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Modeling Supply Chain Sustainability-Related Risks and Vulnerability: Insights from the Textile Sector of Pakistan

Hashim Muhammad, Nazam Muhammad, Zia-ur-Rehman Muhammad, Abrar Muhammad, Baig Sajjad Ahmad, Nazim Muhammad, Hussain Zahid

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 1

123--134

EN

Sustainability-related risk and vulnerability management have attained significant attention from academia and industry. Manufacturing industries in developing countries such as Pakistan are under severe economic pressure and striving to boost sustainable supply chain practices for achieving business excellence. In this context, the objectives of the present research are to examine the critical supply chain risks associated with sustainable development goals, namely social, economic, and environmental factors. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique is employed for categorizing the risk factors and Pareto analysis for highlighting the more crucial and risky factors. For this purpose, a large-scale survey was carried out in the textile industries of Pakistan to develop a risk mitigation model for sustainability-related risks and vulnerability in a textile supply chain (TSC). It captures the input expressions of experts for risk factors, namely severity (s), occurrence (o), and detection (d) for calculating the risk priority numbers (RPNs) of identified alternatives. The results depict that endogenous environmental risks categorize as the most significant for the textile manufacturing industries, and the interfaces between the various risks associated with sustainability-related are also found very high. This study would be a toolkit for the industrial managers and policy-makers for creating sustainable manufacturing culture on organizational premises.

2

Optimisation of Process Parameters in Flocked Fabric Production to Eliminate the Non-Recovery Problem of Bent Fibres in Flock

Çamliyurt İlkay, Deni̇z Ferit, Ay İlknur Çinar, Atav Riza

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 3 (147)

74--79

EN

This study was focused on the elimination of defects due to the non-recovery of bent fibres in flock. For this reason, it was aimed to shorten the recovery time of bent fibres in flock as much as possible by optimising selected process parameters in flocked fabric production. For this aim; the diameter of flock fibre, the flock type, paste type, foam density, presetting, dyeing machine type, finishing treatment type, amount of treatment (finishing chemical), use of the brake mechanism during packing the fabric, and tension during winding were changed in two levels and their effects were investigated statistically. As a result of pareto analysis and statistical evaluations, among the many parameters that may affect this problem, the type of finishing process and presetting were found to have a critical effect. According to the experimental results, it was concluded that the recovery time of bent fibres in flocked fabrics could be significantly shortened if the flocked fabrics are not preset and silicone softener is applied during finishing treatments.

PL

W pracy skoncentrowano się na eliminacji defektów wynikających z braku regeneracji włókien podczas flokowania. Z tego powodu starano się maksymalnie skrócić czas regeneracji giętych włókien poprzez optymalizację wybranych parametrów procesu produkcji tkanin flokowanych. W tym celu: zmieniono średnicę włókna flokowego, rodzaj flokowania, rodzaj pasty, gęstość pianki, ustawienia, wstępne, rodzaj maszyny barwiącej, rodzaj obróbki wykańczającej, ilość obróbki (chemia wykańczająca), sposób użycia mechanizmu hamulca podczas pakowania tkaniny oraz naprężenie podczas nawijania na dwóch poziomach, a wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej. W wyniku analizy Pareto i ocen statystycznych, spośród wielu parametrów, które mogą wpływać na omawiany problem, stwierdzono, że rodzaj procesu wykańczania i ustawienia wstępne mają największy wpływ. Na podstawie wyników eksperymentów stwierdzono, że czas regeneracji zagiętych włókien może ulec znacznemu skróceniu, jeśli podczas obróbki wykańczającej zastosowany zostanie zmiękczacz silikonowy.

3

Zastosowanie wybranych narzędzi zarządzania jakością w celu zwiększenia efektywności maszyn w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym

Greń Aleksandra, Zaziębło Paweł

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2019

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Vol. 22, nr 3

11--18

EN

Application of selected quality tools to increase machine efficiency in a production enterprise Maintaining the company’s technical infrastructure in an appropriate condition is a prerequisite for ensuring stability in the implementation of production processes. The effectiveness of actions implemented to achieve this goal improves the use of adequate quality methods and tools. This article shows the practical implications of tools such as Pareto analysis, Ishikawa diagram, MTTR, MTBF to increase the efficiency of machine operation by eliminating the main causes of downtime of an automatic molding line and implementing effective corrective actions.

4

Zastosowanie kart kontrolnych Shewarta dla potrzeb oceny jakości i doskonalenia wykonania punktów lutowniczych

Zimoląg A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 132

711--729

PL

W niniejszym artykule podjęto problematykę możliwości wykorzystania kart kontrolnych Shewarta do badania i sterowania procesem produkcyjnym. W szczególności skupiono się na opracowaniu i weryfikacji sposobu zastosowania kart kontrolnych Shewarta do oceny i doskonalenia wykonania punktów lutowniczych. Zaprezentowano zaproponowane etapy analizy, a także porównano wybrane parametry oceny jakości wykonania punktów lutowniczych przed wdrożeniem zmian udoskonalających proces, jak i po ich implementacji.

EN

This article engaged the possibility of using Shewart's control charts for testing and controlling the production process. In particular this article was focused on developing and verifying the using of Shewart's control charts to evaluate and improve the execution of soldering points. It was presented offered steps of the analysis and selected parameters of the quality evaluation of the soldering points were compared before the implementation of the improvements improving the process, as well as after their implementation.

5

Case study about economic order quantities and comparison of results from conventional EOQ model and response surface-based approach

Yıldız R., Yaman R.

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2018

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Vol. 9, No. 3

23--32

EN

This study involves the implementation of an economic order quantity (EOQ) model which is an inventory control method in a ceramic factory. Two different methods were applied for the calculation of EOQs. The first method is to determine EOQ values using a response surface method-based approach (RSM). The second method uses conventional EOQ calculations. To produce a ceramic product, 281 different and additive materials may be used. First, Pareto (ABC) analysis was performed to determine which of the materials have higher priority. Because of this analysis, the value of 21 items among 281 different materials and additives were compared to the ratio of the total product. The ratio was found to be 70.4% so calculations were made for 21 items. Usage value for every single item for the years 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, were obtained from the company records. Eight different demand forecasting methods were applied to find the amount of the demand in EOQ. As a result of forecasting, the EOQ of the items were calculated by establishing a model. Also, EOQ and RSM calculations for the items were made and both calculation results were compared to each other. Considering the obtained results, it is understood that RSM can be used in EOQ calculations rather than the conventional EOQ model. Also, there are big differences between the EOQ values which were implemented by the company and the values calculated. Because of this work, the RSM-based EOQ approach can be used to decide on the EOQ calculations as a way of improving the system performance.

6

Analiza przyczyn wad w procesie produkcyjnym

Janisz K., Migacz U.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2016

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R. 17, nr 12

1579--1583

PL

W artykule została omówiona analiza wad procesu konfekcjonowania miodu. Analizę przeprowadzono w oparciu o dane udostępnione przez przedsiębiorstwo zajmujące się przetwórstwem i konfekcjonowaniem miodu. Do przeprowadzenia analizy zastosowano wybrane narzędzia jakości: analiza Lorentza-Pareto, diagram Ishikawy i metoda 5Why. W efekcie, zidentyfikowano najważniejsze wady w procesie przetwórstwa i konfekcjonowania miodu oraz przyczyny ich powstawania. Ponadto, zaproponowano działania naprawcze w celu doskonalenia jakości procesu.

EN

In the article a fragment of the analysis of defects in the process of packaging of honey was described. The analysis was based on data provided by the enterprise engaged in the processing and packaging of honey. Selected quality tools: Pareto analysis, Ishikawa diagram and method 5Why were used for analysis. As a result, major defects in the processing and packaging of honey and their causes were identified. Moreover, corrective actions to improve the quality of the process were proposed.

7

Analiza wpływu przebiegu pracy sztygara zmianowego na bezpieczeństwo prac na oddziale górniczym

Helman J., Stefaniak P.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2012

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Nr 3

347-357

PL

Niniejsza praca prezentuje analizę wpływu przebiegu pracy sztygara zmianowego na bezpieczeństwo prac na oddziale górniczym. Przebieg pracy, uwzględniający czynności mające wpływ na bezpieczeństwo, został podzielony na pięć grup czynności, a następnie dokładnie przeanalizowano poszczególne procesy, które przyporządkowano do grup czynności. Opracowano także uproszczony schemat przebiegu pracy sztygara zmianowego oddziału górniczego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych obserwacji w miejscu pracy sztygara opracowano zestawienie czasu pracy z podziałem na etapy oraz poszczególne zmiany. Zestawienie to wykorzystano do stworzenia analizy Pareto, która hierarchizuje czynniki wpływające na badane zjawisko przebiegu pracy sztygara. Następnie poddano analizie czynności administracyjne, które w głównej mierze składa się z wypełniania dokumentacji. Sporządzono spis wszystkich dokumentów, które wypełnia sztygar. Określono także częstotliwość ich wypełniania/analizowania. Na koniec określono wpływ przebiegu pracy sztygara na bezpieczeństwo pracy na oddziale.

EN

This paper presents an analysis of a shift foreman's working processes at the mining division. Based on four days of observations, the working process was divided into five groups of activities (work preparation, transportation to/from work, administration, communication, work in the area of extraction), and then various processes were analysed. In addition, a simplified flow-diagram of working activities was created. The summary of working time was prepared, including different shifts and time frameworks (preparation for work, transportation to a workplace, administrative work at an underground mining office, work in the area of operation, another administrative work at an underground mining office, transportation from a work-place to the surface, administrative work at a mining office). The analysis of four groups of activities (communication was credited to administrative activities) shows that 51% of the time foreman spends on administrative tasks (mainly completing and analysing documents). To the work in the area of operation a foreman devotes 27% of time, to transportation to/from work 17%, and 4% to the preparation for work. Based on the research, Pareto analysis was developed. The Pareto diagram shows that the most important step that brings tangible benefits in terms of mining occupies 30%, but is affected by 70% of the activities performed. An additional document analysis shows that a foreman fills in 11 different documents, where some information is repeated. The list of all the documents filled in by a foreman was made. Also, the frequency of filling in/analysing documents was determined.

8

Wybrane problemy efektywnego rozmieszczania towarów w magazynach

Niemczyk A.

Logistyka

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2011

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nr 5

PL

Sposób rozmieszczenia towarów w magazynach ma wpływ na przebieg i szybkość realizowanych procesów magazynowych, szczególnie w fazie składowania i kompletowania. Kryteriami uwzględnianymi przy rozmieszczaniu towarów w magazynie są: wymagane warunki przechowywania, typ jednostki ładunkowej w składowaniu, technologia składowania, metoda przypisywania miejsc składowania oraz parametry obrotu grup asortymentowych. Osoby odpowiedzialne za wybór i stosowanie kryteriów rozmieszczania towarów najczęściej pomijają ostatnie z wymienionych kryteriów. Jest kilka powodów takiej sytuacji. Większość użytkowanych w magazynach systemów informatycznych klasy WMS nie umożliwia wykonania analizy Pareto według kryterium liczby lub częstości pobrań. Osoby zarządzające magazynem nie mają dostępu do danych źródłowych pozwalających wykonać taką analizę lub dostęp do tych danych jest bardzo utrudniony. Mimo znacznego zróżnicowania istniejących magazynów podejście do zagadnienia rozmieszczania towarów może być w każdym magazynie podobne, a potrzebna wiedza osób zarządzających procesami powinna być taka sama.

EN

The arrangement of the goods in warehouses has an impact on the routes and speed of the ongoing processes in the warehouse, especially during the storing and picking phases. During the process of arranging the goods in the warehouse the criteria like: the required storage conditions, type of the storage load unit, storage technology, the method of assigning storage locations and finally the turnover parameters of the assortment groups should be taken into consideration. Employees responsible for selecting and applying criteria of the placement of the goods mostly ignore the last the mentioned criterion. There are several reasons for such situation. Majority of IT systems used in storages (WMS class) do not enable Pareto analysis by number or frequency of a single pick. Warehouses’ managers do not have access to sources of the data, which enable them to perform such an analysis, or access to such data is very difficult. Despite considerable diversity of the contemporary warehouses, the approach to this problem can be similar in every kind of the warehouse, and the required functionality of the storage IT system as well as necessary knowledge of the processes managers can be the same.

9

Casting defects analysis by the Pareto method

Borowiecki B., Borowiecka O., Szkodzińska E.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 11, iss. 3 spec.

33--36

EN

On the basis of receive results formed of diagram Pareto Lorenz. On the basis of receive graph it affirmed, that for 70% general number casting defects answered 3 defects (9 contribution – 100% defects). For 70% general number defects of influence it has three type of causes: sand holes, porosity and slag inclusions. The defects show that it is necessary to take up construction gating system. The remaining 8 causes have been concerned only 25%, with general number of casting defects. Analysis of receive results permit to determine of direction of correct actions in order to eliminate or to limit the most defects.

10

Use of the JM-SPC software to statistical control of high pressure die casting production-attribute valued data type

Mutwil J., Jurewicz A., Kremens Ł., Gruszczyński P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 3

87-94

EN

A new version of the JM-SPC computer program written by J. Mutwil in Delphi for statistical control of production processes is presented. All changes have been by users suggestions caused. For the attribute valued data type most of new features have been joined to data introducing option. In this way the program allows to consider a wider data spectrum. Usefulness of the introduced solutions for statistical analysis of the attribute valued data type gained from real processes has been presented on the example of Al-Si high-pressure die casting production. The analysis refers to a serial produced casting and includes: 1) the analysis of defect fraction in sample (by using the p-chart), 2) the analysis of relative differences in importance of each defects categories (by using of the Pareto diagram).

11

Application of JM-SPC program for statistical control of foundry production processes

Mutwil J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 8, iss. 3

153-158

EN

A computer program written by author in Delphi for statistical control of production processes is presented. The JM-SPC program can be used for both the variable valued and the attribute valued data type. The data are introduced manually into table (up to 20 columns; up to 10000 rows). The option of data introducing is with some function equipped, which make this process very easy. The data analysis option offer many of analytical techniques. For variable valued data sets following control tools are available: individual values chart, average values chart, moving average values chart, exponentially moving average values chart, median values chart, range chart, standard deviation chart. Also two-signal control charts are available, for example: X-R, X-S, Me-R, Me-S. For variable valued data the performance of processes can be evaluated by using of two commonly used indices: potential process capability index (Cp) and process capability index (Cpk). For the attribute valued data type the user can select: p- and np-chart, c- and u-chart, Pareto diagram. Application of JM-SPC program for statistical analysis of real processes has been presented on the example of Al-Si high-pressure die casting production. For example of production of two different frame castings following analyses have been conducted: 1) the analysis of defect fraction in sample (by using the p-chart), 2) the analysis of relative differences in importance of each defects categories (by using of the Pareto diagram).