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1

Secular variations of inclination of the geomagnetic field in SE Poland between 1200 and 1800 AD

Nawrocki Jerzy, Standzikowski Karol, Łanczont Maria, Werner Tomasz, Gancarski Jan, Gil Zdzisław

Geochronometria

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2021

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Vol. 48, no.1

95--104

EN

A set of brick samples from 26 historical buildings in SE Poland was taken for archeomagnetic study. As a result of this study, the secular variations of inclination of the geomagnetic field from 1200 to 1800 AD were defined for SE Poland. The course of them is approximately the same as obtained in other parts of Europe. The only remarkable difference is a more rapid and deeper drop of inclination noted in SE Poland at the end of the 18th century. The regional curve of secular variations of inclination for SE Poland differs substantially from the coeval curve defined earlier for N Poland (Gdańsk) in their segments dated at the first half of the 18th century, where a deep minimum of inclination was disclosed in the bricks from N Poland only. The reuse of medieval bricks for the construction of objects giving this minimum or later secondary heating of original bricks can be a reason for the difference observed. Further archeomagnetic studies of the bricks of the last millennium are necessary in SE Poland to eliminate the gaps and uncertainties in the regional curve of secular variations of inclination.

2

Military Training Areas and Vegetation – the Effect of Explosion Craters on Species Diversity along a Moisture Gradient

Krawczyk Rafał, Zubel Robert, Komsta Łukasz

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

194--205

EN

Military training areas, where ecosystems are shaped under a complex disturbance regime, are recognized to be favourable pieces of land for maintaining high biological diversity. Our study focused on explosion craters – a small-scale disturbance type of high severity, and their effect on species diversity including vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. The research was carried out on an active military training area in Nowa Dęba (SE Poland). The examined vegetation represented open communities on nutrient-poor soils with a wide range of soil moisture conditions. We compared 76 pairs of vegetation samples, each pair consisting of a crater and a closely located control plot of the same size. Out of 135 species recorded (72 vascular plants, 33 mosses, 9 liverworts, 22 lichens), 37 were found only in craters, while 19 occurred only in control plots. Both, species number and diversity were significantly higher for craters than controls. In general, the positive effect of cratering on all studied groups rises from dry to wet habitats. The highest increase of diversity was observed in relation to bryophytes in the moist habitats. Moreover, craters within habitats of higher moisture turned out to be more resistant to alien colonization and at the same time were characterized by significantly higher number of red-listed species compared to the control plots. Differences in species composition between craters and undisturbed plots were most visible in moderately moist habitats. We found several species with a strong preference for craters, and the plants of the highest indicative value are Atrichum tenellum and Dicranella cerviculata.

3

Rozwój sedymentacji utworów ewaporatowych cechsztynu na obszarze rowu mazursko-lubelskiego (SE Polska)

Czapowski G., Chełmiński J., Małolepszy Z., Nowacki Ł.

Przegląd Solny

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2017

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T. 13

75--93

PL

Utwory ewaporatowe (siarczany i sole kamienne) cyklotemów PZ1, PZ2 i PZ3 cechsztynu występują w NW części rowu mazursko-lubelskiego (SE Polska), dla którego skonstruowano w latach 2012-2016. model 3D budowy geologicznej. Dostępne dane z otworów wiertniczych (karotaże, opisy rdzeni wiertniczych i prób okruchowych) pozwoliły ustalić warunki (głębokość, miąższość) i przypuszczalny zasięg występowania tych utworów oraz wyróżnić 8 typów facjalnych, reprezentujących różne środowiska depozycji. Opracowane mapy rozmieszczenia poszczególnych typów facji dla każdego z ewaporatowych wydzieleń litostratygraficznych oraz 3D wizualizacje rozmieszczenia głównych komponentów litologiczno- facjalnych wymienionych cyklotemów umożliwiły przedstawienie zmian środowisk depozycji w kolejnych cyklach cechsztynu w tej części rowu mazowiecko-lubelskiego.

EN

Evaporites (sulphates and halites) of Zechstein PZ1, PZ2 and PZ3 cyclothemes occur in the NW part of Mazovia-Lublin Graben (SE Poland), for which the 3D model of geological structure was created in 2012-2016. Available geological data from boreholes (well logs and descriptions of cores and crushed rock samples) enabled to precise the occurrence parameters (depth and thickness) and the supposed extent of studied evaporites as well as to define 8 facies types, represented various depositional settings. Several maps, illustrating facies distribution of each evaporitic lithostratigraphic unit, supported with 3D images of main lithological-facies components of mentioned cyclothemes allowed to comment the environmental changes in the Mazovia-Lublin Graben area during evaporitic periods of studied cyclotheme successions.

4

Morphology of Reimeria ovata (Hust.) Levkov & Ector in comparison with similar Reimeria species

Noga T., Stanek-Tarkowska J., Rybak M., Kochman-Kędziora N.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 1

123--131

EN

Reimeria ovata (Hust.) Levkov & Ector was found during field research conducted from 2013 to 2015 on the Wołosaty stream and its selected tributaries. Valves measured in the studied material are narrower than valves described in the currently available literature and have more striae per 10 µm. Specimens of R. ovata observed under a light microscope were morphologically very similar to those of R. sinuata, particularly in the case of small individuals. The precise distinction between these two species was only possible under SEM. R. ovata has been found in cold, oligotrophic waters, highly saturated with oxygen, with alkaline or circumneutral pH, but never in large numbers. The aim of this work was to identify the new locations of R. ovata and to determine morphological and ecological characteristics of this species.

5

First record of Prestauroneis tumida Levkov and accompanying species in Poland

Rakowska B., Szczepocka E., Żelazna-Wieczorek J., Olszyński R. M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 1

30--37

EN

The paper presents morphological and ecological characteristics of Prestauroneis tumida Levkov recorded for the first time in Poland. The diatom Prestauroneis tumida Levkov was found in the microbenthos of the Czarna Staszowska River (left tributary of the Vistula River, south-eastern Poland). This diatom species was present in the upper section of the river (sampling sites: 1 – Drogowle, 2 – Raków) where saprobic state varied from oligosaprobic to beta-mesosaprobic. Dimensions of the valve were as follows: length 30-44 µm, width 8-11 µm and 13-16 striae in 10 µm. Our research updates the morphological diversity data such as measurements of valves in terms of width and the number of striae. The accompanying species of Prestauroneis tumida belonged to the group of good water quality indicators, from oligo- to mesosaprobic ones. Some of the identified species were indicators of alkaline, calcium-rich waters.

6

The oldest traces of human settlement in the vicinity of Ulów in Middle Roztocze (SE Poland)

Wiśniewski T.

Folia Quaternaria

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2017

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nr 85

49--64

EN

During the many years of archaeological research in the settlement micro-region in Ulów in Middle Roztocze, traces of human presence dated to Old and Middle Stone Ages (Palaeolithic and Mesolithic) were discovered. M ost sources are flint materials, most of which lost their stratigraphic context due to subsequent settlement. At the current stage of research, their classification is possible only on the basis of a typological and comparative analysis. M ost likely, the oldest traces of human occupancy in the vicinity of Ulów can be synchronized with a series of radiocarbon dating obtained for samples of charcoal from five different archaeological sites. The to-date discoveries have revealed new sources for research on the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods in south-eastern Poland.

7

The use of diatoms to assess the water quality in the Wisłoka River in the town of Dębica and the surrounding area

Noga T., Stanek-Tarkowska J., Peszek Ł., Pajączek A., Kochman-Kędziora N., Ligęzka R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 2

191--201

EN

The objective of this work was to examine the water quality using three diatom indices SPI, GDI and TDI. The material for the study was collected during four seasons from autumn 2010 to summer 2011, from four sampling sites located on the Wisłoka River, in the town of Dębica and the surrounding area. The Wisłoka at all selected sites was characterized by alkaline or close to neutral pH (pH 6.5-7.7). Electrolytic conductivity ranged from 364 to 480μS cm-1. The Wisłoka at the selected sites in the urban area and in the surrounding areas was characterized by high diatom species richness. The total of 238 taxa from 53 genera were recorded, of which the most numerous were: Nitzschia (44), Navicula (33) and Gomphonema (12). Achnanthidium minutissimum var. minutissimum, Amphora pediculus, Navicula gregaria, N. lanceolata, and Nitzschia dissipata ssp. dissipata were usually the dominant species. Chemical parameters indicated very good quality of water. However, the diatom indices used to assess the water quality, classified the studied water into a group corresponding to quality class III or IV.

8

Zbiorowiska okrzemek rozwijające się na glebie uprawnej w Pogórskiej Woli koło Tarnowa

Stanek-Tarkowska J., Noga T., Kochman-Kędziora N., Rybak M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2016

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Nr 46

128—134

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie różnorodności gatunkowej okrzemek rozwijających się na glebie pod uprawą pszenicy w Pogórskiej Woli koło Tarnowa oraz charakterystyka zbiorowisk okrzemek w oparciu o wybrane właściwości fizykochemiczne gleby. Badania prowadzono w okresie wegetacyjnym (od kwietnia do listopada 2011 r.), próbki powierzchniowej warstwy gleby pobierano w odstępach comiesięcznych. Badania fizykochemiczne wykazały odczyn kwaśny lub lekko kwaśny oraz niskie wartości uwilgotnienia (od około 6% w kwietniu i październiku do 1,93% w czerwcu). Łącznie oznaczono 47 taksonów okrzemek. Największym bogactwem gatunkowym charakteryzowały się rodzaje Luticola, Navicula i Mayamaea. Wyróżniono 8 gatunków dominujących, z których zdecydowaną większość stanowiły gatunki aerofityczne i glebowe. Najliczniejsze populacje tworzyły: Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow, Luticola nivalis (Ehrenb.) D.G. Mann, Pinnularia borealis Ehrenb. var. borealis i Stauroneis borrichii (Petersen) Lund.

EN

Studies were conducted on a farmland located in the Pogórska Wola near Tarnów. The aim of the studies was to examine the species richness of diatoms growing on soil under wheat cropping in the Pogórska Wola and characteristic of diatoms assemblages based on selected physico-chemical parameters of soil. Studies were conducted in vegetation season (from April to November 2011). Samples were collected once a month. Soil reaction in each month was acid or slightly acid. Humidity was low and balanced between 6% in April and October down to 1.93% in June. 47 diatom taxa were recorded in total. The biggest species richness occurred in genus Luticola, Navicula and Mayamea. Eight taxa were considered as dominant from which the most was aerophytic and soli species. The biggest populations were created by: Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow, Luticola nivalis (Ehrenb.) D.G. Mann, Pinnularia borealis Ehrenb. var. borealis and Stauroneis borrichii (Petersen) Lund.

9

Homotryblium-dominated Eocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from Middle Miocene (Badenian) glauconitic sands at Lipowiec (Roztocze, SE Poland)

Gedl P.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 2

461--472

EN

A section over 20 m thick of the basal Middle Miocene succession exposed at Lipowiec (Roztocze, SE Poland) was studied for palynology. Thirteen samples were collected from quartz and glauconitic-quartz sands and thin clay layers. Sand samples were barren but clay samples yielded dinoflagellate cysts. Their assemblages consist of reworked Paleogene specimens dominated by the Homotryblium floripes complex (H. floripes and morphologically similar H. plectilum and H. vallum). The presence of reworked Paleogene specimens indicates intense erosion of marine Paleogene strata during initial stages of the Middle Miocene transgression at Roztocze. Analysis of stratigraphical ranges of reworked dinoflagellate cysts and comparison with their occurrences in known epicontinental Paleogene sites of SE Poland suggest an Upper Eocene age of the washed-out strata. The taxonomic composition of the assemblages described suggests that the Upper Eocene deposits accumulated in a near-shore, lagoonal embayment characterized presumably by oligotrophic waters of slightly increased salinity. A high proportion of the Homotryblium floripes complex is also characteristic of reworked assemblages found in younger Miocene strata of neighbouring exposures in Roztocze, which indicates widespread Eocene lagoonal environments in this part of Roztocze. Coeval Eocene strata from the eastern part of Roztocze and from the Carpathian Foredeep show different taxonomic compositions suggesting varied sedimentary settings during Eocene transgression in this region. These differences reflect variable amounts of freshwater influence resulting in a range of environments that ranged from oligotrophic to brackish.

10

Ocena i przyczyny zanieczyszczenia azotanami wód podziemnych w zachodniej części Polesia Lubelskiego i Wołyńskiego

Kaczor-Kurzawa D.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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T. 18, nr 2

141--153

PL

W pracy przedstawiono stan zanieczyszczenia wód pierwszego poziomu wodonośnego azotanami na obszarze zagospodarowanym rolniczo (około 300 km2) w zachodniej części Polesia Zachodniego (Lubelskiego) i Wołyńskiego. Zawartość azotanów została zbadana w wodach podziemnych metodą fotometryczną za pomocą fotometru Slandi LF300 w 31 punktach dokumentacyjnych (studniach kopanych, studni wierconej, źródłach i sondach ręcznych). Zanieczyszczenie wód azotanami (o zawartości powyżej 50 mg NO‾3 /dm3) stwierdzono w 10 próbkach wody (32% populacji danych), a stan zagrożenia tym zanieczyszczeniem (o zawartości 25÷50 mg NO‾3 /dm3) odnotowano w 5 punktach. Stwierdzone zanieczyszczenie wód pierwszego poziomu ma charakter lokalny i związane jest głównie z nieuporządkowaną gospodarką komunalną oraz złym stanem sanitarnym gospodarstw rolnych. Migracji zanieczyszczeń transportowanych przez infiltrujące wody opadowe z powierzchni terenu do systemu wodonośnego sprzyjają dobre własności filtracyjne skał strefy aeracji i płytkie występowanie poziomu wód podziemnych (do 5 m). Naturalna podatność rozpatrywanego poziomu wodonośnego na ponad 90% powierzchni terenu badań jest wysoka i bardzo wysoka, co powoduje, że czas przenikania wód (z zanieczyszczeniami) wynosi tu odpowiednio do 5 lat (dla około 30% powierzchni terenu - podatność bardzo wysoka) i 5-25 lat (dla około 65% powierzchni terenu - podatność wysoka).

EN

This paper presents research concerning nitrates contamination within the Uppermost Aquifer on 300 km2 study area in Polissia region, SE Poland. The analysis of nitrate concentration was conducted with the use of field-gauges set SLANDI. 31 analyzed groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells, pumping wells, springs and water-sampling probes. The nitrates pollution of groundwater (NO‾3 > 50 mg/dm3) was confirmed for 10 samples (32% of population), and potential nitrate pollution hazard (NO‾3 > 50 mg/dm3) was determined for 5 groundwater samples. Such results were determined in samples coming from the following villages: Stefanów, Wólka Cycowska, Przymiarki, Kolonia Wesołówka, Sławek, Stręczyn Nowy, Buza, Chojeniec, Romanówka, Stasin Dolny, Świerszczów, Zgniła Struga, Biekiesza and Dorohucza. High nitrates concentration within the Uppermost Aquifer were confirmed only locally, nearby farms characterized by invalid sanitary condition. In such cases the nitrate pollution of groundwater was caused mostly by waste from farming production and/or leaking septic tanks. High nitrates concentration was usually connected with high content of sulfates (from 57.5 up to 267.2 mg/dm3) and chlorides (Cl‾ from 15.4 up to 97.3 mg/dm3). Relatively high rate of nitrate pollution migration, from the land surface towards the Uppermost Aquifer, resulted from the specific construction of vadose zone, which is built of permeable sands and limestone. Additionally, groundwater table is situated on the depth up to 5 m below land surface. The above mentioned conditions caused that, the greater part of the examined area is characterized by high vulnerability (65% of the area) or extremely high vulnerability (30%) to anthropogenic contamination. Vertical migration time of anthropogenic pollution, transported by infiltrating water from the land surface to the aquifer, is estimated on less than 5 years for the areas of extremely high vulnerability, and on 5 up to 25 years for the areas of high vulnerability.

11

Vegetation and stratigraphy of the Mazovian (Holsteinian) interglacial sections from Dobropol and other new sites in western Polesie Region, south-eastern Poland

Hrynowiecka A., Żarski M., Winter H.

Studia Quaternaria

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2014

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Vol. 31, Nr 1

17--30

EN

Geological mapping in eastern Poland resulted in new find of organic deposits near Włodawa. Pollen and plant macrofossils analyses at the Dobropol site proved deposition during the Mazovian (Holsteinian) Interglacial (MIS 11) Pollen spectra indicated strong predominance of Carpinus in the optimum phase (pollen period III), suggesting intensive influence of continental climate in this part of Poland. The paleolake Dobropol was shallow, with many species of rushes in a littoral zone. During the Liviecian (MIS 10) and the Krznanian (MIS 8) Glaciations the reservoir was occupied by an ice-dam lake, in which silt and clay deposition prevailed. The Mazovian Interglacial organic deposits were also recorded in immediate surroundings of the study area. Based on geological and paleobotanical examination of the Dobropol site, the ice sheet of the Krznanian Glaciation seemed to have reached at least the southern part of Włodawa. The ice sheet has not covered presumably the whole study area as its advance occurred in several lobes. The surroundings of Włodawa in the West Polesie Region are the third largest Mazovian paleo-lakeland area in Poland, apart from the vicinities of Biała Podlaska and the Łuków Plain.

12

The Pinnularia genus in south-eastern Poland with consideration of rare and new taxa to Poland

Noga T., Peszek Ł., Stanek-Tarkowska J., Pajączek A

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 1

77--99

EN

In the studies conducted in 2007–2012 in south-eastern Poland, 56 diatom taxa were found from the Pinnularia genus. Pinnularia brebissonii (Kützing) Rabenhorst, P. obscura Krasske, P. viridiformis Krammer, P. lundii Hustedt, and P. viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg occurred at most of the investigated sites. Eighteen taxa were considered as new to Polish flora. Some taxa are very rare in Poland and Europe and are found in only a few localities. Eight taxa are listed on the Polish Red List of Algae, including six taxa classified as endangered (E): P. nobilis (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg, P. nodosa (Ehrenberg) W. Smith, P. subrupestris Hantzsch, P. schoenfelderii Krammer, P. subgibba Krammer and P. viridiformis Krammer.

13

Eocene dinoflagellate cysts from the Sołokija Graben (Roztocze, SE Poland)

Gedl P.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 4

707–-728

EN

The Sołokija Graben is a tectonic structure in Roztocze, the south-eastern Poland, unique by its infill with the Eocene marine strata. The over 40 metres thick sandy succession is the only well-dated palaeontologically trace of Eocene marine transgression at Roztocze being virtually the only remains of the Eocene epicontinental sea in this part of Poland: the surrounding area is devoid of coeval marine strata, which were eroded. This makes the Sołokija Graben succession crucial for the palaeogeography reconstruction of the south-eastern Poland during Eocene as well as the tectonic history of this region. For its precise age determination, the over 30-m-thick succession of loamy sands that fill the Sołokija Graben in a borehole at Leliszka and a 4-m-thick one at Łaszczówka were sampled for dinoflagellate cysts. Samples from Łaszczówka are barren, whereas the ones from Leliszka contain rich and taxonomically diverse assemblages. Their biostratigraphical interpretation confirms previous results suggesting the Bartonian age of the most of the Sołokija Graben succession; the postulated Priabonian age of its non-calcareous part was documented in its uppermost part only. Palynological record allows reconstruction of sedimentary setting of the Leliszka succession. Basal part of the Bartonian was deposited in a shallow but relatively vast marine basin characterized by normal salinity and high energetic hydrodynamic conditions. Subsequently, marine basin underwent gradual shallowing and temporal cease of sedimentation. During the late Bartonian basin became brackish. A short-lasting early Priabonian marine basin was characterized by shallow marine conditions; it became brackish during its final stage. Comparison with neighbouring Eocene deposits of the epicontinental and Carpathian basins shows that the marine basin at Roztocze was presumably connected with both during Bartonian, and separated from the Carpathian one during early Priabonian. Factors controlling seaways pattern of the Roztocze basin were either eustatics and substratum tectonic movements, the former dominating during Bartonian, and interfingering with uplift of the Meta-Carpathian Swell during early Priabonian.

14

Multi-proxy reconstruction of mire development in the Poręby Wojsławskie Ecosystem (Sandomierz Basin, Southeastern Poland)

Chodorowski J., Plak A., Pidek I. A., Dobrowolski R.

Geochronometria

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2013

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Vol. 40, no. 3

177--186

EN

Multi-proxy analysis (sedimentological, palaeobotanical, geochemical data and results of radiocarbon dating) of the biogenic sediments from a small mire ecosystem in the Sandomierz Basin (SE Poland) is presented. The ecosystem contains a full hydroseral sequence from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic wetland. It is one of the few sites in this region which is so thoroughly investigated in terms of the palaeoenvironmental record. Changes in the water supply of the mire area, and conse-quently the changes in the plant and sediment succession, were well correlated with the regional tendencies in precipitation and temperature during the Late Glacial/Holocene transition and in the Holocene. Human impact is very well recorded in pollen diagram from the Subboreal period.

15

Reworked Eocene–Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts in the Miocene of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin : implications for Paleogene palaeogeography in SE Poland

Gedl P.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No. 4

853–-868

EN

Miocene strata of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin in Poland contain reworked Eocene and Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts, which come from two sources: the Flysch Carpathians and the epicontinental basin. The occurrence of the latter is almost the only trace of the epicontinental Eocene–Oligocene sedimentary cover, which extended across southwestern Poland, and is today nearly completely eroded. The distribution of epicontinental Eocene and Oligocene taxa in the Miocene strata of the northeastern part of the Carpathian Foredeep is uneven, clearly pointing to a limited extent of the host deposits and their variable erosion intensity. Erosion of the Eocene and Oligocene platform cover took place prior the Miocene transgression and took place also during the Badenian; its intensity increased during Late Badenian–Sarmatian tectonic movements, resulting in an increased frequency of reworked specimens in strata postdating the mid-Badenian deposits.

16

Reservoir properties of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic sedimentary cover in the Kraków–Lubaczów area (SE Poland)

Kosakowski P., Leśniak G., Krawiec J.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 1

51-–64

EN

During the 50-year-long intense petroleum exploration of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement of the Carpathian Foredeep, more than 20 oil and gas accumulations have been discovered. The basic and most important oil-bearing levels in the Mesozoic section are Oxfordian carbonates and Cenomanian sandstones. The Nosówka, Zalesie, Trzebownisko–Krasne, Cetynia, Uszkowce and Lachowice hydrocarbon accumulations and numerous hydrocarbon shows have been found in the Palaeozoic horizons. This paper is focused on evaluation of reservoir properties of the entire Palaeozoic–Mesozoic basement of the Carpathian Foredeep and marginal part of the Outer Carpathians for finding new reservoir horizons. 558 rock samples from 51 wells in the Kraków–Lubaczów area were analysed. The well log results from 20 wells were additionally used for the assessment of petrophysical properties. The results of porosimetry measurements and well logs varied in all discussed Palaeozoic and Meso- zoic basement horizons of the Carpathian Foredeep. The best reservoir properties were estimated within the Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous carbonate complex. Despite great variability, the carbonate rocks display highest average porosity and good permeability values. The variability of reservoir properties is mostly a result of the character of the reservoir-porous-fracture space. Good reservoir properties were also estimated for the Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks. However, in most of the analysed wells the potential reservoirs were watered. The Palaeozoic complex displays weaker reservoir properties and they mainly refer only to the Devonian–Lower Carboniferous horizon. The Lower Palaeozoic rocks display weak reservoir properties. Their potential is additio- nally lowered by negligible range of occurrence and a small thickness. Generally, the gas- and oil-bearing pro- perties of the analysed zone can be attributed only to the Jurassic–Cretaceous reservoir horizons. The remaining horizons, especially the Upper Palaeozoic complex, are only supplement to the reservoir potential of the area.

17

Petroleum processes in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic strata between Tarnów and Rzeszów (SE Poland) : 2-D modelling approach

Wróbel M., Kosakowski P., Krzywiec P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 1

81–-97

EN

Two-dimensional modelling of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, migration and accumulation pro- cesses in SE Poland between Tarnów and Rzeszów was carried out for five source rock horizons, i.e. the Ordo- vician, Silurian, Middle Devonian–Lower Carboniferous carbonates, Lower Carboniferous clastics, and Middle Jurassic. Five cross-sections in the study area allowed the reconstruction of timing and range of petroleum processes. The best source rocks related to the Ordovician and Silurian shales and mudstones reached “oil window” maturity within the entire study area and locally also reached the “gas window”. Generation of hydro- carbons was observed from all five source rocks, but the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks generated two and three times more hydrocarbons than the Lower Carboniferous and Jurassic source rocks, respectively. Expulsion took place only in case of the Lower Palaeozoic source rocks, but the volume of expelled hydrocarbons differed across the area. Hydrocarbons migrated from the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks to the Upper Jurassic (carbonates) and Upper Cretaceous (sandstones) reservoirs or to the Upper Palaeozoic carbonates in connection with the emplacement of the Carpathian thrust belt during the Miocene. Faults formed main migration pathways and hydrocarbons accumulated in structural and stratigraphic traps, located in the vicinity of faults. In places, traps are associated with a deep Miocene erosion surface. The onset of hydrocarbon generation took place during the Neogene, mainly the Miocene, but in the north, generation and expulsion started earlier – at the end of the Mesozoic.

18

Assessment of hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Palaeozoic strata in the Tarnogród–Stryi area (SE Poland and western Ukraine)

Więcław D., Kosakowski P., Kotarba M.J., Koltun Y. V., Kowalski A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 1

65–-80

EN

Quantity, genetic type and maturity of organic matter dispersed in the Lower Palaeozoic sequence from the Lower Cambrian to Silurian strata of the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian Foredeep basement in the Tarnogród–Stryi area were evaluated based on the results of geochemical analyses of 475 rock samples collected from 45 wells. The best source rocks were found in the Silurian strata where the present total organic carbon (TOC) content is up to 2.6 wt%. They occur in the vicinity of Wola Obszańska, where the median of the present and the initial total organic carbon (TOC) contents in the individual wells amount to 0.98 and 1.6 wt%, respectively. The Cambrian and Ordovician strata have a poorer hydrocarbon potential and their present TOC content never exceeds 1 wt%. In all of the investigated Lower Palaeozoic strata, organic matter is represented by the oil-prone Type-II kerogen deposited in anoxic or sub-oxic conditions. The maturity of source rocks ranges from early mature (the initial phase of the low-temperature thermogenic processes) in selected zones of the Silurian strata in the vicinity of Wola Obszańska, through the middle and the final phase of “oil window” in the Ordovician and Cambrian strata in the Polish part of the study area, to the overmature stage in the Ordovician strata in the south-eastern part of the study area (Ukraine).

19

Types of gullies and conditions of their development in silvicultural loess catchment (Szczebrzeszyn Roztocze region, SE Poland)

Dobek K., Demczuk P., Rodzik J., Hołub B.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

39-42

EN

The aim of this paper is to present a characteristic of loess permanent gullies, which form the branched erosion system, with the total length of almost 7.8 km, dissecting an erosion-denudation dry valley. Only 20%of the gully system catchment is cultivated as the result of steep slopes and considerable height differences up to 100 m. 80%of the catchment is covered by fir coniferous forest and Carpathian beech forest, and gully development is the result of intensive forest exploitation. Five types of gullies have been selected on the basis of the runoff directions, which are determined by the following: original relief, runoff concentration from fields, runoff concentration from fallplaces, skidding and course of forest roads used to carry a timber.

20

Integrated biostratigraphy of Upper Maastrichtian chalk at Chełm (SE Poland)

Dubicka Z., Peryt D.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 2

185-197

EN

A 40-m-thick section of chalk exposed in the Chełm quarry (SE Poland) contains a rather poor assemblage of macrofauna and a well diversified assemblage of foraminifers. The planktonic foraminifer assem- blages characterized by a considerable number of representatives of Globigerinelloides and Heterohelix and the presence of Guembelitria cretacea indicate the lowest part of the Guembelitria cretacea Zone sensu Peryt (1980). Benthic foraminifers point out that the strata of the Chełm quarry section can be attributed to the lower part of the Upper Maastrichtian: i.e., the Gavelinella danica/Brotzenella preacuta Zone of the European Boreal Province or the Anomalinoides pinguis Zone distinguished in Poland (except the Carpathians). The occurrence of ammonites, such as Hoploscaphites constrictus lviviensis Machalski, Hoploscaphites schmidi (Birkelund), and Acanthoscaphites varians blaszkiewiczi Jagt & al. indicates that the Chełm succession belongs to the lower part of the Belemnitella junior Zone, i.e., to the Belemnitella junior–Spyridoceramus tegulatus Zone sensu Schulz & Schmid (1983). The correlation of the Chełm quarry section and the Middle Vistula River Valley section indicates that the equivalent interval of the former section is not exposed in the Middle Vistula River Valley and that it would occur between the Chotcza and Lucimia villages within the lower part of the Belemnitella junior Zone, i.e., within the Belemnitella junior-Spyridoceramus tegulatus Zone distinguished in NW Germany (Schulz & Schmid,1983).