenie bardzo szczegółowych i ciekawych badań nad cyklem komórkowym.
EN
The cellular response to DNA damage is remarkably similar between the yeast cells and higher eukaryotes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a useful model to study many molecular mechanisms and also the mechanism of action of new chemotherapeutic agents. It is possible to carry out on yeast model detailed and interesting research of the cell cycle.
Seeds treatments before sowing (dressing) with e.g. the microorganisms can stimulate their germination, the health of the seedlings and to improve the development of young plants. The search for alternative means and methods to seeds dressing was the purpose of the research. A seed dressing in dry and wet way was evaluated for finding the most effective. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field conditions with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds. Commercial products based on Pythium oligandrum, Trichoderma asperellum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in doses of 10 g/1 kg of seeds were used. Also the product containing a complex of microorganisms (EM Farm) in dose 1 ml/100 ml of water was included. The number of seedlings, health and development of plants according to microbial dressing were evaluated. In glasshouses conditions non positive effect on number of emergence was noted in EM combination It was found that especially S. cerevisiae the most improved development of seedlings in the pots with the soil. Effect of seeds dressing was the most visible in the tests with the soil compared to the tests with perlit. In field conditions we observed a positive effect on the parameters of the development of young plants after the application S. cerevisiae and T. asperelleum comparing to untreated plants and P. oligandrum.
PL
Zabiegi przedsiewne (np zaprawianie) z mikroorganizmami mogą stymulować kiełkowania nasion, polepszać zdrowotność sadzonek i ich rozwój. Poszukiwanie alternatywnych środków i metod do zaprawiania nasion było celem badań. Stosowano zaprawianie nasion na sucho i na mokro. Badania przeprowadzono w warunkach polowych i szklarniowych stosując jęczmień (Hordeum vulgare L.). Wykorzystano produkty handlowe oparte na Pythium oligandrum, Trichoderma asperellum i Saccharomyces cerevisiae w dawce 10 g / 1 kg nasion. Stosowano także produkt zawierający kompleks mikroorganizmów (EM Farm) w dawce 1 ml / 100 ml wody. Oceniana była liczba wschodów oraz rozwój sadzonek. W szklarni nie stwierdzono pozytywnego wpływu na liczbę wschodów stwierdzono zastosowaniu EM. Ponadto, stwierdzono, że S. cerevisiae wpłynął na polepszenie parametrów rozwoju sadzonek w glebie. Wpływ zaprawiania nasion był najbardziej widoczny w testach z glebą w porównaniu do badań z perlitem. W warunkach polowych obserwowano pozytywny wpływ na parametry rozwoju młodych roślin zabiegi z S. cerevisiae i T. asperellum porównując z wynikami z kombinacji, gdzie stosowano P. oligandrum i brak zaprawiania.
13
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Biomasa drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae zawierająca zaadsorbowany chrom(III) została poddana procesowi elucji cytrynianem, szczawianem, winianem i glicynianem sodu oraz glicyną i wodą, wykazujących jako ligandy zróżnicowane powinowactwo w stosunku do Cr(III). Wartości pH procesów elucji wynosiły 3,8-9. Elucję Cr(III) z biomasy drożdżowej opisano jako dyfuzję cząsteczek reagentów do wnętrza komórek biomasy oraz jako reakcję chemiczną przebiegająca pomiędzy jonem Cr(III) skompleksowanym przez białkowe struktury biomasy, a cząsteczkami eluenta. Szybkość wymywania Cr(III) z biomasy zależała od obydwu analizowanych procesów, a kluczowe parametry wpływające na proces elucji obejmowały zdolność kompleksowania, masę cząsteczkową i stężenie eluentu oraz pH roztworu stosowanego w procesie wymywania.
EN
Cr(III)-contg. biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was leached with aqueous solutions of complexing agents of varying affinity to Cr(III). Na citrate, oxalate, tartrate and glycinate, as well as glycine and water were used at pH 3.8-9. Diffusion of the complexing agents into the biomass cells and chem. reaction the biomass-complexed Cr(III) ion and eluent mols was found the main stages of the process. Math. description of the process kinetics was given.
Kadm (Cd) jest jednym z głównych zanieczyszczeń środowiska, co stanowi poważne zagrożenie dla zdrowia ludzi i zwierząt. Do tej pory opisano różne mechanizmy toksycznego działania kadmu - indukcja stresu oksydacyjnego jest jednym z nich. W obecności kadmu wzrasta w komórkach poziom reaktywnych form tlenu, takich jak: anionorodnik ponadtlenkowy, rodnik hydroksylowy czy nadtlenek wodoru. Kadm powoduje także obniżenie statusu tiolowego i zaburzenia w komórkowym systemie antyoksydacyjnym. Celem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie wpływu jonów kadmu na wzrost i przeżywalność drożdży oraz sprawdzenie, czy dodatek antyoksydantów do pożywki uchroni komórki drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae przed toksycznym działaniem kadmu. Zastosowano dwa szczepy drożdży: szczep dziki SP4 i szczep DSCD1-1C (Δsod1 mutant) pozbawiony CuZnSOD. Komórki drożdży hodowano na standardowej pożywce YPG, zawierającej dodatkowo jony kadmu i różne stężenia antyoksydantów (m.in. askorbinian, cysteinę, glutation, DTT, N-acetylocysteinę, Tempo, Tempol i Trolox). Stwierdzono niekorzystne działanie kadmu na oba szczepy drożdży - komórki drożdży pozbawione CuZnSOD wykazują znacznie większą nadwrażliwość (10 μM stężenie jonów kadmu powoduje całkowite zahamowanie ich wzrostu); podczas gdy szczep dziki jest wrażliwy przy wyższych stężeniach kadmu (25-50 μM). Stwierdzono ponadto, że tylko antyoksydanty tiolowe znoszą toksyczne działanie kadmu na komórki drożdży.
EN
Cadmium (Cd) is the main environmental pollutant, which presents a serious threat to the health of people and animals. Up to the present time, different mechanisms of the toxic action of cadmium have been described - induction of oxidative stress is one of them. Exposure to cadmium ions can intensify the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as: superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals or hydrogen peroxide. Cadmium also causes the decrease in thiol status and the disruption of the cellular antioxidant system. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cd2+ on growth and survival rates of yeast cells, and to check whether supplementing media with antioxidants protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells from toxic action of cadmium. Two yeast strains were used: wild-type SP4 and strain DSCD1-1C (Δsod1 mutant) lacking Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase. Yeast cells were grown in standard UPD medium, involving cadmium ions and various concentrations of antioxidants (ascorbate, cysteine, glutathione, dithiotreitol, N-acetylcysteine, Tempo, Tempol and Trolox). The negative effect of cadmium was found in both yeast strains - yeast cells lacking CuZnSOD show much higher sensitivity (cadmium at a concentration of 10 μM causes complete inhibition of their growth); at the same time, wild-type strain is sensitive to cadmium at higher concentrations (25-50 μM). Moreover, it was found, that only thiol antioxidants abolish toxic action of cadmium in yeast cells.
15
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
The paper presents results of a research to determine the impact on selected biological processes in a model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 50 Hz variable frequency magnetic field. The investigations have been performed on testing stand constructed at the Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu przemiennego pola magnetycznego 50 Hz na wybrane procesy biologiczne organizmu modelowego Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Badania przeprowadzono na zaprojektowanym w Instytucie Energoelektryki Politechniki Wrocławskiej stanowisku badawczym.
The aim of the study was to use spent brewer’s yeast biomass (SBY) as a nutrient adjunct of distillery type corn mashes to improve the process of ethanol fermentation by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There were prepared corn mashes with raw material loading at 20% ww. with SBY addition at solids loadings of 0 (control); 0.1; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0% ww. The obtained mashes were inoculated with yeast and subjected to batch fermentation for 72 h. It was observed that supplementation of corn mashes with SBY improved the process of fermentation. The consumption of sugars and production of ethanol by yeast in supplemented mashes was accelerated and the overall ethanol yield was improved by 6.5 to 11% depending on the amount of added SBY. It was also observed that the fermentation could be shortened by 24 h in mashes enriched with SBY.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy przebiegu procesu hodowli drożdży piekarniczych w bioreaktorze airlift. Badano wpływ warunków procesowych na wartości udziału gazu zatrzymanego w cieczy oraz prędkości cyrkulacji płynu w aparacie. Analiza zdjęć mikroskopowych umożliwiła ilościowy opis zmian zachodzących w obrębie populacji komórek mikroorganizmów w czasie trwania procesu. Wyniki badań uzupełniono rezultatami symulacji numerycznych przeprowadzonych z zastosowaniem metody CFD.
EN
Results of analysis of baker’s yeast cultivation process in an airlift bioreactor are presented in the paper. The effect of operational conditions on gas holdup and liquid velocity was studied. The analysis of microscopic images enabled a quantitative description of changes taking place within the microorganisms cell population during the process. Additionally, results of fluid flow CFD simulations were presented.
Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is quite commonly applied as a wholecell biocatalysts in biotransformations – reactions based on enzymatic transformations of chemical compounds. Yeast cells are easy in cultivation and use. They are usually used to catalyze such reactions as bioreduction or hydrolysis. The full sequencing of its genome accompanied with achievements of genetic engineering allowed to design new yeast strains characterized by high conversion yield and reaction selectivity. Genetically modified cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyze biotransformations, which lead to chiral building blocks important in pharmaceutical industry (especially those obtained by reduction of á- and â -oxoesters). „Designer yeast” is a new catalyst for Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. Recombinant yeast lipases have been discussed as useful means in biodiesel production because the microbiological method of producing of this kind of fuel has many advantages. There is a growing interest in application of modified yeast in biotransformation reactions. Modern directions to improve catalytic abilities of baker’s yeast include: the use of surface display technology of enzymes, optimization or increase in availability of cofactor required for bioreduction reactions or gene knock-out, which eliminates the activity of enzymes with conflicting and unwanted stereoselectivities. Commonly used technique is also overexpression of the desired protein or expression of heterologous enzymes in yeast cells.
19
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Yeast are often used as a model organism in studies on non-specific effects of xenobiotics. This paper investigates susceptibility of yeast cells of different strains differing in effectiveness of antioxidant system on commercial preparations Betokson Super 025 SL and Fusilade Forte 150 EC which are used as pesticides, and on phytohormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). The experiment was carried out on a wild strain of yeast and mutant sod1 devoid of cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity, ctt1cta1 with no catalase activity, and also the mutant C4 with a low level of glutathione. Susceptibility of the cells was estimated upon their ability to grow on solid medium that contained the investigated substances. The results suggest that the enzyme superoxide dismutase plays an important role in protection of yeast cells against the effects of active substances in preparations Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Betokson Super 025 SL and IAA.
PL
Drożdże są często wykorzystywane jako organizm modelowy w badaniach nad niespecyficznym oddziaływaniem ksenobiotyków. W przedstawionej pracy badano wrażliwość komórek drożdży szczepów różniących się sprawnością systemu antyoksydacyjnego na handlowe preparaty: Betokson Super 025 SL i Fusilade Forte 150 EC stosowane jako środki ochrony roslin oraz na fitohormon heteroauksynę IAA. Doświadczenia przeprowadzano na szczepie dzikim drożdży, mutancie sod1 pozbawionym aktywności cytoplazmatycznej dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej, mutancie ctt1cta1 pozbawionym całkowicie aktywności katalazowej oraz mutancie C4 o niskim poziomie glutationu. Wrażliwość tych komórek oceniano na podstawie ich zdolności do wzrostu na pożywce stałej zawierającej badane substancje. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że enzym dysmutaza ponadtlenkowa odgrywa ważną rolę w ochronie komórek drożdży przed szkodliwym działaniem substancji czynnych preparatów Fusilade Forte 150 EC i Betokson Super 025 SL oraz fitohormonu IAA.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.