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1

Combustion of LPG/DME gas mixtures in an SI engine with correction of the ignition advance angle

Kubica Grzegorz

Combustion Engines

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2023

|

R. 62, nr 3

147--152

EN

The paper presents the results of tests on a SI engine fueled with an LPG/DME blends of various composition. A number of experimental studies and calculations using a mathematical model were carried out to examine the suitability of this fuel. These tests allowed for the analysis of the changes taking place in the combustion process and the assessment of the main operating parameters of the engine. The engine was powered by an LPG/DME fuel mixture with different proportions of components. The share of DME ranged from 0% to 30% of the fuel mass. The obtained results reflect the operation of the engine in the full load range and selected rotational speeds. Measurement series were made for different settings of the ignition advance angle. Based on the obtained results, a corrected map of the ignition advance angle was developed. The obtained results confirm the usefulness of using the LPG/DME mixture to power the SI engine.

2

The tests of micro-CHP prototype with SI engine powered by LPG and natural gas

Przybyła Grzegorz, Ziółkowski Łukasz, Buczak Mateusz, Żmudka Zbigniew

Combustion Engines

|

2022

|

R. 61, nr 2

47--53

EN

This paper presents the experimental results of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) prototype based on a SI V-twin internal combustion engine driving a synchronous generator. The paper presents the criteria that were used to select the combustion engine and the electrical generator for the prototype. The internal combustion engine has been adapted to be fuelled by natural gas or LPG, with the possibility of controlling the load in two ways, i.e. by changing the throttle position (quantitatively) and/or the value of the excess air ratio by changing the fuel dose at a constant throttle position (qualitatively). The applied method of control allows to improve the efficiency of the engine especially in the range of partial loads. The experimental tests were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. During the tests, the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, the composition of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the exhaust system, the electrical parameters of the synchronous generator and the temperature at selected locations of the CHP system instance were measured. According to the obtained results, there was a slight increase in the efficiency of electricity generation with the application of the developed method of control of the combustion engine. The maximum power generation efficiency for Natural Gas (NG) was higher compared to LPG by more than 2 percentage points. The exhaust gas emission level confirm that the prototype cogeneration system meets the Stage II emission standard (in accordance with Directive 2002/08/EC for small SI engines with a power below 19 kW. D2 ISO 8178).

3

Estimation of the possibility of using a simple thermodynamic model to evaluate the benefits of modifying a real spark ignition engine

Rak Krzysztof, Cyklis Piotr

Journal of Engineering, Energy and Informatics

|

2021

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No. 1

5--17

EN

Improving engine performance is the general goal of all designers of new cars. Nevertheless, there is and will continue to be a significant number of older cars on the market, where modifications can improve their performance in terms of fuel consumption and emissions, but also in terms of driving properties, giving the user fuel economy and greater driving pleasure. However, before starting the modification, it is worth knowing computationally what final effects we can expect. The paper shows that it can be estimated on the basis of simple thermodynamic calculations based on the basic Otto cycle, where the data for the calculations are very limited: they require geometric dimensions as well as pressure and temperature values provided by the selected compressor. The thermodynamic calculations of the cycle in two versions were shown, and the results were verified on a real engine while driving and related to the results of road tests and the chassis dynamometer.

PL

Poprawa parametrów pracy silników jest generalnym celem wszystkich konstruktorów nowych samochodów. Niemniej jednak na rynku istnieje i długo jeszcze będzie istniała znacząca ilość samochodów starszych, gdzie modyfikacje mogą poprawić ich parametry pracy pod względem zużycia paliwa i emisji, ale także własności jezdnych, dając użytkownikowi oszczędność paliwa i większą przyjemność z jazdy. Przed przystąpieniem do modyfikacji warto jednak wiedzieć obliczeniowo, jakich efektów finalnych możemy się spodziewać. W pracy pokazano, że można to estymować na podstawie prostych obliczeń termodynamicznych, opartych na podstawowym obiegu Otto, gdzie dane do obliczeń są bardzo ograniczone: wymagają wymiarów geometrycznych oraz wielkości ciśnienia i temperatury podawanych przez dobraną sprężarkę. Pokazane zostały obliczenia termodynamiczne obiegu w dwóch wersjach, a wyniki zostały sprawdzone na rzeczywistym silniku w czasie jazdy oraz odniesione do wyników badań drogowych i na hamowni podwoziowej.

4

Improving the effective efficiency of a spark ignition engine through the use of a fully independent valve control system

Żmudka Zbigniew, Postrzednik Stefan

Combustion Engines

|

2021

|

R. 60, nr 4

30--35

EN

The article presents theoretical research of the proposed system of fully independent valve control (FIVC) of the SI engine. The analysis included controlling the movement of the intake valves, which results in adjusting the mass of the fresh charge to the current engine load, as well as the movement of the exhaust valves, where the main aim is to keep the rest of the exhaust gas in the cylinder, i.e. implementation of internal EGR. The open theoretical Seiliger-Sabathe cycle with the classic throttle regulation of load is the reference cycle for assessment of benefits and study of the effectiveness of obtaining work as a result of application of the FIVC system. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of application of the proposed system was carried out based on the selected quantities: fuel dose, cycle work, relative work of charge exchange and cycle efficiency. The use of the FIVC to regulate the SI engine load makes it possible to eliminate the throttle and thus reduce the charge exchange work, especially in the partial load range. And this then leads to an increase in internal and effective work, which in turn results in an increase in the effective energy efficiency of an engine operation.

5

An influence of correction of the ignition advance angle on the combustion process in SI engine fuelled by lpg with the addition of DME

Kubica Grzegorz, Marzec Paweł

Journal of KONES

|

2019

|

Vol. 26, No. 4

285--292

EN

The paper presents the results of tests of the SI engine fuelled by LPG with the addition of DME in the form of a mixture of gaseous fuels. Experimental tests were carried out on a chassis dynamometer in the full range of engine loads, at a fixed rotational speed: 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as a fuel component makes it possible to exploit its important advantages. DME can be produced as a renewable fuel, which is important from the point of view of ecology. Another important fact is the presence of oxygen in this fuel, which has a positive effect on the engine volumetric efficiency. During the tests, the ignition timing was also adjusted due to the very good DME flammability. Two additional correction levels were applied, increasing the ignition advance by 3 and 6 CA degrees, compared to the factory settings of the driver. The analysis of the obtained results allowed determining the dependence of the basic engine parameters, in the function of the correction of ignition advance angle. In the summary, attention was also paid to the possibility of determining corrected maps of the ignition advance angle taking into account the variable proportions of fuel components.

6

Wpływ nieszczelności układu wylotowego na emisję spalin turbodoładowanego silnika o zapłonie iskrowym

Hennek K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

|

2018

|

z. 109

87--97

PL

W niniejszej pracy zamieszczono analizę porównawczą wpływu nieszczelności układu wylotowego spalin na wejściu do konwertera katalitycznego na skład spalin na wyjściu z konwertera turbodoładowanego silnika o zapłonie iskrowym. Badania przeprowadzono na jednorolkowej dwuosiowej hamowni podwoziowej MAHA MSR 500. Wykonano serię pomiarów mocy silnika, podczas których symulowano nieszczelność układu wylotowego silnika ZI pojazdu osobowego.

EN

In this dissertation the comparative analysis of the influence of exhaust system leakage in the catalytic converter input on the exhaust gasses composition in the converter output of an turbocharged spark ignition engine is shown. The research was conducted with the use of a single roller MAHA MSR 500 chassis dynamometer. A series of power measurement runs was performed. Under this runs a simulation of the exhaust system leakage of a turbocharged SI passenger car engine was conducted.

7

Vibroacoustic diagnostics of defects of combustion engines valves

Dąbrowski Z., Górnicka D., Zawisza M.

Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance - Problemy Eksploatacji

|

2018

|

no. 4

67--76

EN

The problem of the diagnostics of mechanical defects of combustion engines, especially of exhaust valves damages, occurs in several papers. Authors of these papers apply various inference techniques and limit investigations to the one selected object under specific work conditions. The results of the active diagnostics experiment, in which it was shown that completely different signal processing algorithms allow obtaining reproducible diagnostics symptoms in SI (spark-ignition) and CI (compression-ignition) engines, when the threshold values are properly chosen, are presented in the paper.

PL

W wielu publikacjach pojawia się problem diagnozowania uszkodzeń mechanicznych silników spalinowych, a w szczególności problem diagnozowania uszkodzeń zaworów wylotowych. Autorzy tych prac stosują różne techniki wnioskowania i ograniczają badania wyłącznie do jednego wybranego obiektu w specyficznych warunkach pracy. W artykule opisano rezultaty czynnego eksperymentu diagnostycznego, w którym wykazano, że zupełnie różne algorytmy przetwarzania sygnałów pozwalają na uzyskanie powtarzalnych symptomów diagnostycznych zarówno w przypadku silników ZS, jak i ZI, pod warunkiem właściwego doboru wartości progowych.

8

Torgas condensate combustion in the SI engine

Chwist M., Szwaja S., Grab-Rogaliński K., Poskart A.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 3

33--38

EN

The article presents results from IC engine tests on combustion of alcohol fuel with the addition of torgas condensate. Torgas is a by-product created from the torrefaction of Sida hermaphrodita. It was obtained from torrefaction carried out at a temperature of 400°C. Torgas was condensed in a tubular cooler. The basic fuel was butanol. This fuel was chosen, because regular hydrocarbon based fuels got delaminated while blended with torgas condensate. The condensate dissolves in alcohol therefore the choice was justified. In the mixture, the volume ratio of alcohol to condensate was 4:1. The combustion was carried out in a spark-ignition, single-cylinder engine with a cubic capacity of 650 cm3. The engine was able to vary its compression ratio. The engine worked at full load at maximum open throttle. The engine body was heated to a temperature of 95°C and this temperature was maintained throughout the testing period. The engine was running at 850 rpm. The first stage of the experiment included determination of the optimal ignition angle for butanol as a reference fuel and for a mixture of butanol and torgas condensate. The optimal spark angle was estimated based on the maximum indicated work. Three compression ratios, i.e.: CR=8.8, 10 and 11.2 were used. All tests were performed for a stoichiometric air fuel ratio. The obtained in-cylinder pressure diagrams for the reference fuel and the fuel with the addition of condensate were compared with each other. The rate of pressure increase inside the cylinder was calculated. For all tests, the following exhaust components were measured: CO2, CO and HC.

9

In-cylinder combustion analysis of a SI engine fuelled with hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) : engine performance, efficiency and emissions

Juknelevičius R., Mehra R.K., Ma F., Szwaja S.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 3

253--260

EN

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen addition on spark ignition (SI) engine’s performance, thermal efficiency, and emission using variable composition hydrogen/CNG mixtures. The hydrogen was used in amounts of 0%, 20%, 40% by volume fraction at each engine speed and load. Experimental analysis was performed at engine speed of 1200 rpm, load of 120 Nm corresponding BMEP = 0.24 MPa, spark timing 26 CAD BTDC, and at engine speed of 2000 rpm, load of 350 Nm corresponding BMEP = 0.71 MPa, spark timing 22 CAD BTDC. The investigation results show that increasing amounts of hydrogen volume fraction contribute to shorten ignition delay time and decrease of the combustion duration, that also affect main combustion phase. The combustion duration analysis of mass fraction burned (MFB) was presented in the article. Decrease of CO2 in the exhaust gases was observed with increase of hydrogen amounts to the engine. However, nitrogen oxides (NOX) were found to increase with hydrogen addition if spark timing was not optimized according to hydrogen’s higher burning speed.

10

The possibilities of using DME (BioDME), as an additive to conventional gaseous fuels in SI engine

Flekiewicz M., Kubica G., Marzec P.

Combustion Engines

|

2017

|

R. 56, nr 4

150--155

EN

The results of SI engine fueled with blends of LPG and DME are presented in the paper. The range studies submitted includes measurements at varying engine loads, at selected values of speed. The research was conducted on a chassis dynamometer, specifying the engine load by the degree of throttle opening. Value of the mass fraction of DME in the blend with LPG was determined based on previous analyzes. The selected fuel blends containing from 7 to 17% DME (mass fraction). During the study was also performed a series of comparative measurements with pure LPG. Analyses show that of DME can be used as a partial substitute for LPG in SI engines. Its presence does not a negative impact on performance and emissions of the engine. The obtained results indicate that the amount of addition of DME should be varied depending on the engine load. Moreover, the use of this fuel does not require changes to the design fueling system and storage of LPG.

11

Evaluation of usefulness of mass flow meter to the survey of SI engine cylinder filling in one working cycle

Wołczyński Z.

Combustion Engines

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2017

|

R. 56, nr 2

187--192

EN

The article presents the technique of the usage of mass flow meter to the fill survey of a cylinder in the multi cylinder engine, in each working cycles. The result of correctness of the survey was grounded on the comparison of air masses: the one registered with the usage of the flow meter and the other one calculated on the basis of mixture parameters. The flow meter was located in the consolidated part of suction system in front of the throttle valve. Mixture parameters were determined on the basis of time of fuel injection and measured lzm factor of burnt mixture. The studies were carried out in the whole operating range of engine. Discrepancies between the measured and calculated values for 93% of all of the cycles fall within the ambit of ±3% of the actual value.

12

Correlations of wiebe function parameters for combustion simulation in SI engine fuelled with gaseous fuels

Przybyła G., Postrzednik S., Żmudka Z.

Journal of KONES

|

2016

|

Vol. 23, No. 2

293--300

EN

Combustion simulation in SI engine fuelled with unconventional gaseous fuels becomes more necessary in last years. The reason is because the use of e.g. biogases from anaerobic digester process or gasification of biomass to produce "green energy". From the view of energy balance of small CHP units, the SI engine seems to be most efficient appliance as a part of this unit. Through 1D, simulation of in-cylinder pressure a fast prediction of engine performance is possible. In this case, the Mass Fraction Burn (MFB) function can be used. The MFB reflect the amount of fuel burned throughout the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. SI engine combustion simulation by using a Wiebe function to represent the MFB is very often used in a 1D-engine code that allow for fast calculations and a good accuracy of results. This paper deals with calculations of Wiebe function coefficients based on experimental data of four stroke naturally aspirated SI engine fuelled with natural gas and simulated producer gas. The Wiebe function parameters are determined over a range of fuel compositions and air excess ratio by fitting the Wiebe function curve to the experimentally obtained MFB data from a single-zone Heat Release Rate (HRR) analysis.

13

Ethanol as an automotive fuel – a review

Bielaczyc P., Woodburn J., Gandyk M., Szczotka A.

Combustion Engines

|

2016

|

R. 55, nr 3

39--45

EN

Usage of ethanol as a fuel has been known for hundreds of years. However, recently usage of ethanol and its blends as a road transport fuel has increased and interest in its use is growing. There are a lot of pros and cons connected with using ethanol, which are described in this paper. This paper reviews current knowledge on using ethanol in spark ignition engines. The fuel is described in the context of future opportunities. A significant part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of ethanol and its blends’ impact on regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions, including laboratory results obtained by BOSMAL from chassis dynamometer testing of European vehicles.

14

Wzbogacanie utleniacza w tlen – analiza przypadku silnika ZI

Król Marcin

Archiwum Instytutu Techniki Cieplnej

|

2016

|

Vol. 2

59--85

PL

W ostatnich latach obserwowany jest dynamiczny rozwój tzw. energetyki odnawialnej w tym energetyki wiatrowej. Cechą charakterystyczną tej formy energii jest niestabilność oraz mała przewidywalność warunków pogodowych. Powoduje to intensyfikację prac nad sposobami magazynowania energii. Jedną z możliwości jest produkcja wodoru poprzez elektrolizę wody. Oprócz wodoru, elektroliza wody produkuje znaczące ilości tlenu. Celem tej pracy jest przeanalizowanie efektów, jakie dałoby wzbogacenie utleniacza w tlen, w stacjonarnych silnikach tłokowych o zapłonie iskrowym. Prace naukowe innych autorów, biorące pod uwagę wszystkie rodzaje spalania w silnikach spalinowych, wykazały niejednoznaczność w wynikach. Wspólna płaszczyzna została znaleziona dla: jednostkowej pracy generowanej przez silnik, przyrostów ciśnienia oraz wskaźników emisji. Przy wszystkich założeniach podczas badań wraz ze wzrostem zawartości tlenu: praca jednostkowa, przyrosty ciśnienia oraz wskaźnik emisji NOx zwiększyły swoją wartość. Pozostałe wartości wskaźników emisji szkodliwych substancji CO i HC okazały się niższe niż w spalaniu w normalnej zawartości tlenu. W ramach pracy opracowano model obliczeniowy bazujący na obiegu Otto celem określenia wpływu zawartości tlenu w utleniaczu na parametry termodynamiczne obiegu. Ponadto, wykonano badania eksperymentalne na silniku o zapłonie iskrowym zasilanym gazem ziemnym Gz50. Jako wynik badań otrzymano przebieg ciśnienia w cylindrze podczas jednego cyklu, strumień wykorzystanego paliwa, udziały molowe gazów toksycznych zawartych w spalinach oraz strumień dodatkowego tlenu.

EN

By the growing importance of unstable wind energy, efforts to creating energy storage system should be considered. One of the possibilities to achieving this goal would be the hydrogen production through water electrolysis process. Besides hydrogen water electrolysis produce significant amounts of oxygen. Aim of this work was the examine effect of oxygen enrichment in the SI engine. Previous research taking into account all the ways of combustion in internal combustion engines (SI, CI, and DF) showed ambiguity in the results. Common ground in the results was found with the case of specific work done by cycle, pressure rises and emissions. They have been found that in every conditions, with the increment of oxygen concentration, specific work done by engine grow as well as the pressure and NOx emission. HC and CO emission found to be lower. Change in efficient wasn’t constant. Authors showed that efficiency is very dependent on the test conditions and assumptions. In this work theoretical engine model was created to examine different oxygen concentrations for various gaseous fuels. Through model maximum temperature in cycle, specific work done by cycle and cycle efficiency were analyzed. Besides theoretical analysis experimental research was carried out. Experiment was conducted on the three cylinder SI engine which was originally adapted to work on the gasoline. As a result achieved: pressure course in the cylinder, emissions, oxygen and fuel flow. Nonetheless through them energetic parameters, maximum temperature and combustion model were analyzed.

15

Exhaust emissions from light duty vehicles running on petrol ethanol blends measured under laboratory conditions

Bielaczyc P., Woodburn J., Szczotka A.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

|

2015

|

nr 204

124--139

EN

Ethanol is widely used in petrol-ethanol blends, including in the European Union. Since the fuel type has a great impact on emissions, blends of differing ethanol content can have a great impact on exhaust emissions. This paper presents a variety of data on regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from European vehicles running on various petrol-ethanol blends tested under laboratory conditions at BOSMAL. Some fundamental phenomena are discussed and the reader is directed to sources of further information. Furthermore, some brief comparisons to other studies are made and general comments are made on emissions trends regarding petrol-ethanol blends.

16

Analiza metod pomiarów emisji cząstek stałych w spalinach nowoczesnych samochodów

Bielaczyc P., Szczotka A., Woodburn J.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 3

365--376, CD 1

PL

Reducing emissions of particulate matter in the exhaust gas of modern vehicles has been one of the priorities in the fight against environmental pollution from automotive sources for many years. As a result of technological development and implementation of high pressure fuel injection into the combustion chamber, particles present in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines are of smaller and smaller size, able to penetrate not only the respiratory tract but also the circulatory systems of humans and animals. Such particles are especially dangerous because of the difficulty (or even impossibility) of their removal from living organisms, and the attendant carcinogenic impact. For this reason, it is extremely important to accurately measure particulate emissions in exhaust gas. The current regulations limit the emission of particulate matter specified in terms of mass and number. However, for practical reasons, it is necessary to continuously improve other methods for more accurate measurements of particulate emissions. These methods may include numerical measurement of the size distribution of the particles, as well as various continuous measurements of particle concentration. All of these measurements permit a clear understanding of the work areas of the engine - where the highest emissions are encountered and thus enable the development of a suitable calibration for the engine and exhaust aftertreatment system to minimize particulate emissions. This paper describes current methods of measurement of particulate emissions, both standardized and used only for research and development purposes.

EN

Ograniczenie emisji cząstek stałych w spalinach nowoczesnych samochodów już od wielu lat jest jednym z priorytetów w walce z zanieczyszczeniami środowiska ze źródeł motoryzacyjnych. W wyniku rozwoju technologicznego i wprowadzania wysokociśnieniowego wtrysku paliwa do komory spalania, w spalinach silników spalania wewnętrznego znajdują się cząstki stałe o coraz mniejszych wymiarach, zdolne do przenikania nie tylko do układu oddechowego, ale także do układu krwionośnego ludzi i zwierząt. Jest to szczególnie niebezpieczne z uwagi na trudność (czy wręcz niemożność) usuwania takich cząstek z organizmów żywych, a co za tym idzie kancerogenne oddziaływanie. Z tego powodu niezwykle ważne jest dokładne mierzenie emisji cząstek stałych w spalinach. Obecnie obowiązujące przepisy limitują emisję cząstek stałych określoną masowo i liczbowo. Jednakże ze względów praktycznych konieczne jest ciągłe doskonalenie innych metod pozwalających na dokładniejsze pomiary emisji cząstek stałych. Do metod tych można zaliczyć pomiar liczbowy cząstek stałych z rozkładem wielkości tychże cząstek, jak również wszelkie pomiary ciągłe stężenia cząstek. Wszystkie te pomiary pozwalają na dokładne poznanie obszarów pracy silnika, w których emisja ta jest najwyższa i dzięki temu umożliwiają opracowanie takich kalibracji silnika i układów oczyszczania spalin, aby emisję tą minimalizować. W niniejszym artykule opisano stosowane obecnie metody pomiarów emisji cząstek stałych, zarówno te znormalizowane, jak i wykorzystywane tylko do celów badań badawczo-rozwojowych.

17

Diagnostics of internal combustion diesel engines operated in construction and mining

Magdziak-Tokłowicz M., Miksiewicz K., Reksa M., Magdziak D.

Journal of KONES

|

2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 4

191--199

EN

Mining machinery and equipment belong to the group of special machines working in extreme conditions. Mining machines are used in difficult conditions such as limited supplies of fresh air, heat from the rock, in places with high humidity and heavy dust. In other specifics related to the extraction process is brine, harmful compounds such as sulphur dioxide, or rock debris raining down. The machines are operated in continuous mode, the clock. Working in mining conditions machines are exposed to frequent breakdowns and malfunctions. Identifying of failure diesel engines can be cumbersome in these conditions and time-consuming, leading to longer downtime, thereby reducing operating efficiency and increased cost. Therefore, in the paper was a review and analysis methods for the diagnosis of internal combustion diesel engines used in machines built and used to power machines in underground mining. On the basis of diagnostic testing was performed analysis of cases occurring malfunctions and failures.

18

Możliwości spełnienia norm emisji Euro 6 przez obecnie produkowane europejskie lekkie pojazdy samochodowe zasilane LPG

Bielaczyc P., Szczotka A., Pajdowski P., Woodburn J.

Combustion Engines

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2015

|

R. 54, nr 3

874--880

PL

Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza emisji THC, NMHC, CO, NOx i CO2 podczas testów pojazdu zasilanego paliwem LPG na hamowni podwoziowej w aspekcie spełnienia nowych standardów emisji spalin Euro 6. Próby przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem pojazdu spełniającego limity normy Euro 6, wyposażonego w silnik o zapłonie iskrowym z wielopunktowym wtryskiem paliwa sterowanym ze sprzężeniem zwrotnym na podstawie sygnału z sondy lambda, typowym trójfunkcyjnym reaktorem katalitycznym i podgrzewanym czujnikiem zawartości tlenu w spalinach. Samochód używany w badaniach był dostosowany fabrycznie przez jego producenta do zasilania paliwem gazowym LPG przez użycie dodatkowego osprzętu, oprócz istniejącego systemu zasilania benzyną. Badane samochody wyposażone były w system wielopunktowego wtrysku LPG najnowszej generacji. Badania i analizy przeprowadzono w Zakładzie Badań Silników Instytutu Badań i Rozwoju Motoryzacji BOSMAL w Bielsku-Białej, w ramach programu badań mających na celu określenie wpływu zastosowania paliw alternatywnych na możliwość obniżenia poziomu emisji związków szkodliwych spalin z pojazdów samochodowych z silnikami o zapłonie iskrowym (ZI) i samoczynnym (ZS).

EN

This paper presents an analysis of THC, NMHC, CO, NOx and CO2 emissions during testing of a vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, fuelled with LPG, in the context of the new Euro 6 emissions requirements. The analyses were performed on a Euro 6 bi-fuel vehicle with an SI engine equipped with an MPI feeding system operating in closed-loop control, a typical three-way-catalyst, and a heated oxygen sensor. The vehicle had been adapted by its manufacturer for fuelling with LPG by using additional special equipment mounted onto the existing petrol fuelling system. The vehicle tested featured a multipoint gas injection system. The tests subject to the analyses presented here were performed in the Engine Research Department of BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biala, Poland, within a research programme investigating the influence of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions from light duty vehicle vehicles with spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines.

19

Heavy fuel engines

Dutczak J.

Combustion Engines

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2015

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R. 54, nr 4

34--46

EN

The principle of operation and chosen examples of construction of SI engines designed to be powered with aviation fuel (Heavy Fuel Engines – HFE) have been presented in the article. Contemporary solutions of the HFE combustion system constitute the further development of a patent of an Australian company Orbital working in the field of two-stroke SI engines. Engines of this type, characterized by low weight and low value of specific fuel consumption, are used among others for the propulsion of drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – UAV), where range and endurance are essential parameters. That is also a practical realization of the military logistical concept of using a "single fuel in the battlefield".

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania silników z zapłonem iskrowym i wybrane przykłady konstrukcji tych silników przewidzianych do zasilania paliwem lotniczym na bazie nafty, tzw. HFE (Heavy Fuel Engines). Współczesne rozwiązania systemu spalania HFE stanowią rozwinięcie patentu znanej australijskiej firmy Orbital zajmującej się silnikami dwusuwowymi ZI. Silniki tego typu, charakteryzujące się małą masą i małą wartością jednostkowego zużycia paliwa, stosowane są między innymi do napędu współczesnych dronów, gdzie istotnymi parametrami są zasięg i długotrwałość lotu. System ten wykorzystywany jest również do realizacji wojskowej logistycznej koncepcji stosowania jednego typu paliwa do wszystkich pojazdów.

20

Current status and prospects for the use of low-carbon gaseous fuels in transport

Flekiewicz M., Kubica G.

Combustion Engines

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2015

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R. 54, nr 1

62--72

EN

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the issues related to an improvement of the efficiency of energy conversion in SI engines, fueled by low-carbon gaseous fuels. The research was conducted on an engine fueled with natural gas (CNG) and methane/hydrogen blends. The applied gaseous fuels are characterized by a reduced share of carbon, which enables a reduction of the emission of CO2. The object of the research was a 1.6 dm3, 4-cylinder engine originally fitted in Opel Astra F. The engine was equipped with a CNG injection system. The final analysis includes the influence of the ignition advance angle and fuel composition on the engine performance and exhaust gas composition.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono szczegółową analizę zagadnień związanych z poprawą efektywności konwersji energii w silniku ZI, zasilanym niskowęglowymi paliwami gazowymi. W przeprowadzonych badaniach stanowiskowych silnik zasilano gazem ziemnym (CNG) oraz mieszaninami metanu z wodorem. Wykorzystane mieszaniny metanowo-wodorowe cechuje obniżony udział węgla, co daje możliwość zmniejszenia emisji CO2 jako produktu spalania. Obiektem badań był 4-cylindrowy silnik o pojemności 1,6 dm3, zamontowany fabrycznie w samochodzie Opel Astra F. Jednostkę napędową wyposażono w alternatywną instalację zasilania wtryskowego CNG. W analizie końcowej określono wpływ składu paliwa gazowego na podstawowe wskaźniki pracy silnika i skład emitowanych spalin.